Miao nationality's Spring Festival custom

What are the festival customs of Miao nationality? Miao nationality is a nation with rich national culture. You can experience different folk customs in Miao areas, which are mainly distributed in Guizhou, Hunan, Yunnan, Hubei, Hainan, Guangxi and other provinces. There are mainly these festivals of Miao nationality.

New year festival

Spring Festival is the "Spring Festival" of Miao people, also called "Hakka Year". During the Chinese New Year, every family kills pigs and sheep and bakes wine to celebrate the harvest. I hope the weather will be fine and the crops will be bumper in the coming year. According to the custom, Miao people express their wishes and hopes for the New Year by singing duets. Early in the morning, compatriots of all ethnic groups from five townships and four towns in the border areas of Guizhou, Hunan and Chongqing rushed from all directions to the foot of Tianxingpo at the junction of the three provinces and cities to express their joy in welcoming the New Year with songs. I also want to sing Song of Spring. The lyrics mean longing for spring, longing for spring, cherishing spring, embracing spring and so on.

April 8(th)

Miao traditional festival, it is said that this festival began in the Ming Dynasty. In the thick lake on the eighth day of April, Miao people gathered around the fountain in Guiyang, dressed in costumes, and blowing sheng played the flute to commemorate and pay tribute to the legendary ancient hero Yanu with songs.

In addition, April 8 is also a festival of Buyi people, some people call it "Ox King Festival", others call it "Shepherd Festival" or "Seedling Opening Festival". On this day, people and cows will eat "Niuwangba" or glutinous rice and take a day off to show their comfort to cows.

Hiking Huashan Festival

Walking on Huashan Mountain is a traditional Miao festival. Miao people in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other provinces are popular in the first month, February or April and May of the lunar calendar, which stems from the courtship activities of young men and women. During the festival, young men and women sing, dance lusheng and courtship; Old farmers came to Huatian to exchange production experience, teach production technology and wish crops a bumper harvest. Miao people living in mountainous areas will also fight bullfights during festivals. The Miao people in Pingbian County also held competitions such as lion jumping and flower pole climbing.

Dragon Boat Festival

Dragon Boat Festival is a Miao festival popular in Xiangxi, Qiandongnan Shidong and Songtao. Most festivals are held on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. In addition to dragon boat racing, there are horse racing, bullfighting, drumming and other activities.

Sister day

In Camus Village near Qingshui River in eastern Guizhou, the "Sister Festival" of Miao families is held from March 15 to 18 every year. During festivals, Miao people traditionally eat "sister meals". This kind of rice is steamed by dyeing glutinous rice with colorful flowers and leaves collected by girls on the mountain. There are also lively bullfighting scenes and "tourism" activities in the festival.

What are the customs of Miao nationality? Miao nationality is one of the oldest ethnic groups in China, with a large population and wide distribution. Miao nationality in western Hunan is one of them. In the long-term historical development, Miao people have formed their own unique customs and habits in clothing, festivals, marriage, funeral, entertainment, etiquette, taboos and diet.

First, clothing.

There is little difference between men and women in Xiangxi Miao costume, and they are all "colorful"; Dressed in flowered clothes, pleated skirts, long hair, ochre flower handkerchiefs, boat-shaped flower shoes and various silver ornaments.

During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, after the instruction of "clothing should be divided into men and women" was issued, it changed a lot, and even many people changed into * * * clothes. Today, for example, the Miao people in Yongshun and Longshan counties are no different from the Han people in dress. However, in Huayuan, Baojing, Fenghuang, Jishou, Guzhang, Luxi and other counties, Miao costumes still have their own characteristics.

