What is learning? Answer with famous words (key points) and your own words. Be more specific, wait online, thank you.

Laozi has a saying: virtue means virtue, and virtue means virtue; Virtue is thinking without doing anything, and virtue is thinking without doing anything. Ren Shang didn't think about it, Shang Yi thought about it; Don't respond, just do it. So, you lose your virtue, you lose your virtue, then you lose your benevolence, then you lose your righteousness, then you lose your righteousness. He who is polite to his husband is the first to be faithful. What was known before is the beginning of ignorance. Therefore, a gentleman is thick but not thin, and his life is not in China. So shoot this somewhere else. At the same time, Hannah Arendt, in her book "Spiritual Life-Thinking", also tried to quote Cato's words, asserting that a person's actions will never exceed his inaction. That's right. Isn't there a saying about building a "learning society" before? And this is not Lao Tzu's so-called former knower. What is the glorious and stupid beginning of Tao? Therefore, a gentleman is thick but not thin, which is actually not found in China. So shoot this somewhere else. At present, the predecessors of "Tao is the beginning of folly" always wake up early and get up late in their work and life (so they always wet the bed and stink). What was originally like a gust of wind has long passed or has been lost with the times. Who knows that today, after a few years, my friend's unit has once again blown up this learning wind, which is out of control? This is like what Laozi called "I am still busy if I don't respond." Here, there is no need to ask who should study the most (the common sense of nearly 60 years reminds and tells us that those who advocate this trend are often those who do not study, study and have no skills; Pay attention to this; Otherwise I'm afraid I'll be taken in by it. Let's talk about learning first.

In fact, the so-called learning and learning are two words in the classical sense. Shuowen holds that teaching is effective when applied from top to bottom; All religions are taught. Among them, the word next to the word "teach" is "learn": awakening, teaching and learning; Hey, it's still hazy, the sound of mortars, Hu Jue cut. Since learning from teaching, since all teaching belongs to teaching, this kind of learning naturally has the intention of imitation or imitation. So what is imitation or imitation? That's probably following someone's ass, just like Zhuangzi's Yan Yuan to Confucius, I'm afraid I missed it. According to Zhuangzi-Tian Zifang:

Yan Yuan asked Zhong Ni: "Master follows suit, master follows suit, master follows suit, and master avoids dust." Confucius said, "What is evil?" Yue: "The main step is also a step; Confucius said, also said; Experts tend to follow suit, and experts argue and argue; Master chi, chi also, the master said, back also said; If we return to the latter, the master will not keep his word and will not compare with Zhou, and the people will do it for some reason. " Zhong Ni said, "Evil! Don't pay attention The sorrow of a husband is greater than the death of a heart, followed by the death of a person. Sunrise in the east, into the west pole, everything is like this; Those who have goals and determination wait for success. Go out and live, go in and die, everything is like this. Waiting for death, waiting for birth. As soon as I was shaped by it, I didn't want to be exhausted. The effect is moving, and there is no gap between day and night. Smoked but its formation, know life can't gauge its former. Qiu Yi is a day. I missed my life with a woman, but I don't feel sorry for it. Women are in danger, so am I. He has done his best, but this woman wants it because she wants the horse in Downs. I forgot my dress, and I also forgot my dress. Although, female xi suffers from how! Although I have forgotten my past, I have unforgettable people. "

