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Shi Zhongshan wrote "Notes on Water Classics": "There is Shi Zhongshan in the mouth of Peng Li." Li Daoyuan believes that under the Shi Zhongshan near the deep pool, the breeze vibrates the waves, and the water collides with the stone, making a sound like Hong Zhong. This statement is often doubted. If the bell rings in the water, even strong wind and waves can't make it sound, and it is a stone! It was not until the Tang Dynasty that Rip began to pay tribute to the remains that he got two stones and put them on the pool. After listening to them, the voice in the south sounded Hu, the voice in the north was crisp, and the fork stopped ringing. I think I understand. He thinks he has found the reason for Shi Zhongshan. The sound of stones is everywhere, and this is just named after the clock. Why?

In June of the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Ding Chou, Yu, An, and Shi You, the eldest son, Mai, will go to Rao Dexing Wei and send him to Hukou, so that he can see the so-called stone clock. At the beginning of June in Genpox seven years, I went to Linru by boat from Decision. When I arrived in Linru, my eldest Ision Su Mai was about to take office in Dexing County, and I sent him to Hukou, so that I could meet the man named Shi Zhongshan. Gu Yu smiled and didn't believe it. In the evening, the moon is bright, and Su Mai people are sitting in the boat under the broken wall. A thousand feet stand on the edge of a big stone, like a monster, and he wants to fight with people; Storks perched on the mountains, and human voices began, and they broke into the clouds; Some people cough and laugh in the valley, or call it a stork. I was scared to retreat, and suddenly there was a loud voice on the water, which was as clear as a ringing drum. The boatman was very afraid. I slowly observed that the mountains were full of caves and crevices, and I don't know how deep they were. Small surges came in and the waves stirred. The ship returned to the two mountains and entered the port. There are big stones flowing in it, which can seat 100 people. The air is full of tricks, feng shui and muffled cymbals, corresponding to the people facing it. Because he smiled, he said, "What do you know? If stunned, Zhou didn't shoot; Wei Zhuangzi's songs are also bells. Ancient people are not good at bullying! "

You don't have to look at anything with your eyes or listen to it with your ears. Can you just guess whether it exists or not by subjective assumptions? What Li Yuan saw and heard was almost the same as that of Yu Tong, but it was unknown. The scholar-officials refused to spend the night on the boat under the cliff, so they didn't know; Fishermen and navy know but can't talk. This is why there is no such name as Shi Zhongshan in the world. However, shallow people beat stones with axes to find out why Shi Zhongshan was named, because they thought they were named after the truth. So I wrote down the past, lamented the simplicity of Li Daoyuan, and laughed at Li Bo's shallowness.

To annotate ...

1, selected from the complete works of Su Dongpo.

2. Peng Li: another name for Poyang Lake. 3. Li Yuan: Li Daoyuan, a geographer in the Northern Wei Dynasty, wrote notes about water mirrors.

4. Drum: Vibration.

5. clap: beat and clap.

Hong Zhong: The big clock.

7. meaning: this statement.

Qing: An ancient percussion instrument, shaped like a ruler and made of jade or stone.

9. Li Bo, a native of Luoyang in Tang Dynasty, wrote an article "Distinguishing Shi Zhongshan".

10, trace: old site, trace. This refers to the location.

1 1, Nansheng Hanhu: Nansheng (that stone) is heavy and vague. Hu's letter is vague.

12, clear moon in the north: the sound of the north (that stone) is crisp and loud. The more, the higher.

13, Ya (fú) Stop ringing Teng: The drumstick has stopped (knocking) and the sound is still passing. Teng, scattered.

14, aftertaste Xu Xie: the aftertaste gradually disappears. Xu, slow down.

15, I got it: I found this (reason). , refers to the reason why Shi Zhongshan got its name.

16, especially: more.

17, Keng (kēng) Ran: describes the loud noise made by hitting a stone.

18, everywhere: everywhere (yes). Yes, it is.

19, Yuanfeng: year number of Song Shenzong.

20. Ding Chou in June: the ninth day of the sixth lunar month. 2 1, Qi 'an: Huangzhou, Hubei Province.

22. Suitable for Linyi: Go to Linyi. Suit, go. Linru, namely Ruzhou (now Linru, Henan)

23. Go: This means going to work and taking office.

24. Rao Zhi Dexing Wei: the county captain of Dexing County (now Dexing County, Jiangxi Province) (an official in charge of public security in a county).

