What are the characteristics of grapefruit?

Pomelo, alias: pomelo, snow pomelo, also known as Wendan and Xiangpao, commonly known as reunion fruit, is a mature fruit of Rutaceae evergreen fruit tree pomelo, also known as Piao, Zhuluan, Leipomero, Qikan, Wendan and so on. Among many autumn fruits, grapefruit is the largest, generally above 1 kg. It ripens around August 15th of the lunar calendar every year, with thick skin and storage resistance. Generally, it can be preserved for three months without losing its fragrance, so it is called "canned natural fruit". Grapefruit is round and symbolizes reunion, so it is also the fruit of Mid-Autumn Festival. More importantly, the word "pomelo" of pomelo is homophonic with the word "you" of blessing. Pomelo means "you" and is considered to have auspicious meaning.

Traditional Chinese medicine believes that grapefruit is sweet, sour and cold, and has the functions of invigorating stomach, promoting digestion, reducing qi and resolving phlegm, and being light and happy. Modern medical research has found that grapefruit meat is rich in vitamin C and insulin-like components, so it has the effects of lowering blood sugar, reducing blood fat, losing weight and beauty beauty. Regular consumption helps to treat diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and arteriosclerosis. It has the functions of strengthening body constitution and beauty beauty for obese people.

Grapefruit also has the effects of invigorating stomach, moistening lung, enriching blood, clearing intestine and relaxing bowels. It can promote wound healing and has a good auxiliary effect on septicemia. In addition, grapefruit contains glucocorticoid, a physiologically active substance, which can reduce blood viscosity and reduce the formation of thrombosis, so it also has a good preventive effect on cerebrovascular diseases, such as cerebral thrombosis and stroke. Fresh pomelo meat is an ideal food for diabetic patients because it contains insulin-like components.

Origin: The history of cultivating pomelo trees in China is very long, as far back as the Zhou and Qin Dynasties BC. Now it has been cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Zhejiang and Sichuan. Now it is cultivated in many countries and regions in Southeast Asia except China. The United States, Cuba, South Africa, Brazil, Argentina and Japan are also the main producing areas of grapefruit. Therefore, grapefruit can be regarded as one of the most popular fruits in the world.

Nutrition: Grapefruit contains sugar, vitamin B 1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, vitamin P, carotene, potassium, phosphorus, citric acid and so on. The main components of pomelo peel are naringin, neohesperidin, etc. The pomelo core contains fatty oil, cortex phellodendri, cortex phellodendri lactone, etc. Grapefruit is rich in nutrition. The edible part per100g contains 84.8g of water, 0.7g of protein, 0.6g of fat, 0.2g of carbohydrate/kloc-0, 0.8g of crude fiber, 4 1 mg of calcium, 43mg of phosphorus, 0.9mg of iron and 0./kloc of carotene.

Dietotherapy and health care: grapefruit is fragrant, sweet and sour, cool and moist, rich in nutrition and high in medicinal value. It is one of the precious fruits that people like to eat. Chinese medicine believes that grapefruit pulp is cold, sweet and sour, and has the medical functions of relieving cough and asthma, clearing away heat and resolving phlegm, invigorating spleen and promoting digestion, and relieving alcoholism and vexation; Pomelo peel, also known as orange peel, is warm, bitter and pungent in nature, and has the functions of regulating qi and resolving phlegm, invigorating spleen and promoting digestion, dispelling cold and drying dampness; Pomelo is the seed of pomelo, which contains cortex phellodendri, cortex phellodendri lactone, deacetylated milin and so on. , also contains fatty oil, inorganic salts, protein, crude fiber, etc. Its efficacy is similar to that of orange pit, and it is mainly used for hernia; Grapefruit leaves, containing volatile oil, have anti-inflammatory, analgesic and diuretic effects.

Dietotherapy prescription: 1, treating cough and asthma in the elderly. Ingredients: grapefruit peel. Method: Use boiled water instead of tea. 2, the treatment of lung heat cough. Ingredients: grapefruit100g, Sheng Da pear100g, a little honey. Methods: The above materials were washed and boiled together, and then mixed with honey or rock sugar. 3, the treatment of phlegm and cough. Ingredients: grapefruit, wine and honey. Method: Peel and core grapefruit, slice it and soak it in wine for one night. Boil it in water, mix it with honey and swallow it all the time. 4. Treat chilblain. Ingredients: 50 grams of grapefruit peel. Methods: After decoction, soak the chilblain parts with it several times a day. 5, treat headaches. Ingredients: pomelo leaves and scallion are equal. Methods: Mash them together and stick them on the temples. 6. Treat joint pain. Ingredients: 20g of grapefruit leaves, 20g of ginger and 20g of tung oil. Methods: Mash them and apply them to the painful place. 7. Treat indigestion. Materials: grapefruit peel 15g, endothelium corneum gigeriae galli 10g, hawthorn 10g and Amomum villosum 5g. Method: decoct in water. 8. Treat acute mastitis. Ingredients: 200 grams of pomelo meat, 50 grams of green tangerine peel and 30 grams of dandelion. Method: decoct in water. 8, people who often catch a cold, cough, asthma, you can use a fresh pomelo to peel and core, with 50 grams of Zhengbei apricot, Fritillaria, tremella, and add a few bottles of honey to stew for a day, which can strengthen the lungs.