Yan Yuan here is honest, at least he dares to admit that he knows, but "I don't know (it) so it's gone"; Nevertheless, the teacher Confucius was not so kind to him (at least not as kind as in The Analects): "Hey! Can't you watch it? " Yes, as Confucius said, let's look at what it is, what it is, what is its security for, and how can people be embarrassed? How lonely people are! I know, but I don't know why, so why don't I think about it? But, then, why did Confucius say that "the husband's sorrow is greater than the heart's death, and the human death is second"? You know, according to Mencius, the official of the mind thinks that if you think, you will get it, but if you don't think (in Arendt's words, you don't think), you will not. All human dignity lies in thought; I think, therefore I am. For people, heart or thought is undoubtedly the most important: mourning is greater than death in the heart; As for the death of people, the death, disappearance or non-existence of people's own life is secondary. Here, we can further realize how tireless Confucius is as a teacher in teaching (according to disciple Zi Gong, if you never tire of learning, you will have wisdom; Teaching tirelessly, benevolent. Benevolence, the Lord. At the same time, when Gong Sunchou said, "It was overheard by predecessors that Xia Zi, Zi You and Zhang Zi all had saints, but Niu, Min Zi and Yan Yuan were specific and implicit. When he dared to ask about his safety, Mencius' attitude was clear and firm: Gu She! Please look at his metaphor (it can be said that the benevolent side also) "The sun enters the East Pole and enters the West Pole, and everything is like this; Those who have goals and determination wait for success. Go out and live, go in and die, everything is like this. Waiting for death, waiting for birth. As soon as it shapes me, I won't be exhausted. " People have to die than me, and the goods have to be thrown away. Yes, and Mencius did say such a sentence, which is still valued by some scholars (learners): Everyone can think of Yao Shun, but the problem is that its possibility obviously does not mean necessity or certainty. It only has the possibility of abstraction rather than reality in modern philosophy, and I am afraid it can only make sense in theory at most. This is just like Professor Yan Binggang of Shandong University once wrote publicly that classics have never been the patent of a few elites, but belong to the public. But unfortunately, while emphasizing the education of the proletariat, he obviously ignored, didn't know or didn't know another important (if not the most important) aspect of Confucius' educational thought: teaching students in accordance with their aptitude! So it is inevitable to take care of this and lose the other. Among them, teaching without classes is only teaching students in accordance with their aptitude at most, which is also where the criticism lies. You know, talk right is easy to understand, but whispering is hard to understand. In the same way, and yes, Mencius really tasted it: anyone can think of Yao and Shun; But the question is, didn't Teng Wengong, as a prince, tell such a dialogue later? Think about what Qi Jinggong said, "What about my husband, my husband, and me?" Yan Yuan said, "Who is Shun? So is Anato? There are people who are promising. " Don't think that everyone has a belly on their legs, who is afraid of who! Don't be 70% dissatisfied, 80% angry, 120 don't care, and don't be afraid because of your unconvinced face; Here, Mencius has made it very clear from Yan Yuan's mouth: Yes, everyone can think of Yao Shun, but the question is, who is Shun and who am I? How can you compare with me? A person who wants to make a real difference really needs to think about it in his own heart. In the words of Confucius, it is: the sunrise from the east to the west pole, everything is like this; Those who have goals and determination wait for success. Go out and live, go in and die, everything is like this. Waiting for death, waiting for birth. As soon as I was shaped by it, I didn't want to be exhausted. Then, Mencius quoted Gong as saying, "I am the teacher of King Wen. Did Duke Zhou bully me?" This is obviously a rhetorical question that does not need to be answered (rather than a rhetorical question that asks itself and answers itself). Yes, generally speaking, people are often just deceiving themselves! As for King Wen, I'm afraid he won't and won't cheat me, and so will Confucius, who won't cheat me or even hide. Confucius said, "Do the second sons and the third sons keep me a secret? I have nothing to hide. If I do nothing and don't go with my second and third sons, it will be Ye Qiu. " Sages always teach words without doing anything, which depends on the disciples' own knowledge. In any case, audio, video, words, actions, and Shangshu-Hong Fan all take this as the first priority: see clearly and think clearly, but know yourself clearly. Having said that, Confucius did not say: "There are three things to serve your son: impatience when you don't say it, obscurity when you say it, and embarrassment when you lose color." As for him, he asked Yu Boyu, "Does Zi have different opinions?" Yes: "Not yet. When you taste independence, carp often goes beyond the court. Say,' How about learning poetry?' Yes:' Not yet.' There is nothing to say if you don't study poetry. Carp retired to learn poetry. When we are independent again, carp will rush through the court. Say,' How about learning manners? Yes:' Not yet. "If you don't learn etiquette, you can't stand it." Carp dropped out of etiquette. Vince, both. Chen Kang retired and rejoiced, saying, "Ask one and you get three, smell poetry, smell courtesy and smell gentlemen." Here, Chen Kang thinks that he got three from one question and got a lot from it, but in fact, this is stupid. If things are really like what Kong Li told him, how to explain Confucius' saying that "the people above can verbally, but the people below can't verbally" and Confucius' saying that "if you don't get angry, don't worry, don't make a fuss, and don't occupy a corner, you will no longer be"? Recently, I bought a collection of essays edited by Professor Chen from Sun Yat-sen University, Between Thinking and History: An Interpretation of the Concept History of the Analects of Confucius. I glanced through it in a hurry and found it meaningless. I was willing to spend a little hard-earned money to buy it just because it was a contemporary text about The Analects. In other words, I am really touched by the light of The Analects of Confucius. If nothing else, the title itself is quite problematic. It should be noted that history and poetry are only two coats of classical philosophy; In this case, is the so-called "between thinking and history" a way to express the inside and outside? A few years ago, Mr. Chen suggested and promised to help me contact him as a visiting scholar. I don't want to say anything here. Even if we stop here, it is still a virtue.

