In recent decades, the International Table Tennis Federation has made some major changes to its rules. They are:

I'll answer your question first and then give you some detailed information.

1. Replace the 38mm ball with 40mm ball.

The service was changed from covered to uncovered.

3 2 1 scale changed to 1 1 scale.

4. Olympic team replaces doubles

Replace inorganic glue

6. It was stipulated a long time ago that the rubber on both sides of the racket must be different colors. Because the rubber covers on both sides in Cai Zhenhua are black, and the performance of the rubber covers on both sides is different, the service is very hidden, so it was changed.

7. New Rules for Olympic Games Qualifications-An association with two singles players who have directly obtained the qualification can only send 1 player to participate in the qualifiers (in the past, it could send 3 players).

ITTF's latest regulation on the qualification for the Olympic Games-the association that has obtained the direct qualification for two singles players can only send 1 player to participate in the preliminaries (in the past, three players could be sent), which immediately aroused strong response from many domestic media and fans-ITTF created obstacles for the China team.

However, shalala, president of the ITTF, firmly denied that "all kinds of reforms are aimed at making table tennis more popular internationally, with more exciting games, more compact time, fairer games, more favorable TV broadcast, more support from sponsors and more active marketing. In a word, all the reforms are not aimed at China or any country, but from the perspective of table tennis development. Just because China is too powerful, you will think so. " .

Although this statement is also reasonable, we can still see the clue in a series of reforms carried out by shalala of 1999 after he took office-its pertinence to the China team is obvious and its influence should be the greatest, but it is not absolute to be realistic.

Change the big ball

When ITTF decided to use big balls after the Sydney Olympic Games and put them into practice at the 45th World Table Tennis Championships held in Kuala Lumpur in February 2000, people began to appreciate the persistence of this reformer who actively advocated various things. Because many athletes, including Waldner, advocate that it is more appropriate to try it out in six or seven world competitions before it is officially implemented. However, shalala pointed out that this proposal was put forward by Xu Yinsheng, former president of ITTF and China. When the ball is changed from 38 mm to 40 mm, the speed and rotation of the ball will slow down, which will help athletes to expand their movements, improve the excitement and appreciation of the game, and facilitate TV broadcast and market development.

Yao, chairman of ITTF Technical Committee, understands this: "We can't just focus on which team is good and which style of play is good. This problem should be viewed from the development of table tennis. It is necessary to increase the number of rounds of the competition, make table tennis more ornamental and make the sport more international. " Zhang, vice chairman of the Chinese Table Tennis Association, cited an example of a 44 mm ball used in a Sino-Japanese friendly exhibition match. He said: "If the ball is big, you have to use your own strength to attack or chop the ball before you can pass it. Japanese people like to play this kind of ball because it is convenient for fitness. The reform of the big ball is to let more people participate in table tennis. " Persson, a famous Swedish player, said: "It is fair for every athlete to switch to a big ball." Shi Lage, a famous Austrian player, said, "A big ball makes the game more exciting, and a wonderful game will make table tennis more vital."

Because this reform embodies the principle of "everyone is equal", in the 2 1 Men's World Cup held in Yangzhou in June 2000, China won the first world champion after the big ball reform (Wang of China also won the third place). At the Osaka World Table Tennis Championships in April, 20001,China won all seven championship trophies, winning 5 silvers and 4 bronzes, thus achieving a "grand slam" after adopting a big ball, which somewhat calmed some China fans' initial puzzles.

Change the system to 1 1.

At the ITTF Congress held during the World Table Tennis Championships in Osaka in April, 20001,shalala presided over and passed the proposal of "changing the score of each match from 2 1 to1,and changing the serve from five rounds to two rounds" put forward by ITTF Athletes' Committee and Executive Committee. It was adopted by an absolute majority of 107 to 7, and the official implementation date was 20065438+0 September 1.

Because the purpose of this proposal is to shorten the game time, the same game time can only be played for three games, and now five games can be played, so that from the beginning of the game, both sides will enter a state of "every minute counts". It increases the intensity of competition, narrows the gap between strong and weak players, and increases the chances for second-rate players to beat first-class players, so that they are more easily accepted by most athletes and try in the European Open earlier. Shalala admitted: "Of course, as excellent athletes, they will not easily agree to the reform because they are used to the system of 2 1 point per game. However, we should not only look at the present, but also look at the future. Everything should be considered from the perspective of table tennis development. "

China team also quickly adapted to many new changes brought by "1 1 points system" and continued to maintain a high winning rate in world competitions. At the Paris World Table Tennis Championships last May, China won 4 gold, 4 silver and 6 bronze in 5 individual events. In the final of ITTF Professional Tour at the end of the year, China also won four titles, and remained the biggest winner in international table tennis.

Change it to "open serve"

Shalala reforms every year. On September 1 day, 2002, the new rule of "serving without cover" was officially implemented, which triggered a lot of discussion in table tennis.

When adopting this new rule, shalala, who presided over the meeting, allowed only one Singaporean representative to express his disagreement. Contrary to the previous practice of announcing the voting results after counting the votes, he orally announced that the most controversial proposal, which must be supported by three-quarters of the delegates, was "passed" with his "visual" results.