Miao men's clothing is relatively simple; I wear a cloth handkerchief on my head, a double-breasted coat, long sleeves and small sleeves, short pants and big pants, and I like to wrap my blue feet. There are two kinds of head handkerchief: green handkerchief and flower handkerchief. Handkerchiefs are more than a foot long, as many as three feet. Wrapped up, it is mostly cross-shaped and as big as a hat. The colors of clothes are plaid, full blue, full blue and so on. Among them, plaid cloth is the most distinctive. There are usually seven buttons. Some young people wear as many as seven clothes, which makes people envy their wealth and boldness. Only the bottom pair of buttons are buckled on the outermost garment, and the bottom two pairs are buckled on the second garment ... and so on until the innermost seven pairs of buttons are buckled. So you can see layers of new clothes from the outside, which is not interesting.

Contrary to the simple costumes of Miao men, the costumes of Miao women are very delicate and complicated.

Toupa: Toupa of Miao women varies from place to place. Miao women in Fenghuang County have a short handkerchief more than three feet long. From the forehead to the back of the head, even the ears are wrapped inside. Miao women in Huayuan and other counties like to use black handkerchiefs (wearing white handkerchief to prevent their parents from dying), which are neatly folded, neatly wrapped, unbiased and oblique, and tied at the end just right. Miao women in Jishou county have mixed hair, while flowers are used in the adjacent areas of Fenghuang county and black flowers are used in the adjacent areas of Huayuan county. Miao women in Luxi, Guzhang and eastern Jishou wear white headscarves. The handkerchief is embroidered with four pairs of cyan Hua Die, which is simple, beautiful and unique. The so-called "four-corner, four-corner embroidered moth" refers to this kind of white handkerchief.

Jewelry: Miao women's jewelry, exquisite shape, a wide range. According to the raw materials, there are gold ornaments, silver ornaments, copper ornaments, aluminum ornaments and jade ornaments. And silver ornaments are the most common. From the wearing parts: silver hat, silver basin, rockhopper, Sushan earrings, collars, bracelets, rings, toothpicks, belt buckles, etc. And bracelets and rings must be worn often. From the modeling point of view, there is only one kind of earrings, including melon seeds hanging earrings, pomegranate earrings, plum blossom needle earrings, circle earrings, faucet earrings, plum blossom hanging melon seeds hanging earrings, rake earrings, faucet melon seeds hanging earrings and so on.

Clothes and others: Miao women's clothes, long waist, big sleeves and short sleeves, no collar. The cuffs are about a foot or longer. On the chest and cuffs, it is customary to roll, embroider or wear yarn, and add railing petals. Some also need to embroider cloud-digging hooks on the front and back edges of the fork and swing. Clothing styles are full-breasted, without double-breasted. It takes dozens of working days to make a set of Miao women's underwear, which is beautifully made through sewing and embroidery. The pants are shorter and the legs are bigger. The number of piping, embroidery or yarn on the edge of trousers is the same as that of clothes. The dress is long and wide, with embroidered lines covered with waste edges, rolling railings and large and small petals, which are colorful and dazzling. The shoes are full of embroidery, with a big head and a big mouth, and the back is wearing ears.

After liberation, in some areas where Miao and Han people lived together, Miao costumes were greatly influenced by Han people, and some young people also changed into Hanfu.

Second, festivals and celebrations

There are many festivals and large-scale activities for Miao people in Xiangxi. Among them, the most representative are:

1. Catch up with last year. On the first month of the lunar calendar, the Miao people in Xiangxi are most keen to catch up with the New Year's Fair, and the date is decided by each place. On that day, men, women and children, dressed in festive costumes, invited each other and chased them in droves. The annual market is full of people, bustling and lively. People can not only exchange materials, but also participate in or watch activities such as swinging, lion dancing, playing with dragon lanterns and climbing ladders. Young men and women also make more use of this opportunity to find lovers and have sex. What's more, the singers show their abilities, and walk in twos and threes, saying the ancient and modern, singing together, or congratulating each other, or telling traditional stories, or improvising new words. The more people sing, the higher their interest, and the more people listen, the more energetic they are. Even if it is snowing heavily and freezing, the annual trade fair will be held as scheduled.

