Allusions about the screen! ! !

Screen

English: SCREEN

As an important part of traditional furniture, screens have a long history. At first, the home furnishings of our ancestors were very simple. With the development of society, people's material life gradually became richer, and their aesthetic concepts also changed dramatically. As a result, the production of screens in furniture also came into being. The birth of the screen was initially specially designed behind the emperor's throne, called "?", "axe". It is framed with wood, mounted with silk, and painted with an axe, becoming a symbol of the emperor's power. "Historical Records" also records: "The emperor stood on the screen." After a long period of development, screens began to spread among the people, entered ordinary people's homes, and became an important part of the interior decoration of the ancients.

Screens are generally displayed in prominent locations indoors, serving the functions of separation, beautification, wind protection, and coordination. It complements and complements the classical furniture, becoming an integral part of the home decoration, presenting a harmonious and tranquil beauty. Screens are made in various forms, including vertical screens, folding screens, etc. Later, the interstitial screen appeared purely as a decoration. It was small, exquisite and interesting. In ancient times, the princes and nobles were very particular about making screens, using materials such as mica, crystal, and colored glaze. In the inlay process, precious items such as ivory, jade, enamel, jade, gold, and silver were used. It can be described as extremely luxurious. However, most folk screen production advocates practicality and simplicity. There are many furnishings with plain screens, and since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, this style has become popular. Bai Juyi, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, once wrote in "The Ballad of Su Ping": "There are no seal scripts by Li Yangbing, handwriting by Zhang Xu, flowers and birds by Bian Luan, and turquoise by Zhang Zao. I will not add a little bit of painting on them. I want you to keep it true and keep it all white." ." shows his admiration for plain screen. Compared with the Huaping of the Emperor's House, the folk plain screen is really unique and has a leisurely charm.

There are many kinds of traditional Chinese crafts, but the ancients still had a special liking for screens. Because it integrates practicality and appreciation, it has both aesthetic and practical value. Its aesthetic value is not only reflected in the craftsmanship of the screen itself, but also in the painting and poetry on the screen, which gives the screen new aesthetic connotation. According to historical records, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty once wrote down his methods of governing the country on a screen, thinking that he would encourage himself and warn others. The ancients used to paint the deeds of famous emperors, generals and ministers or famous honest women and martyrs on screens, which served the purpose of praising, preaching and warning. From this point of view, the meaning of the screen has been greatly extended. Ancient people painted and composed poems on screens in various forms, but landscape painting was the earliest. Screens with images of landscapes appeared in Dunhuang murals. The most famous painting of the Five Dynasties is "Han Xizai's Night Banquet", which contains a large screen with landscape patterns painted on it. Later, the subjects of screen paintings were very wide, including landscapes, figures, flowers and birds, erudition, calligraphy, etc. The habit of painting and writing poems on screens has long been spread to Japan. Many of their traditional paintings "Ukiyo-e" are painted on screens, which can be evidence of cultural exchanges between China and Japan.

Screens have a long history, rich forms, and colorful craftsmanship. It is spread as a unique work in the field of traditional crafts and is deeply loved by the people. The use of screens began in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, and they were called "di". It was originally used for wind protection and shelter. Later, it continued to develop and the varieties became more diverse. There were not only tall screens, but also smaller screens, as well as smaller bed screens and pillow screens. Some were dedicated and some were purely decorative. of furnishings.

During the Han and Tang Dynasties, almost all wealthy families used screens. Its form has also increased compared with the previous generation. It has developed from the original single-fan screen to a curved screen with multiple fan screens, which can be stacked, opened and closed. Before the Han Dynasty, screens were mostly painted and painted wooden boards. Since the invention of papermaking, , mostly made of paper.

The types of screens include floor screens, bed screens, combing screens, lamp screens, etc.; and if divided by texture, there are more, such as jade screens, carved screens, glazed screens, mica screens, and plain screens. , calligraphy and painting screens, etc., to name a few.

