journalistic writing

News is also called news. It is a kind of fast and concise factual information, and it is a recent and valuable factual report. The characteristics of news can be simply summarized as four words: fast, true, new and short. "Fast" means fast, timely, and pay attention to the timeliness of news. The shorter the time from the fact to the separate release, the better. "Truth" means speaking with facts, which is safe and true. "Giving up" means thinking clearly and having a clear purpose. Specifically, the material should be new, and people's new things such as people, new deeds, new experiences and new initiatives should be reported. People's horizons should be broadened, their knowledge should be new, and the ideas reflected in the news should explain the problems and be innovative. "Short" means concise language.

The structure of news generally consists of the following five basic combinations. (1) Flexible and vivid title. (2) A fascinating introduction. (3) Deepen the topic style. (4) Targeted background. (5) Just the right ending.

News writing should focus on the above five components, namely, title, introduction, style, background and ending.

First, explain the title.

News headlines are its "eyes", the theme of the content and the essence of the full text. Whether the topic is wonderful or not is directly related to whether the reader's desire for reading can be stimulated. Most news uses various headlines. Such as model essay "Encountering a Car Accident":

When I was very young, I saw the horror of car accidents on TV: several cars collided, and the people inside were bloody and horrible. So I am very afraid of car accidents and often pray for my family to have a safe trip. Unexpectedly, at present, my father has suffered a car accident.

It was a Sunday when my father went to Shaoxing on business and got on an old waving car. Waving to stop the car to attract passengers, all the way up and down, braking hard for a while and turning sharply for a while. The danger is constant, and the passengers in the car are scared and scared, reminding the driver to drive slowly, but the driver ignores it. When the car reached the intersection of Fuquan Town, the accident finally happened. There was a loud bang, and the front of the conscription car collided with the body of another fast-moving truck. The truck fell to the ground after reading, and the glass of the beckoning car was all broken. The front of the car was sunken, the driver's face was covered with blood, and he sat in the cab dumbfounded. At this time, the carriage was in chaos, with cries, shouts and groans everywhere. Dad is a great fortune in misfortune. Just a slight scratch on his neck and legs, he quickly got out of the car to find a phone and called 1 10 to call the police. ...

After listening to my father's thrilling scene, I really want to say to all drivers: "Drive carefully!"

In order to elaborate the title, he takes the key content he wants to write as the title of the news, which can attract readers.

Second, write a lead.

The hardest part is actually the beginning. The introduction is the beginning of the news, and its function is to express the most important facts in the most concise language. Hold the reader tight. Introduction is the essence and soul of news and the most important preface of news. Lead plays a very important role in news and shoulders the task of guiding the full text. Such as model essay "Xiaoshan stole a big color TV and was captured as soon as he arrived in Ke Qiao"

65438+1 At 4 o'clock in the morning on October 20th, the police uncle of patrol carNo. KLOC-0/of Shaoxing County Public Security Bureau found a Xiaoshan brand motorcycle with a 34-inch TV set on it, which was very suspicious, so he stopped the car for questioning. As a result, the two people who took the bus didn't say anything at last. Obviously, they are 34-inch imported Sony TV sets. Gao Feng and his teammates, who have many years of work experience, immediately realized that they were suspected of theft and immediately brought the man and the TV set back to the brigade.

After examination, the two suspects confessed that the TV set was stolen from a farmhouse in Yaqian Town, Xiaoshan City, and then called a three-wheeled motorcycle for rent, ready to transport the TV set to Ke Qiao Textile City bus station and go home for the New Year. Unexpectedly, it was planted in the hands of Ke Qiao police immediately. The two thieves were named Wang Guoping and Liu Yang, male. He is from Zhongxian County, Chongqing. After contacting Xiaoshan Yaqian police station, it was verified that a 34-inch Sony TV set was stolen in the middle of the night, worth nearly 10,000 yuan. The case is now handed over to Xiaoshan police.

The author pointed out the time and reason from the beginning, and came straight to the point. As soon as the reader saw the beginning, he understood the general idea of the matter and guided the reader to see the reason.

Third, write as well as you can.

Style is the backbone and center of news and the main content of a news. It introduces, naturally and concretely unfolds news facts and contents, and unfolds the narrative of news facts around the theme. When writing a news style, we should first echo and coordinate with the lead, and we should not turn to hair growth and cause complications. Specifically, the questions raised in the lead should be answered with specific facts in the style, the main facts outlined in the lead should be developed in detail in the style part, and the conclusions drawn in the lead should be unclear in the style part. Secondly, speak with facts and write sufficient factual materials. Such as model essay "The use of counterfeit money should not be":

Nowadays, many people in society are cheating others with counterfeit money. I saw it with my own eyes.

On the afternoon of February 7th, around 1 p.m, two young men in suits sneaked into a small shop, put a brand-new counterfeit 100 yuan on the counter and asked for a pack of cigarettes. The clerk picked up the money and saw that there was something wrong with this RMB-it was too thin.

Seeing this, the two young people urged the clerk to hurry up and said that the money was real ... which put the clerk in a dilemma.

In the end, the clerk failed to make the deal. However, if the sales staff is not vigilant and accidentally accepts counterfeit money, the loss can only be borne by themselves.

It is uncivilized to waste farmland.

Everyone knows that the field is used for farming, but some people regard it as a dustbin.

During the winter vacation, I found various uncivilized phenomena through field visits: some people used the venue as a football field, ran around it and trampled on others' hard-earned money; Some people throw all the rubbish into the ground, and some children still play mud fights there, not only trampling on the ground, but also leaving a series of footprints on the ground.

I think: fields are used for farming, such as littering is uncivilized behavior.

