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Taihu Lake Basin I. Physical Geography

Taihu Lake basin covers an area of 36500km2, and its administrative divisions include Nanjing, Danyang, Changzhou, Wuxi, Suzhou and Kunshan in southern Jiangsu Province, Jiaxing and Huzhou in Zhejiang Province, part of Hangzhou and most of Shanghai. Among them, Jiangsu Province accounts for 53%, Zhejiang Province accounts for 33.4%, Shanghai 13.5%, and An Wei Province accounts for 0. 1%.

Taihu Lake basin is dominated by plains, accounting for 4/6 of the total area, with water surface accounting for 1/6, and the rest are hills and mountains. Surrounded by rivers on three sides, there are Maoshan, Ling Jie, Tianmu Mountain, Qinhuai River, Shuiyangjiang River and Qiantang River basins in the west from north to south. Topographic features are high around and low in the middle. There are plains and depressions in the middle, Taihu Lake and small lake in the east, Taowei Lake in the west, Hangjiahu Plain in the south and Tianmu Mountain, Maoshan Mountain and foothills in the west. The north, east and south sides are affected by the siltation of the Yangtze River estuary and Hangzhou Bay, and highlands are formed along the river and the coast, and the overall terrain is disc-shaped.

The bottom elevation of Taihu Lake and the main lakes in the basin is generally1.0m. The ground elevation of the central and eastern depressions, including Yangcheng Dianba, Songqing and Baika, is generally 3-4.5m, and the lowest point is only 2.5-3m. The ground elevation of other plain areas is 5-8m. The elevation of hills in western hilly areas is about 10-30m, and the elevation of hills is generally 200-500.

Second, meteorology and hydrology.

Taihu Lake Basin has a subtropical monsoon climate, with an average annual temperature of 15- 17℃ and an average frost-free period of 220-240 days. The climate in the region is mild and humid, with abundant rainfall, with annual precipitation1100-150 mm and total precipitation of 465438.

Rainfall in the basin is mainly concentrated in April-10, and floods are mainly formed by plum rains and typhoon rainstorms. The rainy season is usually May-July, sometimes lasting watershed water is formed, and the disaster range is wide. Typhoon rainstorm mostly occurs in August and September, and its intensity is particularly large, but its scope and total amount are not large. For a certain area, regional floods are sometimes more serious than basin floods.

Third, the river system

The river system in this basin is a lake river network system centered on Taihu Lake, which belongs to a tributary river system in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

There are 89 lakes/kloc-0 with a drainage area of over 0.5km2, with a total water area of about 3 159km2. Taihu Lake covers an area of 2338km2 and is one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China, with an average depth of 1.89m and a corresponding volume of about 4.4 billion m:. It is a natural reservoir and the most important water supply source in Taihu Lake Basin.

The main water source of Taihu Lake comes from Tiaoxi, Nanxi and other water systems in the western hilly area, and the dividing point is usually Zhihu Port on the north bank of Taihu Lake and Changdou Port on the south bank. The west of the two demarcation points (including Zhihu Port and Changdou Port) is the upstream inflow area of Taihu Lake, and the east is the downstream outflow area.

The main river systems in the basin are:

(1) Tiaoxi River System. Originated in the southern and northern foothills of Tianmu Mountain. East Ruoxi originates from the southern foothills, and West Ruoxi originates from the northern foothills. After joining Hangchangqiao in Huzhou, it entered Taihu Lake from Changdou Port and Xiaomei Port.

(2) Hexi water system. Originated in the boundary mountain at the junction of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui, it enters Taihu Lake from Jiapu Port.

(3) Nanxi water system. Originated in Yishan and Maoshan hilly areas, it flows into Nanhe River and then into Taihu Lake.

(4) Tao Wei River System. Originated in Maoshan hilly area, it passes through Hutao Lake and Tonghu Lake, and then dispersed into Taihu Lake from Lougang on the west bank of Taihu Lake.

(5) Huangpu River system. It is the most important drainage river network in this basin, which collects the water from Huangpu River, Taihu Lake and its downstream lakes and Hangjiahu Plain. Huangpu River joins the Yangtze River at Wusongkou, which is a moderately tidal river.

(6) along the Yangtze River system. There are more than 10 major rivers along the Yangtze River, which connect the river network in the hinterland of the basin with the Yangtze River. The estuary has been controlled by the sluice, which undertakes the functions of flood discharge and water diversion to the Yangtze River.

(7) Canal water system. The Jiangnan section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal from Zhenjiang to Hangzhou runs through the north and south of the basin, connecting large and small rivers along the river.

Water systems are interconnected without clear boundaries, forming a criss-crossing river network.

The main inland river routes in the basin are: Zhang Shen Line, Suzhou-Shenzhen Inner Port Line, Suzhou-Shenzhen Outer Port Line, Hangshenjia Line, Hangshenyi Line, Changhu-Shenyang Line, Hanghu Line and Liuping-Shenyang Line, as well as Jiangnan Canal, Xicheng Canal, Xilicao River and Tenzin Licao River.

Four. socioeconomics

Taihu Lake Basin is an economically developed area in China. In addition to megacities, there are seven large and medium-sized cities such as Zhenjiang, Changzhou, Wuxi, Suzhou, Huzhou, Hangzhou and Jiaxing, as well as fast-growing towns and villages.

This basin has 22 million mu of arable land and a population of 36 million. 1997' s GDP has exceeded 600 billion, and its fiscal revenue accounts for about 1/8 of the whole country.

There are Shanghai-Nanjing and Shanghai-Hangzhou railway trunk lines and Shanghai-Nanjing and Shanghai-Hangzhou expressways in the basin, and the highway network reaches every township.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) product resources

Taihu Lake Basin has been a land of plenty since ancient times, with an annual grain output of1150-120,000 tons (in high-yield years, it can reach1300-140,000 tons), and it is also the national cocoon, freshwater fish, bamboo, Hu sheep, pig and bamboo.