After the Ming Dynasty, hanging screens appeared, which have exceeded the practicality of screens and become pure decorations. With the change of society, modern people's lifestyle has made it difficult to use it as a home furnishing, so that its scope has gradually shrunk. It can only be found in special cultural places, such as theaters, teahouses, storytelling venues, etc.

In recent years, people at home and abroad have begun to be interested in Chinese classical furniture. The beauty of classical furniture culture, including screens, is gradually being re-recognized. We hope that people can discover new beauty from traditional screen craftsmanship and be inspired by it. New enlightenment.

Screens: Make the home look more beautiful

I often hear some friends complain that they want to place a screen between the living room and dining room at home. I found that there were too few screens that I liked. Either there are few styles, and most of them are Chinese designs; or occasionally you find a screen with a novel design, and the price is not cheap.

In fact, it is indeed difficult to find small screens. Even large furniture stores rarely have special counter sales for screens. Only a few beautifully decorated furniture stores can find several models. , so consumers really have to spend more time and energy to buy a screen that they like. But for many people, it doesn't matter if they "break through the iron shoes" just for the screen. Because placing a beautiful screen at home is like putting a veil on a dignified woman, which can add a bit of elegance and charm.

Chinese-style screens are elegant and gorgeous

Chinese-style screens are the most common ones on the market, and their prices vary greatly depending on the wood used, carving techniques, size, etc. Cheap ones only cost a few hundred yuan, while high-quality ones cost a lot. Chinese screens give people a gorgeous and elegant feeling. Various patterns are carved on the screens. Under the skillful hands of craftsmen, flowers, birds, insects, fish, characters, etc. are lifelike. If you like the elegance and beauty of Chinese furniture, then Chinese screens are undoubtedly a good match. Of course, even if the home style is not based on Chinese design, you can still choose Chinese screens. The coordination of different design elements may bring unexpected effects.

The design style of Japanese screens is closer to that of Chinese screens, which are also famous for their elegant and generous designs. The patterns of traditional Japanese screens are also based on historical stories, characters, plants, etc., and most of them are meticulous paintings. In terms of color, soft tones such as gold, gray, and white are often used, but authentic Japanese screens are difficult to find on the market.

Fashionable screens are highly decorative

A stylishly designed screen can sometimes even attract more attention than the furniture placed in front of it. This type of screen is very bold and novel in both material and design. In terms of material selection, those heavy materials are often abandoned and replaced by transparent and soft materials. According to reports, in the past, screens mainly played the role of separating spaces, but now more emphasis is placed on the decorative side of screens. Thin screens not only maintain good ventilation and light transmittance in the space, but also create the effect of "separation without separation". In terms of color, compared with traditional black, white, gray and other colors, it is more colorful. Jumping red, bright yellow, bright green, etc. are all popular colors. In terms of patterns, it is even more dizzying. If it's hard to make a choice, geometric, floral, and solid colors will never go out of style no matter when you adopt them.

If you find it difficult to match such eye-catching designs, you may wish to refer to several demonstration works by designers. The pink sofa bed, mahogany coffee table, and blooming flowers, all these gorgeous things are incomparable to the red screen behind the sofa bed. The delicate furnishings may be more suitable for ladies. The design of the simple solid wood bed draws on the traditional Chinese bed frame design and incorporates Western-style animal pattern bed covers, making it attractive and fashionable. This design that combines Chinese and Western styles matches the hanging screen hanging next to the bed. It is bright yellow and black, and the simple style is jumpy but not fancy. It has a chic taste. This design is more suitable for men's taste.

In addition, some designers also install several bags of different sizes on the screen, so that magazines, newspapers and other items can be placed there, which is simple and practical. It is said that this style of screen was immediately loved by young people as soon as it was launched on the market. It seems that the beauty of the screen makes the home look more beautiful

There are many kinds of traditional Chinese crafts, but the ancients still had a special liking for screens. Because it integrates practicality and appreciation, it has both aesthetic and practical value. Its aesthetic value is not only reflected in the craftsmanship of the screen itself, but also in the painting and poetry on the screen, which gives the screen new aesthetic connotation. According to historical records, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty once wrote down his methods of governing the country on a screen, thinking that he would encourage himself and warn others.