25. Hukou: Current Hukou in Jiangxi.

26. 靹靹 (k 靹 ng): 靹 靹 (making noise).

27. Mo (meter) night: at night. Mo, through the dusk.

28. Habitat stork (hú): an eagle living in a nest. Stork, a kind of eagle.

29.zhé: birdsong.

30. stork crane: the name of a waterfowl is like a crane, but its top is not red, and its neck and mouth are longer than the crane.

3 1, heartbeat: this means panic.

32.chēng ē (hóng): Here, the bells are ringing loudly.

33. boatman: boatman.

34.Xi: cracks.

35. Culverts are faint: the waves are stirring.

36. To this end: it is necessary to form. This refers to the sound of moaning.

37. Mid-stream: the center of water flow.

38. Air: The middle is empty.

39. Hey: hole. 40. (Library N) Hurdling (KN) Boring (tāng) Rubidium (tà): Hurdling, the sound of hitting an object. Boring cymbals, bells and drums.

4 1, item: before.

What you know: Do you remember those (allusions)? Yes, I remember. There is something wrong with the notes in the book. There is an ancient Chinese dictionary as evidence)

43. Zhou Wuqiang (y √): According to the records in Mandarin, a "gun-free" clock was made in the 23rd year of Zhou (the first 522 years).

44. "Wei Zhuangzi" Song Zhong: According to Zuo Zhuan, in the eleventh year of Lu Xianggong (56 1), Zheng people dedicated Song Zhong and other musical instruments to Jin Hou, and Jin Hou gave half of them to doctors. Zhuangzi, posthumous title of Jiang Wei. Song Zhong, an ancient musical instrument.

45. The ancients didn't lie to me: the ancients (calling this mountain "Shi Zhongshan") didn't lie to me! Don't bully me is "don't bully me."

46. About: About.

47. Finally: After all.

48. Fishermen and sailors: fishermen (and) boatmen.

49. Speech: means of expressing and recording by language.

50. The world didn't survive: that's why it didn't survive (the origin of Shi Zhongshan's name).

5 1, humble: a shallow person.

52. Try chopping with an axe: Try chopping stones with an axe and find out the reason (named after Shi Zhongshan).

53. Reality refers to the truth.

translate

The water mirror said, "There is Shi Zhongshan at the mouth of Poyang Lake." Li Daoyuan believes that near the deep pool below, the breeze vibrates the waves, and the water and stone collide, making a sound like a big clock. People often doubt this statement. If you put the chime into the water now, even the wind and waves can't make it make a sound, let alone a stone! Li Bo didn't explore its position until the Tang Dynasty. He found two stones at the edge of a deep pool, struck them and listened to their voices. The voice in the south is heavy and vague, the voice in the north is crisp and loud, the drumstick stops beating, the voice is still spreading, and the lingering sound slowly disappears. He thinks he has found the reason why Shi Zhongshan was named. But I doubt this statement. Rocks that can make sonorous sounds abound, but only this mountain is named after a clock. Why?

On the 9th day of June in the seventh year of Yuanfeng, I went to Linru by boat from Qi 'an, and my eldest son, Mai Su, was going to Dexing County, Raozhou to be a county captain. I sent him to the mouth of the lake to observe the stone clock. The monk in the temple told the child to take an axe and beat it in one or two places between the rocks, making a noise. I just smiled and didn't believe it. At night, the moonlight was bright, and Mai Su and I took a boat to the bottom of the cliff. Stones stand upright, full of thousands of feet, like fierce beasts and monsters, and want to pounce on people hazily; The eagle living in the nest on the mountain was scared to fly when it heard human voices, and made birds sing in the sky; There is a sound like an old man coughing and laughing in the valley. Some people say it's a stork I was so scared that I didn't dare to go back. Suddenly there was a loud sound from the water, as loud as a bell and drum. The boatman was frightened. I slowly observed that there were caves and cracks in the rocks at the foot of the mountain. I don't know their depth. Tiny water waves pour into caves and cracks, and the water waves agitate to form this sound. The ship circled between two mountains and was about to enter the tributary mouth. There is a big stone in the center of the current, which can seat hundreds of people. The middle is empty, and there are many holes. Swallow the wind and waves and spit them out, making a muffled cymbal sound, which echoes the previous sound, like music playing. So I smiled and said to Mai Su, "Do you know those allusions? That creaking sound is the sound of Zhou not shooting the bell, the sound of muffled cymbals, and the sound of Wei Zhuangzi ringing the bell. The ancients didn't lie to me! "

If you don't see with your own eyes and hear with your own ears, can you infer the existence or non-existence of everything based on subjective speculation? What Li Daoyuan saw and heard was probably the same as mine, but he didn't describe it in detail. After all, the scholar-officials don't want to berth at the cliff by boat at night, so they can't know; But although fishermen and boatmen know it, they can't express it and record it in words. This is the reason why Shi Zhongshan's name has not been circulated in the world. And shallow people beat stones with axes to find the reason why Shi Zhongshan got his name, thinking that they got the truth of it. So, I wrote the above story, lamenting the simplicity of Li Daoyuan and laughing at Li Bo's shallowness.