2. March 3rd. This is Xiangxi Miao nationality >>

Miao customs and festivals. "Cherry Club" is a social festival for unmarried young men and women of Miao nationality, which is called "Liupiwa" in Miao language. At the turn of spring and summer every year, the cherries on the mountain are ripe, and clusters of red and purple are covered with branches. Girls are invited to go up the mountain, and boys are invited to go up the mountain. They got into the cherry forest, sang songs to each other and respected each other, and the songs under the trees were melodious.

Although there are differences in different places, the days when Miao youth catch cherries are mostly three days long in Xia Hou, because these days are the season when wild cherries are ripe in the mountains. Young people in Yanmen Village, Pailiao Township, Huayuan County drive cherry parties, but it must be on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month. Why? There is also a beautiful legend here: in ancient times, due to people's backward production tools, low grain output and insufficient food, Miao people living in the mountains went up the mountain to pick wild fruits to eat to supplement the food shortage. One spring night, the cherries on the mountain are ripe again. Darcy, a Miao youth living at the foot of Lunks Mountain, invited the girls in the stockade to pick cherries on the mountain. However, the good times did not last long. As soon as the season passed, the fruits on the trees and slopes were blown away by the wind. Without wild fruit to feed their hunger, the Miao family's life is even more sad, and the mother bear has lost a lot of weight because of this worry. Darcy and his family are very sad, especially Darcy. He thought: how good it would be to defeat a big beast and feed all the people. He told his idea to Mother Bear, and Mother Bear agreed very much. And told him: "There is a' Gaoye' (Guniupo) not far from the local area. There are many wild animals like you mentioned. They are being taken care of by a young girl. Do you want some from her? "

"Ok, I'll go right away!" Darcy went to Gaoye on the orders of his mother.

Gaoye is a place full of fat and strong buffaloes. They are all under the care of a girl. Darcy explained his purpose to the girl, hoping to bring a cow back for himself, but the girl refused. These cows, who have been with her for many years, are fairy cows. How could Darcy take them to kill them?

Darcy is not discouraged. In order to try to persuade girls, he found that girls like to eat cherries and sing, so he went to Lenx Mountain to pick cherries for girls every day and then sang to her. He praised the beauty and purity of the girl. Day after day, the girl was moved. She fell in love with Darcy who gave herself cherries and sang every day. So, she carried her younger brother on her back and led two buffalo with the strongest waist to Miao Village, where she married Darcy on the eighth day of April. At the same time, two buffaloes were given to the mother bear as gifts, but the girl didn't let people kill the cow and eat it, but taught them to use it to help people plow the fields. In this way, with the help of buffaloes, the Darcy people increased their grain output and had no worries about food and clothing, so they didn't have to go up the mountain to pick wild fruits to satisfy their hunger. Later, in order to commemorate Darcy's bringing back the cows on the eighth day of April, people designated the eighth day of April as the birthday of the cows. Every year, on the first day of April, no matter how busy the farm work is, the cows are given a day off, and a pot of pumpkins are boiled and salted to celebrate their satiation. Those young people are invited to pick cherries and sing love songs in Lennox Slope to commemorate the girl and Darcy. This custom has been preserved until now. Moreover, because the Ren * * * slope next to Yanmen Village is located at the junction of Huayuan, Baojing and Jishou counties, news travels faster, and young people from Miao villages in three nearby counties and cities compete to participate in singing, dancing, playing ball games and going up the mountain. April 8th and Cherry Blossom Festival in Yanmen Village are getting hotter every year.

Women don't eat chicken blood

Men don't eat chickens in dead cages, and women don't eat chicken blood. This is the custom of the Miao people in Huayuan. There are strange things and strange things.