The ancients used to paint the deeds of famous emperors, generals and ministers or famous virtuous women and martyrs on screens, which served the purpose of praising, preaching and warning. From this point of view, the meaning of the screen has been greatly extended. Ancient people painted and composed poems on screens in various forms, but landscape painting was the earliest. Screens with images of landscapes appeared in Dunhuang murals. The most famous painting of the Five Dynasties is "Han Xizai's Night Banquet", which contains a large screen with landscape patterns painted on it. Later, the subjects of screen paintings were very wide, including landscapes, figures, flowers and birds, erudition, calligraphy, etc. The habit of painting and writing poems on screens has long been spread to Japan. Many of their traditional paintings "Ukiyo-e" are painted on screens, which can be evidence of cultural exchanges between China and Japan. The screen has a long history, rich forms, and colorful craftsmanship. It has been spread as a wonderful work in the field of traditional crafts and is deeply loved by the people. However, with the changes in society, modern people's lifestyle has made it difficult to use it as a home furnishing, so that its scope has gradually shrunk. It can only be found in special cultural places, such as theaters, teahouses, storytelling venues, etc. In recent years, people at home and abroad have begun to be interested in Chinese classical furniture. The beauty of classical furniture culture, including screens, is gradually being re-recognized. We hope that people can discover new beauty from traditional screen craftsmanship and be inspired by it. New enlightenment. Screens: Make your home look more beautiful. I often hear some friends complain that they want to place a screen between the living room and dining room at home. I have gone to the furniture stores in the city, but found that there are too few screens that suit my needs. Either there are few styles, and most of them are Chinese designs; or occasionally you find a screen with a novel design, and the price is not cheap. In fact, it is indeed difficult to find small screens. Even large furniture stores rarely open special counters to sell screens. Only a few beautifully decorated furniture stores can find several models, so consumers must buy suitable ones. A thoughtful screen does take a lot of time and effort. But for many people, it doesn't matter if they "break through the iron shoes" just for the screen. Because placing a beautiful screen at home is like putting a veil on a dignified woman, which can add a bit of elegance and charm. Chinese-style screens are elegant and gorgeous. Chinese-style screens are the most common ones on the market, and their prices vary greatly depending on the wood used, carving techniques, size, etc. Cheap ones only cost a few hundred yuan, while high-quality ones cost a lot. Chinese screens give people a gorgeous and elegant feeling. Various patterns are carved on the screens. Under the skillful hands of craftsmen, flowers, birds, insects, fish, characters, etc. are lifelike. If you like the elegance and beauty of Chinese furniture, then Chinese screens are undoubtedly a good match. Of course, even if the home style is not based on Chinese design, you can still choose Chinese screens. The coordination of different design elements may bring unexpected effects. The design style that is closer to the Chinese screen is the Japanese screen, which is also known for its elegant and generous design. The patterns of traditional Japanese screens are also based on historical stories, characters, plants, etc., and most of them are meticulous paintings. In terms of color, soft tones such as gold, gray, and white are often used, but authentic Japanese screens are difficult to find on the market. Stylish screens are highly decorative. Stylishly designed screens can sometimes even attract more attention than the furniture placed in front of them. This type of screen is very bold and novel in both material and design. In terms of material selection, those heavy materials are often abandoned and replaced by transparent and soft materials. According to reports, in the past, screens mainly played the role of separating spaces, but now more emphasis is placed on the decorative side of screens. Thin screens not only maintain good ventilation and light transmittance in the space, but also create the effect of "separation without separation". In terms of color, compared with traditional black, white, gray and other colors, it is more colorful. Jumping red, bright yellow, bright green, etc. are all popular colors. In terms of patterns, it is even more dizzying. If it's hard to make a choice, geometric, floral, and solid colors will never go out of style no matter when you adopt them. If you find this type of eye-catching design difficult to match, you might as well refer to several of the designer’s demonstration works. The pink sofa bed, mahogany coffee table, and blooming flowers, all these gorgeous things are incomparable to the red screen behind the sofa bed. The delicate furnishings may be more suitable for ladies. The design of the simple solid wood bed draws on the traditional Chinese bed frame design and incorporates Western-style animal pattern bed covers, making it attractive and fashionable. This design that combines Chinese and Western styles matches the hanging screen hanging next to the bed. It is bright yellow and black, and the simple style is jumpy but not fancy. It has a chic taste. This design is more suitable for men's taste.

