On the attitude of the author of The True Story of Ah Q towards Ah Q's "lamenting his misfortune and angering him".

The True Story of Ah Q has been translated into many languages since it was published by 1922. The vividness of the main character, Ah Q, should be an important factor. Mr. Lu Xun's emotional attitude towards Ah Q can be summarized as "lamenting his misfortune and angering him", which is almost regarded as a standard by the world and has influenced the appreciation and aesthetics of The True Story of Ah Q from generation to generation. But is Mr. Lu Xun really "mourning his misfortune and angering him" to Ah Q?

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"It is true that it is created by Mr. Lu Xun to mourn his misfortune and anger him." Mr. Lu Xun commented on Byron in his early masterpiece "On the Poetic Power of Moro" (1907), saying that (Byron) had uneven arms, but he was arrogant and indulgent, destroying revenge and had no scruples. It is his loyalty and chivalry, and his emphasis on independence and love for himself. "

However, judging from the article written by Mr. Lu Xun himself about the causes of the True Story of Ah Q, there has never been a saying of "mourning his misfortune and angering him".

Mr. Lu Xun once said: "I lived in Xicheng, Beijing at that time, and I knew that Lu Xun was mine." Probably only people from "New Youth" and "Trendy" are there. " Sun Fuyuan is also one. He is editing the supplement of the Morning Post. I don't know whose idea it was, but suddenly a column called' Happy Words' is added every week. He came to me to write something ... because he wanted to cut the topic of "happy words", he added some unnecessary paragraphs at will, which was out of proportion in the whole article. The signature is' Ba people', which means' chin beauty', which is unsightly ... but it seems to be getting worse, and Fuyuan feels not very happy, so he moved to the column of "new literature and art" from the second chapter. "(the cause of The True Story of Ah Q)

In the preface, Mr. Lu Xun also repeatedly stated that the Russian translation of the preface to the true story of Ah Q, the reasons for the true story of Ah Q, how do I start a novel, a letter to the editor of Drama Weekly and so on. "All stupid and weak citizens, no matter how healthy and strong, can only be meaningless materials and spectators." I don't have to think it's unfortunate to die of illness. "Draw the soul of such a silent nation", "Life in China in my eyes" and "According to my meaning, if China is not revolutionary, Ah Q will quit. He has done this since the revolution. The fate of my Ah Q can only be like this. I am afraid there are no two personalities. " "So most of my materials are taken from the unfortunate in a morbid society, which means uncovering. Basically, it is certain that Mr. Lu Xun did not mention that he wrote Ah Q with the emotion of "lamenting his misfortune and angering him".

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A close look at Mr. Lu Xun's image of Ah Q does not leave any place worthy of pity for readers.

Ah Q is really a nobody who is completely bullied and oppressed and has no position. He is a short-term worker and has no "behavior"; No one even knows his last name; No place to live, just in Tugu Temple; Living at the bottom of the village, anyone can bully him. But he has a unique way to win. Obviously, he was beaten by others, but he thought: This is his son beating Lao Zi; Obviously someone else took the money he won from gambling, but he slapped himself in the face in a rage, as if he were hitting someone else. No matter how badly he was bullied, he could turn defeat into victory in a similar way, and finally he was inexplicably happy. This is the most important spiritual feature of Ah Q. Ah Q was numb, and the scholar's rip-off soon hit him, and he realized that it had something to do with him. They were all dressed, and only when they were dragged and shot did he realize that it was going to be beheaded; Because of his hooliganism, people in Wei Zhuang stopped looking for him as a short-term worker. At first, he thought people were a little strange ... he seemed to be in a daze forever, numb both physically and mentally. Ah Q doesn't matter. When the revolutionary party was killed, he said cheerfully, "Have you ever seen beheading?" Ah Q said,' Well, it looks good. Kill the revolutionary party. Oh, look good ...' "Ah Q is hateful. For example, his contempt for women with strong traditional colors, such as his bad habit of venting anger on the weak, was beaten by a fake foreign devil, but went to flirt with a little nun; He fights with Xiao D, fights with Wang Hu, throws bricks behind his back, says malicious words, and is a hooligan. Ah Q is contemptible. He and Wang Hu have more lice than anyone else, because they are not as big as Wang Hu, and they had a fight with Wang Hu. He looked down on the city people frying fish with shredded onion and laughed at people who had never seen fish frying in the city. His revolutionary ideal is "you can get whatever you want" ... you can choose whoever you like ... Mrs. Xiucai's Ning-style bed will be moved to Tugu Temple first ... "(The True Story of Ah Q)

Therefore, in the communication and reading with the text, it is hard for readers to say how much pity and sympathy Mr. Lu Xun gave Ah Q, which is just irony. In fact, it coldly depicts a typical sick person in such a sick society. three

The fundamental purpose of Mr. Lu Xun's creation of The True Story of Ah Q is not to make readers pity Ah Q, but to mourn Ah Q's misfortune and to anger Ah Q's controversy. In Lu Xun's own words, Mr. Wang just wanted to use the image of Ah Q to "portray the soul of China people" and "expose the suffering and attract the attention of medical care". Otherwise, how could Mr. Wang say that "all stupid and weak citizens, no matter how healthy and strong, can only do meaningless propaganda materials and spectators, and it is unnecessary to think that they are unlucky when they die?"