Ancient Yelang people didn't eat chicken blood. What is the reason? Legend has it that foreigners once drenched their "gold and silver trees" with chicken blood, plundered their gold and silver, and fell into a situation where people lost their money. Chicken blood has become taboo in Yelang, and it can only be used as a witness to show one's mind, become sworn brothers and treat each other sincerely. Therefore, Yelang people beat chickens and ducks with sticks, which are called "vertebral chickens" and "vertebral ducks". It can't be said that legends are all fiction. There are really no words like "killing chickens" and "killing ducks" in Yelang's common dialect, only words like "killing chickens" and "killing ducks".

Legend has it that the ancient Yelang people were all white-skinned and fine-fleshed, each with both talents and looks, unlike some white and some deep red, which seemed to have been burned by "Lei Gong", commonly known as "Lei Gong Burn". Why do Yelang people gradually become ugly?

Of course, this is also a legend. At that time, there were no words. Of course, no one writes books. Where can you find the answer? It is said that Yelang people became traitors at that time, betrayed their ancestral teachings, ate chickens without beating them, killed them with a knife, bled them, put some rice in them, and cooked them together ... >>

What festivals and customs do Miao people have? Miao nationality is a very rich national culture. You can experience different folk customs in Miao areas, which are mainly distributed in Guizhou, Hunan, Yunnan, Hubei, Hainan, Guangxi and other provinces. There are mainly these festivals of Miao nationality. The Spring Festival is the "Spring Festival" of Miao people, also called "Hakka Year". During the Chinese New Year, every family kills pigs and sheep and bakes wine to celebrate the harvest. I hope the weather will be fine and the crops will be bumper in the coming year. According to the custom, Miao people express their wishes and hopes for the New Year by singing duets. Early in the morning, compatriots of all ethnic groups from five townships and four towns in the border areas of Guizhou, Hunan and Chongqing rushed from all directions to the foot of Tianxingpo at the junction of the three provinces and cities to express their joy in welcoming the New Year with songs. We will also sing "Song of Spring". The lyrics are as follows: April 8, yearning for spring, yearning for spring, cherishing spring, embracing spring and other traditional Miao festivals. It is said that this festival began in the Ming Dynasty. On the eighth day of the fourth lunar month, Miao people gathered around the fountain in Guiyang City in costumes. blowing sheng played the flute and talked about songs to commemorate and pay tribute to the legendary ancient hero Yanu. In addition, April 8 is also a festival of Buyi people, some people call it "Ox King Festival", others call it "Shepherd Festival" or "Seedling Opening Festival". On this day, people and cows will eat "Niuwangba" or glutinous rice and take a day off to show their comfort to cows. Huashan Festival is a traditional Miao festival. Miao people in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other provinces are popular in the first month, February or April and May of the lunar calendar, which stems from the courtship activities of young men and women. During the festival, young men and women sing, dance lusheng and courtship; Old farmers came to Huatian to exchange production experience, teach production technology and wish crops a bumper harvest. Miao people living in mountainous areas will also fight bullfights during festivals. The Miao people in Pingbian County also held competitions such as lion jumping and flower pole climbing. Dragon Boat Festival Dragon Boat Festival is a Miao festival popular in Xiangxi, Qiandongnan Shidong and Songtao. Most festivals are held on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. In addition to dragon boat racing, there are horse racing, bullfighting, drumming and other activities. Sisters' Day was held in Camus Village near Qingshui River in eastern Guizhou. Every year from March 15 to 18 of the lunar calendar is Camus' "Sister Festival". During festivals, Miao people traditionally eat "sister meals". This kind of rice is steamed by dyeing glutinous rice with colorful flowers and leaves collected by girls on the mountain. There are also lively bullfighting scenes and "tourism" activities in the festival.

Miao festival customs or activities Miao traditional festival customs: Miao people believe in animism or many kinds of ghosts and gods, worship ancestors and nature, think that gods have irresistible power, and pray for the protection of gods and ancestors no matter how to eliminate disasters or seek wealth. When praying for the elimination of evil spirits, wizards will exorcise them. The activities of offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors are extremely grand, and activities such as "Eating Dirty" (Drum Club) in southeastern Guizhou, "Eating Cattle" in northwestern Guizhou, "Paying homage" in western Hunan, "Eating Cattle", "Eating Pigs", "Exorcising Ghosts", "Eating Ghosts" and "Sacrificing Ghosts" are expensive. In addition, the worship and sacrifice of natural objects (trees and rocks) or man-made objects (wells and benches) use wine, meat, fish, chickens, ducks and glutinous rice as sacrifices. Ethnic minorities in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan believe in Catholicism and Christianity.