In addition, some designers also install several bags of different sizes on the screen, so that magazines, newspapers and other items can be placed there, which is simple and practical. It is said that this style of screen was immediately loved by young people as soon as it was launched on the market. It seems that the beauty of the screen makes the home look more beautiful.

xiexie

1. The origin of the screen

Wu Yuan said: "Yu made the screen." Although this theory is early, there is no evidence to prove it. "Three Rites Pictures" says, "The name of the screen comes from the Han Dynasty, so Ban Gu's books talk about it." Although this theory is well-founded, there are earlier records. "Historical Records: Biography of Lord Mengchang" contains the record that "Mr. Mengchang would sit and talk to his guests while he was waiting for guests, and there would always be attendants behind the screen to record what he said to his guests." This shows that the name of the screen already existed during the Warring States Period. The use of screens began as early as the early Western Zhou Dynasty. However, there was no name for the screen at that time, and it was called "Di" or "". "Zhou Rites; Tomb Zai; Zhang Ci": "Set up the imperial residence." The residence refers to the screen. The imperial residence is a screen decorated with painted phoenix patterns. The screen can also be called "" or "seat", which refers specifically to the screen set up behind the throne. "Shangshu; Gu Ming": "Di set up the embroidered clothes." "Book of Rites": "The emperor set up an ax between the doors and windows." Zheng Xuan noted: "Yi, now the silk screen is also decorated with embroidered ax patterns. "" Han Shu; Yan Zhu Zhuan": "Fu Yi" "Shigu Notes": "The white and black paintings are called Fu Ye, and the shape of the painting is like a screen. Use the embroidery pattern to hang it between the doors and windows. "In Volume 8 of "Three Rituals", Si Jiyan said: "In several major dynasties, when the feudal lords were entrusted with the country, they would set up embroidered embroideries (the same as axes). ). "It is made of wood as a frame, and is made of crimson silk, with an ax pattern painted on it. The area near the blade is white and the area near the ridge is black. It's called the Golden Ax, which means golden ax to cut. The old picture cloud is eight feet in length and width, and the ax has no handle, which means that it is set up but not used. In fact, it not only has the function of shielding and blocking the wind, but is also a very elegant furnishing. By the Warring States Period, screen production had reached a high artistic level. Although the lacquer sitting screen unearthed from the Chu tomb of the Warring States Period in Xinyang, Henan is a burial artifact, its production skills and craftsmanship are astonishingly high. The screen base is made up of several bent and coiled dragons. The workmanship is smooth and natural, and decorated with colorful paint, the dragons are lifelike.

2. Screens in the Han Dynasty

In the Han Dynasty, the use of screens was more common, and wealthy and status people all had screens. According to "Xijing Miscellanies": "When Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty was the crown prince, he established the Sixian Courtyard to welcome guests. There are six halls in the garden, and the guesthouses are all spacious and high-rise, with beautiful screens and curtains."

< p>The types and forms of screens in the Han Dynasty were somewhat improved compared to those of the previous generation. In addition to single-fan screens, there were also curved screens with multiple panels, also known as continuous screens or stacked-fan screens. At this time, screens were often used in conjunction with beds. For example, the screen with Han portrait stones in Zhucheng, Shandong has matching beds and mattresses placed in the middle. There are those with two sides and three sides, and there are also those with multiple fans and two sides. For double use, one fan is placed behind the bed, and the other fan is folded at a right angle to block one end of the bed. For three-sided use, there is a fan behind the bed, with a fan on the left and right surrounding the two ends. There are also multiple fans on both sides, that is, the back is surrounded by two or three fans, one folded at a right angle and the other standing on one side of the bed. There are also weapons racks installed on the screens. For example, on the screen on the portrait stone in Anqiu, Shandong, a weapons rack is installed on the right side of the back to place swords and other weapons. There is another fan, which is placed behind the back and is as long as the bed. For example, the mural screen of the Eastern Han Dynasty tomb in Helinger, Gansu Province is not high and is a small screen.