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The Story of Shi Zhongshan is an exploratory travel book. Written in the summer of the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), Su Shi sent his eldest son Mai Su to Ruzhou. By describing the author's exploration of the origin of Shi Zhongshan's name, this paper shows that to know the truth of things, we must "hear and see" and avoid making subjective assumptions.

This article takes the origin of Shi Zhongshan's name as a clue, including one paragraph and three paragraphs.

In the first paragraph, the author puts forward two versions of the origin of Shi Zhongshan's name and questions them. It can be divided into three layers. On the first floor, I quoted the words in the Notes on Water Classics, explained the location of Shi Zhongshan, and pointed out Shi Zhongshan, which caused the following situation. On the second level, Li Daoyuan, a person from the Six Dynasties, put forward the theory of the origin of the name, pointed out people's skepticism about this theory, and questioned Li's theory on the grounds that Zhong Qing could not make a sound when placed in water, indicating that it was difficult to win people's trust. It is precisely because Li said that "people are always suspicious" that later people raised objections and drew Li Bo's statement from Li Daoyuan's statement. The third layer, put forward Li Bo's view and question it. Li Bo is also among the "people who are often suspicious", so there is a "visit to the legacy". There is no doubt that he kissed "visited" his legacy, "gripped" his stone and "listened" to his voice. The author shows his doubts about Li Bo, and refutes Li's statement that "there are stones everywhere, and stones can be detained", which shows that the statement that stones can be detained is not credible.

These two statements seem to be on the same page, but in fact, there are first and then, and there are masters and times. There are also differences in the formulation of the two theories: using "people are often suspicious" to show people's doubts about Li's theory, and it is not clear whether the "people" here include the author, which is an objective narrative, and the author has not rashly judged the right or wrong of Li's theory; I use "I particularly doubt" to emphasize my denial of what Li said. The word "I" here clearly shows the author's attitude towards what Li said. Telling Li that "people are always suspicious" and "I am particularly suspicious" lead the author to realize that it paves the way for the second paragraph of "Laughing without believing" and night outing, and also ends with "sighing", "laughing", "simplicity" and "ugliness".

In the second paragraph, the author narrates a field trip to Shi Zhongshan to understand the origin of its name. It can be divided into three layers. The first floor ("the so-called stone clock watcher in the seventh year of Yuanfeng") points out the time, companions and reasons for visiting Shi Zhongshan.