There are many Miao festivals, and the festivals celebrated by Miao people in different places are not exactly the same. The "Miao Year" is popular in southeastern Guizhou and some areas of Rongshui County, Guangxi. It is held on the ugly day of the Year of the Rabbit or the Year of the Ox from September to November of the lunar calendar, and there are activities such as drumming, dancing Lusheng, horse racing, bullfighting and "traveling". On the eighth day of the fourth lunar month, Miao people in several counties near Guiyang put on their costumes and came to the fountain in Guiyang. Blowing sheng played the flute and exchanged songs to commemorate the legendary ancient hero "Yanu". In addition, there are Dragon Boat Festival, Huashan Festival (the fifth day of May), Spring Festival (the rice is ripe in June and July of the lunar calendar), Tomb-Sweeping Day, Autumn Festival (beginning of autumn) and so on. Miao people in Yunnan climb Mount Hua almost every year. Although this kind of stepping on Huashan has superstitious content, it is also a traditional mass entertainment festival for Miao people.

Miao people are generally monogamous families, and the property is inherited by men, and housewives enjoy more power and status in the family. Older parents are usually supported by younger children. In some areas, fathers and sons have the habit of sharing the same surname, the son's first name and the father's last name. Usually only call your real name, not your father's name. Influenced by the patriarchal feudalism of the Han nationality, some established word generations, ancestral halls and genealogies. Young Miao men and women are relatively free in marriage. Young men and women are free to sing, fall in love and get married through social activities such as "traveling in southeastern Guizhou", "sitting in a village" (Rongshui, Guangxi), "stepping on the moon" (Wenshan and Chuxiong, Yunnan), "jumping flowers" (central Guizhou and western Guizhou) and "meeting girls" (western Hunan). Chuxiong, Yunnan and other places have a "girl room" system to choose a good couple. There are also parents who arrange marriages, usually through relatives and friends. Miao women have the custom of "staying at home" after marriage, especially in Qiandongnan, which still has reservations. In some areas, Miao people also have customs such as "returning girls", "changing houses" and "marrying wives and sisters".

The Miao nationality's New Year custom is not far from 30 characters. Wan Li also went home. It's hard to find a daughter without a ticket. Hard work is hard, with ups and downs. It is penniless and unrecognizable. On the fifteenth day of the first month, I was busy visiting relatives and friends, and it was another year.

The Miao nationality is a nation rich in ancient civilization and paying attention to etiquette. The 20-year-old festival is unique and distinctive. Miao traditional festivals are divided into: 1. Farming festival; Material exchange festival; 3. Festivals for men and women to socialize, fall in love and choose their spouses; 4. Sacrificial festivals; 5. Commemorate and celebrate festivals. In chronological order, a year is divided into twelve months, and each month has more than one festival. 1- 15 (from the first sub-day to the second cloudy day) is the year of the opera festival, in which 1 sub-day is the day of the year and the Miao people do not go out (far away); The 1 ugly day is the annual festival of the earth. During the period from 1 ugly day to the second ugly day (2- 14), people visited relatives and friends, congratulated each other on the New Year, sang duets, played with dragon lanterns and played with lions. The second day of the second lunar month (15) is the last year (burning dragon lanterns). The first ugly day of the partial moon (bull moon or ugly moon) is the friendship day, also known as the dragon head festival. Miao people sacrifice to the land gods and collect dragons safely.

The first day of June+10 (Tiger Moon or silver moon) in 5438 was a festival for material exchange and social interaction between men and women (known as the Third Street Festival in March in Chinese).