Among the objects unearthed in recent years, the lacquer screen unearthed from the Mawangdui Tomb in Changsha is the most typical. The screen has a black surface and a red back. The front is painted with a cloud and dragon pattern, green body and red scales, and the body is vivid and natural. The vermilion ground on the back is covered with light green prismatic geometric patterns, with a jade jade with a grain pattern in the center, and the surrounding panels are surrounded by wider prismatic colorful edges. Two notched wooden supports are installed under the lower frame to ensure that the screen body is upright. The pottery screen unearthed from the Western Han Tomb in Jian, Luoyang, also belongs to this category.

Screens are generally used indoors, and occasionally used outdoors, but rarely. There is a larger screen, which is specially designed to block the door. Its position is relatively fixed, and it is called "tree". Some people also call the screen "block door" or "xiao wall". "Erya; Shigong": "The screen is called a tree." "Book of Rites; Miscellaneous Notes": "The tree is a screen. The screen should be set up to cover the road between the inside and outside." "The emperor screens outside, and the princes inside "Screen." Zheng Xuan noted: "The screen is called the tree, which is now the screen." It can be seen that the screen at that time was also called the screen.

The name of Fu has been around for a long time, but it was only until Wang Mang that he gradually stopped hearing about it. At that time, people mostly interpreted Fu as "reflection".

After Wang Mang usurped power, he changed the country's name to "Xin" and ordered the dismantling of the Han Tombs. The purpose was to make people no longer think about the Han Dynasty.

Most of the screens used indoors are made of wood, while not many outdoor screens are made of wood. In order to withstand wind and rain erosion, they are often built with earth and stone. The function is the same as the screen wall and photo wall we see today. Cui Bao of Jin Dynasty recorded in "Annotations on Ancient and Modern Times": "罘 is the portrait of the screen, and it is also familiar with the house outside the door. When a minister comes to court the king, he should leave his house outside the door, so that he can become more familiar with the things to be dealt with." This means that people are familiar with the things to deal with. When you reach the outside of the screen, stop for a moment and think again. There is a screen here. Once you get around the screen, you have to respond politely and have no time to think. Therefore, when a screen is set up on the door, firstly, it can block wind and light, secondly, it can increase indoor furnishings, and thirdly, it can mark a special area for visitors and give people a place to think and prepare.

During the Han Dynasty, screens were mostly made of wooden boards and painted. After the invention of paper, paper paste was often used, with various images of immortals and animals painted on it. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty; Song Hong Biography" says: "Hong Dangyan saw him, sitting on a new screen, drawing pictures of women, and the emperor looked at them. Hong Zhengrong said: 'If I don't see anyone who loves virtue as much as lust, the emperor will withdraw him.'" This kind of screen is generally composed of multiple leaves, each of which is connected with buttons. It can be folded and is relatively lightweight. It can be set up when in use and put away when not in use. It is called Quping. Four fans are called four tunes, and six fans are called six tunes. There are also multiple panoramic screens that are put together.

Screens also have carved holes. A wooden carved and lacquered screen was unearthed from a Chu tomb in Xinyang, Henan. This kind of screen is mostly made of wood, with a strong three-dimensional pattern carved in the middle. It is a purely decorative screen. In the Han Dynasty, this kind of screen was still very popular. "Sanfu Juelu" records: "He Chang was the prefect of Runan, and Emperor Zhang visited the county south. There was a carved screen, which was built for the emperor."