Yan Yuan's "studious" is obviously famous among Confucius (the second is probably the so-called "not angry, not guilty, not good at cutting, not tired, so I won't go into details), but don't forget to learn without thinking (the source is eager to die), and of course don't forget how Yan Yuan died?

In this way, it also involves the problem of "learning". According to Zhu's opinion, birds can fly if they have numbers. As for "learning from time to time" and "learning from time to time is better than saying from time to time" in the first sentence of the Analects of Confucius, I think from time to time immediately. That makes sense. I wonder why this habit or bird counts. The moon stars are rare, and blackbirds fly south; Turn around the tree three times, what branches can you rely on? Color, for the sake of the country, the item is then established. Yue: "It's a good time to be a pheasant! Time! " Lutz * * *, three sniffles. Good birds choose wood to live in and then get together. Therefore, I'm afraid I have to think before and after flying several times, and I can only make a final choice or choice by thinking left and right. Here, I want to reiterate my personal views. In my opinion, the so-called "children" and "knowledge" in the so-called "learning from time to time", especially "children", are obviously only pronouns and all refer to "heaven". In Mr. Tang Yongtong's view, "sacred objects cannot be learned and reached" is a tradition since the Han Dynasty. Yes, those who imitate me die and are born in me. And even in Mr. Liao Ping's view, no one dares to learn Buddhism, and scholars pretend to be genuine and practical. Gai Youzhi takes village pedants as acupuncture points. Zhuangzi is too big to be true. Just like Confucius in the Ganges, it is extremely unlucky to brew a disaster for the country! But heaven can learn but not speak: Tao can be Tao, which is extraordinary; What did heaven say? When you are at four o'clock, everything is born. What a nice day! So how to study? Say: Go to school, get up. Therefore, the sentence at the beginning of the Analects of Confucius can probably be interpreted as: learn from heaven (and think about it repeatedly at the same time, enjoy it! Heaven has no relatives, there are always good people. Poem 300, in a word: thinking is innocent (infinite) and even if Zhuangzi says my life is infinite, so is the "harmony" in infinity. In addition, hannah arendt once had a very incisive exposition on this (thinking): Where are we when we think? Sometimes I am thinking, sometimes I am not anywhere. Moreover, in her view, all thinking is inferential, and thinking can be analogically expressed as "a line gradually moving towards infinity". Deng is equivalent to the way we usually describe time continuity for ourselves. However, in order to form such an idea, we must transform the juxtaposition of experiences that can be presented to us into the continuity of silent discourse, which is the only medium we can think about. This means that we are not only insensitive to the initial experiences, but also make them feel no space.

In my opinion, the so-called "learning type" today is actually just a kind of "learning"! His so-called "learning" is nothing more than learning without learning, or learning without thinking. Therefore, a gentleman is thick but not thin, and his life is not in China. So, go to another place to get this, learn from it and think from it. It is true that the husband's grief is greater than his heart death, and death is the second. If you are dead, you must be thinking, thinking, or absent-minded In Confucius' view, this is undoubtedly the greatest sorrow for people to become people and what kind of people they become; As for people's death, it is often nothing: people die like lights, and thoughts last forever. Regarding learning without thinking, Yan Yuan's death is indeed the most classic example, followed by Handan's so-called "learning from the east", "learning from ugly women" and "learning from bad habits". If you study from time to time, Xi will learn without learning, thinking, not thinking or even thinking for a long time, it is like that poem: rats have teeth, people have no end (thinking); People are endless (thinking); If you don't die, a "university" says at the beginning that the way of a university (the study of adults or gentlemen, as opposed to villains) is to show virtue, be close to the people and stop at perfection. This is the second: Zhi Zhi will decide to be quiet in the future, to be safe after being quiet, to pay attention to it after being safe, and to get it after being concerned. Question: What is the world thinking? The world goes the same way, but the roads are different, consistent and worrying. What is the world thinking? So what are the common goals and consistency? In a word, Tao-that is, it is not Tao, it is not the Tao that everyone can exhaust, it is the Tao that China people admire, and it is the Tao that everything should be obeyed and rewarded-and it is the noblest concept and the most basic motivation in China Thought. Believe it!