Because of doubts about the origin of Shi Zhongshan's name, the author took advantage of his position in Linyou to send his eldest son Mai Su to visit Shi Zhongshan in Dexing, Raozhou, just to dispel doubts. This floor is right next to it. On the second floor ("The monk in the temple asked the child to hold an axe ... Gu Yu laughed but didn't believe it"), write an article "Visiting the Temple Monk". The monks in the temple "let the children hold axes" and knocked on stones to make a sound, indicating that they believed Li Bo's statement, which had a great influence. This paragraph responds to Li's "choose one or two and buckle it" and "laugh without believing it", and takes care of the "buckle and listen" and "I particularly doubt it" in the first paragraph respectively. Since the monk's practice is not satisfactory, here is the action of the author's moonlit investigation. On the third floor ("jathyapple knew best ... the ancients didn't cheat"), I wrote about my experience of visiting Shi Zhongshan on a moonlit night. First of all, I explained that the time of my visit to Shi Zhongshan was "Mo jathyapple Ming" and my companion was my eldest son Mai Su. The way is "by boat" and the place is "under the cliff". Then write the scene under the cliff: what you see is a big stone that "stands on the side of thousands of feet, like a monster and wants to fight with people"; I heard the scream of the stork in the sky and the strange call of the stork in the valley, coughing and laughing like an old man. It depicts a gloomy night scene of Shi Zhongshan, which is far and near, high and low, dynamic and static, tangible and vivid, making people feel immersive. This description highlights the eerie environment atmosphere, highlights the difficulty of visiting in person, and lays the foundation for the following criticism that "the scholar-officials refused to spend the night under the boat cliff". On the other hand, when the writer "anxious to return" suddenly "shouted loudly on the water like a bell and drum", which frightened the boat people, but the writer was attracted. He "looked slowly" and found that "there is a cave at the foot of the mountain, but I don't know how deep it is, and the microwave is surging because of this", and he found out the reason for the "squeaking" sound. But things didn't stop there, and there were waves below. When the author "sailed back to the two mountains", he found a "big stone flowing in the harbor" ... the air was full of tricks, the wind was blowing around, and there was a muffled sound. It should be noted that "back" here does not mean "return", but "turn around". "Boat back to the two mountains" does not mean that the boat goes back to the middle of the two mountains, but that the boat turns around and turns between the two mountains. If interpreted as the former, it is puzzling. Why didn't you find "a big stone flowing in the middle" when you went? In addition, the original meaning of "Hui" is "rotation" and "gyration", and the common meaning in ancient Chinese is "turn around"; In modern Chinese, the meaning of "come back" is generally used instead of "come back" in ancient Chinese. The author's investigation of these two sounds is extremely detailed and in-depth, which confirms Li's statement in the first paragraph: "Microwave enters the cloud" and "Breathe in and out with Feng Shui" take care of "cool breeze and drum waves" respectively; "there are caves at the foot of the mountain ... and the culvert is weak and surging, so it is also" empty and porous with the big stone ",taking care of" water and stone are exciting "respectively; "Like a Bell and Drum" and "The Sound of muffled cymbals" take care of "sound like Hong Zhong" respectively. This not only confirms Li's theory, but also makes a detailed supplement to "Jane", paving the way for the last paragraph of "Jane". Finally, the dialogue between the writer and Mai Su. The "smile" of "saying that you are brave because you laugh" is different from the "laughing without believing" in front of you. The former is a smile expressing doubt and denial, and here is a relaxed and happy smile after dispelling doubts, which shows the author's pride and excitement after finding out the truth. In the conversation, the author associated these two voices with "Don't shoot King Zhou Jing" and "Zhong Song of Wei Zhuangzi", affirmed his own investigation results and pointed out the reason for naming Zhong Mingshan. He also affirmed Li Daoyuan's statement that "the ancients were not very cunning", and the words vividly expressed the author's belief and joy. In this passage, the author confirmed and supplemented Li Daoyuan's statement with his own eyes and ears, further denied Li Bo's statement, and provided factual basis for the last paragraph.

In the third paragraph, I wrote my thoughts on the origin of Shi Zhongshan's name and indicated my writing intention. It can be divided into three layers. On the first floor, "it's okay to judge whether something is there without looking at it?" This sentence, with strong tone, expresses full affirmation by rhetorical question and points out the main idea of the whole article. It is the author's conclusion and summary after finding out the origin of Shi Zhongshan's name, and it is the author's experience. The second layer analyzes the reasons why the world can't know the origin of Shi Zhongshan's name accurately from two aspects. On the one hand, there are three reasons why the correct statement can't be circulated: first, "what Li Yuan saw and heard is almost the same as that of Yu Yu, but it is unknown", that is, Li Daoyuan's statement is correct, but unfortunately it is unknown, which leads to "people are often suspicious" and can't be recognized by people; Second, the scholar-officials did not make on-the-spot investigations, and "it is necessary to know when you wait for the cliff by boat at night"; Third, "fishermen and sailors know but don't talk." "Can't say" means you can't write, not you can't say. Li's theory is lost in the unknown. Scholar-officials can be "ignorant" for writing, while "fishermen and sailors" know but can't write. That's why Shi Zhongshan's name didn't spread around the world. Then use the word "two" to turn to the other side: "Ugly people try to get the truth with an axe", which means that "ugly people" like Li Bo make subjective assumptions and "think there is truth", which is the reason for Li Bo's wrong statement and later generations to spread the truth. The third layer points out the purpose of writing this travel note from the two aspects mentioned above. "Lamenting Li Yuan's simplicity" is to affirm Li Daoyuan's point of view, while lamenting that it is too simple. "Laughing at Li Bo's meanness" means denying Li Bo's point of view and laughing at his meanness. This shows that the purpose of writing this article is to spread my own views, confirm and supplement Li Daoyuan's views and correct Li Bo's views.