There is also a smaller screen called "Sitting apart", most of them are single-fan plain noodles. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" has a description of this kind of screen: "When Zheng Hong was the Taiwei, he raised his younger brother Wu Lun to be Sikong. When I was in the next class, every time I saw him in court at Zhengshuo, Hong Qu bowed and humbled himself. When he asked the superior, he knew the reason, and then he listened. "Three Kingdoms; Wu Shu" records: "During the reign of Emperor Jing, Ji Liang was the minister, and Zi Zhi was the minister. During each court meeting, a screen was used to separate the seats." These two records can help us. Learn more about how screens were used at the time.

3. Screens from the Wei and Jin Dynasties to the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties

From the Wei and Jin Dynasties to the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, the use of screens was more common than in the previous generations. Not only are screens furnished in living rooms, but small screens are also attached to the sides of mats and beds used daily. This kind of screen usually has three leaves, and the screen frames are connected with buttons. When people sit down, they open the screen and stand one on the left, one on the right and one on the back. The use of screens at that time can also be seen in Gu Kaizhi's "Biography of Women" of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The screen in the picture has three leaves, depicting a panoramic view of the landscape. This kind of three-leaf screen does not need to install an additional base. Just open one of the screens and it can stand upright. At this time, the screen, in addition to serving as a display, more importantly served as a shield from the wind. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, such screens began to develop into taller ones, and their number continued to increase. "Southern History; Biography of Wang Yuanru": "The screen is bent according to the custom, and Liang Xiaozi flew up the cloud to write the twelve ultimatums on the screen." The main feature of the folding screen is that it is light and flexible, but the single-leaf screen is not. It is wide and heavy, and it must have a heavier It must be supported by a vertical wooden base, otherwise it cannot stand upright. Because of its stability, its position in the interior furnishings is relatively fixed.

During the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, calligraphy and painting screens were popular, and they were repeatedly recorded in history books and paintings at that time. "New Book of Tang; Biography of Wei Zheng" contains: "The emperor used the flags as barriers." "New Book of Tang; Biography of Li Jiang" records: "Li Jiang became a bachelor in the second year of Yuanhe, and Xianzong ordered him to communicate with Cui Qun and Qian Hui, Wei Hongjing, Bai Juyi, etc., searched for fifty kinds of successes and failures of emperors and ministers, which were linked to the screen. "In the fourth year of the old era, there were fourteen chapters on the imperial affairs of the emperor and ministers, written on six screens." There are pictures on the surface, so you can display them as you like. This is not the case with one side, so it can only be displayed against the wall. This kind of connected screens is not limited in quantity and can be added as needed. Ning Taohu said in "Qing Yi Lu" that during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Meng Zhixiang of the Later Shu Dynasty made seventy paintings on the screen.

4. Screens in the Song, Liao, Jin, and Yuan Dynasties

There is very little information about the plans of the screens in the Song Dynasty, but there is a lot of information about their images. For example, the screen in the Song Dynasty painting "The Picture of Qingxia in the Shadow" has wider sides, with inner frames inlaid inside the frame. It is divided into several grids with dwarfs and crossbars. The panels within the grids are embossed with tapestry, and the center of the screen depicts landscapes. The screen is inlaid with skirt boards, with carved curved edge vertical lattice, and wooden piers underneath. The screen in Li Gonglin's "Gao Hui Studying the Qin" is of the same type as the screen in Fan Zhongyan's portrait.

It has a wide frame and a plain surface without any decoration. The pot door hole is cut out on the skirt board, and there are brackets on both sides. The base and the screen frame are made of one piece of wood. Judging from the pictures, they are all scenes used outdoors. It is speculated that this type of screen is made of paper and silk and is not too heavy.

The use of screens is also reflected in the tombs of the Song Dynasty. The mural "Sitting Opposite" from a Song Dynasty tomb in Yu County, Henan Province depicts the tomb owner and his wife sitting opposite each other and drinking tea. The two people sit on back chairs separately, with a screen behind them. This kind of display is mainly to show the status and identity of the owner. The screen is small in shape and has a single fan. Judging from the proportions of the characters in the picture, the height is roughly the same as that of a standing person. It is probably a lightweight thing that can be used anywhere.