Faced with this proposal, which was obviously hastily adopted, Li Furong, head of the China delegation, said at that time that he "fully understood this reform and would look at it positively". Cai Zhenhua, head coach of China table tennis team, also said, "We will try our best to adapt to this new rule and explore new methods as soon as possible to maintain China's leading edge." Since then, China table tennis team has tried new serving rules since it entered the winter training at 200 1+ 1. In 2002, the domestic table tennis super league, the women's team implemented open serve, the men's team used open serve in backhand, and the forehand still used open serve, gradually adapting to this new rule in advance.

For this reform, Waldner, whose serve is changeable and the action of blocking is obvious, clearly expressed his dissatisfaction: "The blocking action of serving is a unique part of table tennis tactics, and I don't see the need to cancel it. The new rules will ruin some players' chances of winning forehand service. However, samsonov, Jin Zezhu, Gating and Primola publicly agreed: "The service should be fair and square, so that the other side can see it clearly, otherwise it is speculation. It is good for the audience, the referee and the opponent to see your serve clearly, which reflects the fairness of the table tennis match and the overall strength of the athletes.

Despite different voices, this reform was formally implemented on September 1 2002. But this is not plain sailing. Because in the process of implementation, it is difficult to grasp the scale of "coverage" and "non-coverage" or "semi-coverage". Referees, athletes and officials have different understandings of the standards and are prone to conflict, so most of them are "muddling along" in the competition, and it is difficult to strictly enforce the law.

Based on this, China Table Tennis Association released a set of new tables and charts of serving rules, which were provided to China Table Tennis Team. However, due to everyone's habits, we still played some "edge balls" more or less. Therefore, the Chinese Table Tennis Association recently put forward a new rule about serving, that is, "serving over the head", which is simple and easy to judge. It is said that it has been recognized by the German Table Tennis Association and shalala. Change doubles to the same half of the association

In 2003, ITTF issued a new regulation that "two pairs of doubles players in the same association must draw lots in the same half area", that is to say, it is impossible for China to win the doubles champion and runner-up. However, according to the principle of reasonable separation between the association and the players, the powerful China players often meet in the finals. Like the Atlanta Olympics, the men's doubles runners-up are Kong/Liu and Wang Tao/Lv Lin; The women's doubles runners-up are Deng Yaping/Qiao Hong, Wei Liu/Qiao Yunping; The men's doubles runners-up in Sydney Olympic Games are Wang/Yan Sen and Kong/Liu respectively; Wang Nan/Li Ju and Sun Jin/Angelababy won the women's doubles championship. The intention of this reform is obvious, and China should not be allowed to do all the work. In this regard, ITTF explained that "players from the same association will inevitably reduce the interest and attractiveness of the audience, affect the ratings of TV viewers, and then threaten the viability of table tennis in the world." Shalala said more directly: "China always can't do anything well. If China always does everything well in advance, even people in China will get bored, and they will turn their interest to other sports. But if European countries never win the China team and don't broadcast it on TV, the table tennis market will be affected. " "Everyone likes to watch the game between China and foreign teams, such as China and Sweden, and South Korea ... This game is exciting, exciting and suspenseful, and sponsors are willing to invest. Otherwise, the world series will become an internal competition for the players of the association. Who cares? "

This principle has been supported by many national and regional associations, and the Chinese Table Tennis Association has also accepted this proposal from the overall situation of the world. Change the number of qualifiers

As soon as the new year arrived, ITTF's new initiative brought "anxiety" to the fans-it could have sent three people to play the Olympic qualifiers, with a high insurance factor, but now only 1 person is allowed, which is a bit "hanging".

Analyzing this reform, it did create a little trouble for the access system of the third candidate of China team-in case this player misses, wouldn't it be a partner missing to clear the way for the main players in the Olympic singles competition?

This kind of worry is not "unnecessary" because it is more advantageous for three people to play together. Looking back on 1996 Asian regional qualifiers held in Chiba before the Atlanta Olympic Games, our men's team sent Liu, Ding Song and Qin Zhijian. As a result, Qin Zhijian's three main players, Jin Chengxi, Cui Jingxi and China, ranked first and successfully got the last singles ticket (Liu finally appeared, and he finally won two Olympic gold medals in men's singles and men's doubles).

For another example, before the Sydney Olympic Games, our men's team sent three people, including Liu, to participate in the pre-selection, and our teammates guarded each other's barriers and cut off foreign enemies to ensure that our players ranked first. As a result, Liu, who won the first place in the Asian regional qualifiers, got his wish.

Of course, China coach Cai Zhenhua is very calm about this move: "It will definitely have a certain impact on us, but we will accept it calmly." Indeed, the advantage of "crowd tactics" is gone, and a player sent out can't make any mistakes. It is very important for players to use skills and tactics and improvise, and their psychological quality must be excellent. But in the final analysis, China table tennis team, a glorious team, has the best coaches, athletes and researchers in the world, the best consistent system and the support of the people all over the country, the best training conditions and the most comprehensive sparring practice. Its long-lasting success depends on scientific exploration, hard training, enterprising spirit that dares to transcend tradition and extremely strong patriotism, dedication and sense of responsibility. Therefore, no matter how ITTF reforms, if Eurasian powers do not increase investment in personnel training and training reform, and do not set up new top-level groups as soon as possible, even if the above-mentioned series of new rules are adopted, the imbalance of strength comparison will still be difficult to fundamentally reverse-China team will always stand at the forefront and peak of the world table tennis world.