The above two news stories focus on the narration of news facts. The first one is a concrete description with the theme of "whether counterfeit money should be used". The second is the theme of "destroying uncivilized farmland". The narrative is concise and clear.

Fourth, explain the background in detail.

News background refers to the historical situation, surrounding environment, relationship with other things and internal and external relations of news facts. The background material in a piece of news should be weighed appropriately, and the enemy should not get the upper hand. Therefore, attention should be paid to writing background materials: firstly, background materials should serve the theme, but also be explanatory, comparative and explanatory materials. Secondly, background materials are not an indispensable part of news. Whether they should appear, when and where they should appear, should be interspersed in the introduction, style or end, or explained in one place, or scattered in several places according to the theme of the article. If it is really unnecessary, you can omit writing. The background materials in news mainly include comparative materials, explanatory materials and explanatory materials. Such as model essay "A distant relative is better than a close neighbor"

My family lives in a compound with six families. On the patio, you can see a pot of green onions at a glance. Speaking of this pot of "everybody onions", there is a touching story!

That pot of onion was originally raised by my neighbor, Grandpa Bu. Grandpa Bu takes care of it every day like an old friend and tries his best to make it grow up. When neighbors want to fry fish and barbecue, they will choose a few pieces to add color and fragrance.

Grandpa Bu is ill in hospital. After a few days, onions are not as energetic as before. I don't know who's calling. Within a few days, the neighbors took on the task of looking after onions, and even a five-or six-year-old child came to help. Water onions, and of course, I am no exception.

One day, the onion returned to its original appearance and grew taller and greener.

A few days later, Grandpa Bu recovered from illness and was discharged from the hospital. The first thing he did when he walked into the yard was to see onions. He was surprised when he saw it. Onions grow better than before. He pinched his beard and said, "onion, you have to thank your neighbor." Being a distant relative is really better than being a close neighbor! " "We stood by, smiling sweetly. From then on, we called the can of onions "Everyone's Onions".

Be an honest man

In autumn, one day I want to buy a new book "Up and Down for 5,000 Years" in the bookstore. I searched in front of the bookstore counter for a long time and finally found the book. I took the book out of the bookcase in a hurry and accidentally tore one of the color pictures in the process of looking through it. I decided to buy this book, but when I looked at the price, I found that I was short of money. what can I do? I quickly closed the book and looked around. They ignored me, and the assistant aunt was busy and ignored me. At this time, my heart is very contradictory, whether to tell the assistant aunt how to pay or sneak away. I hesitated in front of the bookcase for a while, but I still couldn't help walking to the counter and said to the assistant aunt, I accidentally tore up the book. How much do you think I should pay? Aunt looked at it and said, forget it, since it was not intentional and she admitted her mistake voluntarily, don't pay for it. I still have to pay my aunt a dollar. Aunt has been dissatisfied. I always think of this gentle aunt on my way home.

Fifth, the natural ending.

The end is the end of news, the last sentence or paragraph of news, which clarifies the significance of news facts, reveals the development trend of events, deepens readers' understanding and causes readers to think. There is no fixed format and writing at the end of news. Common writing methods include summary, foresight, analysis, inspiration, call and encouragement. At the end, we should strive to write new ideas, end the full text in a profound, implicit and thought-provoking way, and avoid unnecessary writing. The model essay is as follows: Strengthen the excellent management of teachers in Qianqing Town, create a new situation in education, and severely punish posting advertisements and setting off firecrackers to scare people.

The central primary school in Qianqing Town, Shaoxing County has effectively strengthened the construction of the teaching staff, and recently held a meeting of principals with the theme of "strengthening teachers and optimizing management, creating a new situation in education".

In order to further improve the quality of education and arouse teachers' enthusiasm, Li Wenquan, the headmaster of the town school, asked all primary schools in the town to seriously implement the reform policy of "teacher appointment system, salary structure system and principal responsibility system", implement the school-running purpose of "developing schools through science and education and establishing schools through quality" in specific education, and take a feasible new way of quality education. In this semester, we should focus on changing teachers' educational concepts and improving their comprehensive quality. At the same time, do a good job in the construction of principals and better lead all teachers to the modernization of education. Li Wenquan also asked all schools to continue to play the role of research rooms and teaching and research groups, emphasizing the integration of theory with practice. Enrich scientific research achievements, develop and deepen teaching and research topics, and make contributions to further optimizing education in Qianqing Town.

Illegal posting of advertisements should be severely punished.

Now we are walking in the streets and looking around, we can see advertising papers posted on walls and posts everywhere. Although these advertising papers are beautiful and the advertising words are quite wonderful, they are extremely unsightly when posted in public places. In order to make more money, some manufacturers simply put advertisements on trees.

I wonder if these manufacturers have thought about it. Although this can attract more customers, it will affect the normal growth of trees, make people feel uncomfortable and affect the surrounding environment.

Therefore, I hope that the relevant departments will rectify and improve the above situation.

Setting off firecrackers will scare people.

The Spring Festival is coming, and the government has implemented a "double ban" system, but many children still can't help but want to set off firecrackers. Some children set off firecrackers to scare people.

At noon on February 30th last year, a senior student went to school and saw a child setting off firecrackers on the way. Just as she was walking, suddenly there was a loud noise behind her. The child turned around, made a face at her and ran away. It turned out that the child deliberately scared passers-by.

In fact, this is not good, not only scary, but also hurtful. If he is an old man, this kind of fright may scare him out of a heart attack. How dangerous it is.

In short, I hope my friends will pay attention to safety when setting off firecrackers!

The news of "Qianqing Town strengthens the management of teachers and creates a new situation in education" ended with encouragement; "Excessive advertising should be severely punished" adopts a call-up ending; Setting off firecrackers to scare people ends with a conclusion.

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