The image of the larger screen should be represented by the Song Dynasty's "White Drawing of a Master". The center of the screen is a single fan. Judging from the proportion of the characters in the picture, it is huge. The wooden frame has a wide rhombus-shaped border, and the center of the screen is fully decorated with six-sided tortoise-back brocade, which is much longer than the Kang couch in front of the screen. The screen in the "Arhat Picture" by Liu Songnian of the Song Dynasty has three leaves. The middle leaf is slightly larger and the side leaves are slightly narrower. They are folded forward at a certain angle, forming an "eight" shape, and can stand upright on their own. Such physical materials include the statue of the Virgin in the painted sculptures of Jinci Temple in Datong, Shanxi. The Virgin sits on a throne with a phoenix pattern, and behind her are three screens with sea water patterns. The front fan of the screen is wide, and the two side fans are slightly narrower and slightly pulled forward, forming an "eight" shape. This display form originated from the "axe Yi" in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. Until the Ming and Qing Dynasties, this form was still retained in the imperial palace.

There are also examples in archaeological excavations. The Song Dynasty stone screen unearthed in Nancheng County, Henan Province is very typical. There are thin lines around the screen frame and rungs at the bottom for additional reinforcement. Plain surface, with tenons underneath. Judging from the shape, it belongs to the same category as the screen behind the owner of the mural tomb of the Song Dynasty in Yu County, Henan. Under the crossbar, there are flowers carved on both sides, one side is carved with small flowers and pomegranate patterns, and the other side is carved with entangled hibiscus flowers. Two wooden screens were unearthed from the Golden Tomb in Datong, Shanxi. They are made of poplar wood, with a total height of 116 cm, a base height of 38.7 cm, and a screen width of 38.3 cm. It consists of a moiré base and a rectangular screen frame. A square frame was installed inside the frame, and damask was pasted on both sides. Then writing and painting were done. Only fragments remain. There are two screen bases installed under the screen frame. There is an opening in the middle of the base. The screen can be inserted into the mouth to stand upright. Four stone pedestals were unearthed from Song tombs in Yandianzhuang Village, Nancheng, Henan. The patterns on both sides are rolled up and there is a rectangular gap in the middle. It is 9.5 centimeters high. The purpose of the screen was not specified in the excavation report. Comparing the Jin Dynasty wooden screen with the base of the pottery screen unearthed from the Yuan Dynasty Wang Qing Tomb in Baima River, Datong, Shanxi, it can be concluded that it was a base specially designed for erecting screens. The screens painted on the murals of Yu Yin's tomb in Gaotang and Jin Dynasties in Shandong are also decorated with exquisite peony patterns.

In addition to the Yuan Dynasty screens unearthed from Wang Qing’s tomb, there is also a wooden shadow screen unearthed from Feng Daozhen’s tomb in Datong City. The base has decayed. From the remaining traces, it can be seen that it is a cloud-head pedestal. Small squares are carved on the upper part of the screen. The lattice window is surrounded by four strips. The lower part of the screen is divided into three grids by two bars. It is painted with dark brown paint and covered with tung oil.

The shape and decoration of screens in the Song Dynasty, especially the method of dividing small grids within the screen frame, were still commonly used in the Ming Dynasty.

5. Screens of the Ming and Qing Dynasties

Before the Song Dynasty, screens were basically practical, followed by decoration. By the Ming Dynasty, screens were not only practical furniture, but also indispensable indoor decorations. Ming Dynasty screens can be divided into two types: seat screens and curved screens. The screen is divided into multi-leaf combination and single-leaf screen. Multi-seat screens are composed of multiple leaves, either three, five, or up to nine, all with odd numbers. Each fan is connected with movable tenons and can be disassembled at any time. There are long mortise pins under the screen, which are inserted into the holes in the seat surface. The base is mostly in the shape of an "eight". The middle fan is taller and slightly wider, and the fans on both sides are slightly pulled inward, so that the screen stands upright