Mr. Lu Xun only regards Ah Q as a symbol of stupidity, weakness and morbidity, as a basic factor throughout The True Story of Ah Q, in fact, not only Ah Q is a symbol, but also other characters in the novel, such as fake foreign devils, Grandpa Zhao, especially Xiao D, and those spectators who lament that they have come for nothing at the end of the novel, have great symbolic significance. It is not only Wei Zhuang itself, but also an extremely real miniature of rural China. (Wang Xiaoming: Sick Soul and Abnormal Revolution —— Reading The True Story of Ah Q)

What about the immortal image created by Cervantes? Comparison between Don Quixote and Ah Q? "Don Quixote" shows the general weakness that human beings are easy to escape from the development and changes of the objective material world and fall into the misunderstanding of subjectivism, while the vivid artistic image of Ah Q shows a spiritual phenomenon that China people deceive themselves and seek perfection by relying on the method of spiritual victory, and also reflects the spiritual mechanism and general weakness that human beings are easy to escape from reality, retreat into their hearts and seek spiritual victory. Don? Don Quixote knew that he was just an ordinary man, not a knight, until his death. Ah Q didn't realize how he died until he was taken to court. (Zhang Mengyang: "The Significance of Lu Xun in Today")

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The misunderstanding of Lu Xun's emotional attitude towards Ah Q will lead to the misunderstanding of The True Story of Ah Q, which will make us further away from, rather than close to, the interpretation and aesthetics of the essence of this classic novel. It is out of the argument that "it is indisputable to mourn his misfortune and anger him" that some people sum up Ah Q's so-called dual personality characteristics, namely "simplicity, ignorance, cunning", "frankness, willfulness, orthodoxy", "self-esteem, arrogance, humiliation", "narrow-minded, working overtime blindly" and "rejecting heresy and yearning for revolution". (Lin Xingzhai: On Ah Q's personality system) Regardless of this induction itself, it is not always reflected in the positive and negative personality characteristics. In essence, readers can't fully feel the positive personality in Ah Q's so-called multiple dual personality characteristics from the novel.

It is precisely because of the argument that "it is indisputable to mourn his misfortune and anger him" that some people think that "the essence of Lu Xun's novels is tragic and profound", "Lu Xun's novels are the art of" laughing with tears ","laughing "is the external formal feature of his novels, and" laughing with tears "is the essence of" laughing "; Laughter is the first reaction, and tears are the result of deep thought. Lu Xun's novels wrap the core of "tears" with the coat of "laughter". (Tang: Tragic Consciousness in Lu Xun's Novels) However, the above-mentioned artistic view and tragic view of "tearful smile" are not correct in The True Story of Ah Q. Should the art of "tearful smile" be popularized in Europe? Henry's The Gift of the Maggie, The Police and the Hymn, The Last Vine are all typical examples. The truth, goodness and beauty contained in these works were finally torn or destroyed mercilessly, resulting in a tragic artistic effect of "tearful smile". As for Ah Q, because the author didn't endow him with too many beautiful qualities, perhaps Mr. Lu Xun did it on purpose when he wrote this novel, and readers can't fully feel the artistic effect of "smiling with tears". At the same time, the so-called "laughing" material on Ah Q is actually just some spices added by Mr. Lu Xun in order to delete the "quick mouth" column.

To sum up, the argument of "lamenting his misfortune and angering him" just contradicts the closed interpretation of The True Story of Ah Q, which makes the practical significance of The True Story of Ah Q as a classic novel impossible to continue.

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The image of Ah Q created by Mr. Lu Xun is permeated with Mr. Lu Xun's unique critical color from head to toe, which still has its practical significance today. When The True Story of Ah Q began to be serialized in the Morning Post Supplement, Mao Dun published an article in Novel Monthly, saying, "When I read this novel, I always felt that Ah Q was familiar. Yes, he is the crystallization of China people's character. " Zhou Zuoren thinks that The True Story of Ah Q is a satirical novel with the theme of "disgust" and negative spirit, while Zhou Zuoren thinks that satire in The True Story of Ah Q is the rarest in China literature, because it is satire and so-called cold satire. (Li: Grace and Loss —— Analysis of Zhou Zuoren's Evaluation of The True Story of Ah Q)

Readers who have read The True Story of Ah Q can also realize that Ah Q is actually the same as Grandpa Zhao and the fake foreign devil. For example, when Ah Q saw Wang Hu catching lice, he secretly competed with Wang Hu. As a result, he didn't catch a few, but Wang Hu caught a handful and bit loudly. So Ah Q insulted Wang Hu and called him a "caterpillar". As a result, Wang Hu threw him six feet away. But ah q always looks for every opportunity to get revenge. On one occasion, when it comes to killing the revolutionary party, he said "nice", but he just said no, and even made a gesture, "But Ah Q looked around, suddenly raised his right hand, slashed Wang Hu's posterior fossa, craned his neck and listened attentively, saying' Cha'! The result was "Wang Hu was ill for many days, and never dared to go near Ah Q again". -poor Wang Hu, where did he know that this "scraping" he had suffered was the bane of biting those old lice? In addition, in Ah Q's Revolutionary Rhapsody, the first movement is murder. Wang Hu was on the list of the first five people who decided to execute the death penalty. The first one was Xiao D, who was tied with him. (Wu Fei: The True Story of Ah Q Cha) What's the difference between Ah Q's sinister nature at this moment and someone like Master Zhao?

Therefore, in The True Story of Ah Q, Mr. Lu Xun did not criticize a person, but focused on the symbol of the bad habits of the whole nation, only focusing on Ah Q. In essence, Ah Q, Great grandfather Zhao, fake foreign devil, Wang Hu and Xiao D are all the same. Therefore, it can be considered that Mr. Lu Xun's feelings for Ah Q can not be summarized by "mourning his misfortune and angering him."

On Lu Xun's Emotional Attitude towards Ah Q Feng Chuanting