The first Sunday in February (Rabbit Month or Uzuki) is the Ox King's Day (called April 8th in Chinese), when men and women get together for cherry, which is the Buddha's birthday.

The first and second days of March (Dragon Moon or Chen Yue) are Dragon Boat Festival and Dragon Boat Festival respectively, among which Dragon Boat Festival is later called Quyuan Festival and Songshi Festival to commemorate the patriotic poet Quyuan (Mi surname).

April 1 day (Snake Moon or Mitsuki) is the Dragon Festival (called June 6th and June field in Chinese), and it is also a new barley festival.

The 1 sub-day in May (horse month or noon month) is the Small Year Festival (called Seven Sisters in Miao language, namely the Big Dipper).

The second day of June is the Duck Festival, and the second day is the Mid-Autumn Festival.

July 1 Shenri (Monkey Moon or Shenyue) is the wine festival (harvesting glutinous rice to make sweet wine and rice wine).

August (chicken moon or full moon) is a festival of sacrifice (mainly for ancestor worship, eating pigs, jumping incense, mourning, Anlong and other activities). ).

September (dog month or full moon) hunting festival, choose a day to worship the three gods of Meishan and start hunting.

10 (Year of the Pig or Haiyue) is the festival of eating pigs and soaking pigs (killing pigs in that year), the festival of kitchen gods (offering sacrifices to kitchen gods) and New Year's Eve (called October Miao Spring Festival in Chinese).

April 8(th)

April 8th is a traditional festival for Miao, Buyi, Dong, Yao, Zhuang, Yi, Tujia and Gelao ethnic minorities in Guizhou, Xiangxi and northern Guangxi. The content of festivals varies from place to place. Among them, the one with the largest scale, the most grand scene and the most far-reaching influence should be the first to promote the "April 8" celebration of the Miao nationality in Guiyang. Every year on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month, the Miao people in Guiyang and its surrounding counties wear national costumes and gather in the fountain area in the center of Guiyang. They play lusheng and flute, sing folk songs and dance Miao people to celebrate their traditional festivals. There are many legends about the origin of "April 8", mainly for the ancient Miao heroes buried in today's fountain on April 8, which has been passed down from generation to generation and become a custom.

Legend has it that in ancient times there was a Miao leader named Yanu, who led the Miao people against the rulers. He once organized villages to drink chicken blood in the "drinking blood depression" and vowed to fight to the end. And agreed to meet on a mountain on April 8. After the uprising, Che Yi won again and again, all the way to Sichuan and Guizhou. On April 8 of the following year, Yanu died unfortunately near Guiyang Fountain. In order to commemorate this national hero, it is convenient for the Miao people to hold commemorative activities on April 8 every year to remember Yayi's achievements and sweep the graves for the war victims. After the uprising of Ganjia Miao people in Qing Dynasty, the rulers banned Xiangxi Miao people from holding this activity, which made the Miao people lose a very meaningful traditional festival. After liberation, with the approval of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, "April 8" was designated as a festival for the reunification of the Miao people.

The eighth day of the fourth lunar month is a traditional festival for Miao people in Guiyang, Ping Huang, Songtao and Xiangxi, Hunan. This festival is to commemorate the Miao hero Yanu. During the festival, Miao compatriots will steam rice with flowers and gather in a fixed place, blowing sheng, to dance or sing love songs. The Miao people in Beijing also celebrate April 8.

On the eighth day of the fourth lunar month, Miao people put on silver ornaments and new clothes, and gathered from the top of the mountain, the mountainside and Pingba to the meeting place on the eighth day of April. On this day, there will be Nuo opera, going up the knife ladder, going down the fire, dancing lions, playing flower drums, singing competitions, playing suona, playing konoha, playing autumn cricket and asking for help. With the in-depth development of reform and opening up, commemorative activities have added new contents such as economic and trade negotiations, artistic and cultural discussions, and tourism. & gt