However, eating grapefruit is also taboo. People who have diarrhea due to spleen deficiency will have diarrhea after eating grapefruit. Grapefruit can't be taken with some medicines. Clinical observation shows that taking a lovastatin with a glass of grapefruit juice in patients with hyperlipidemia is equivalent to taking 12~l5 lovastatin with a glass of water, which will lead to muscle pain and even kidney disease. Some patients may have dizziness, palpitation, arrhythmia, etc. if they eat grapefruit or drink grapefruit juice during taking the antiallergic drug Terfenadine, and in severe cases, they may die suddenly.

Tips for purchasing: there are generally two links in purchasing grapefruit: "smell" and "knock" smell, that is, smell the aroma, cook the sleeves, and the fragrance is rich; Knocking, that is, pressing and knocking the skin of the fruit, whether the skin is depressed or not, the quality of the depressed and inelastic fruit is poor. Listen to the sound when you knock and distinguish the quality of the fruit. It is best to choose a standard grapefruit with a sharp top and a wide bottom. The skin must be thin and smooth and light green or yellow in color. It would be better if it looked soft and juicy. The grapefruit just picked doesn't taste the best. It is best to leave it indoors for a few days, usually two weeks, until the moisture of the fruit gradually evaporates, and then the sweetness is improved and the taste is more delicious.

Guanxi honey pomelo is native to Pinghe County, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province. It is a famous product for cultivating grapefruit.

Main features: Guanxi honey pomelo is a subtropical evergreen small arbor fruit tree with a round crown, strong growth, drooping branches, dense branches, large oval leaves and no irritating taste after kneading. Young trees can shoot branches 4-5 times a year with sufficient fertilizer and water, and the spring shoots are the fruiting mother branches. The flower buds of Guanxi honey pomelo are in September-65438+February, middle and late March, the flowering period is around mid-April, and the fruit ripens in 65438+1late October. The growth and development of Guanxi honey pomelo need good ecological conditions: the annual average temperature is about 265438 0.2℃, and the soil PH value is between 4.8 and 5.5, so it is not suitable for shading. Suitable for planting in hilly and mountainous areas with gentle terrain in the southeast. Guanxi honey pomelo is large, 1500-2000g, oval or pear-shaped; The fruit surface is light yellow and the skin is thin; The pulp is soft, juicy and dreg-rich, sweet and sour, and there are few or no seeds. Every 100ml fruit juice contains 9.17-1.6g sugar, 0.73- 1.0g acid, 48.93-5 1.98mg vitamin C and/kloc. The edible part is about 68%, and the fruit is ripe and high-yielding from late September to early October/kloc-0.

Key points of cultivation: Young trees can shoot branches 4-5 times a year with sufficient fertilizer and water, and the spring shoots are the fruiting mother branches. Guanxi honey pomelo has good ecological conditions for growth and development, and is suitable for planting in low-altitude hilly and mountainous areas with gentle terrain in the southeast. Young trees are mainly applied with sufficient fertilizer to promote the growth of shoots. Fruit trees with a yield of more than 50Kg per plant should master N: P2O5: K2O: Cao: MgO =1:0.54 ~ 0.59: 0.96 ~1.05:1.33 ~1.37: 0.24 ~. The high grafting and early fruiting of mandarin oranges improve the cold resistance and fruit two years earlier than young trees. Guanxi honey pomelo has strong dryness, so it can be opened with large upright branches, with side windows on the upper periphery and small windows on the lower fruiting branches. Pay attention to cutting off dense branches, upright branches and vigorous branches. Young trees grow very vigorously, so reasonable girdling (stripping) is needed to promote their early production. The first girdling took place at the base of the main branch with flowers,165438+1early October to 65438+mid-February.

Evaluation: Guanxi honey pomelo has the advantages of large seedless fruit, high quality, strong adaptability, high yield and good commodity, which can be described as the best among pomelo. However, special attention should be paid to prevent the spread of canker in development, and this variety has the disadvantage of internal cracking.

It is said that high-quality grapefruit was specially planted as a tribute to the Qing emperor.

The world's four famous pomelo, Wendan pomelo, Pingshan pomelo, Shatian pomelo and Siam pomelo. In addition, there are Qiangdele pomelo, Guanxi honey pomelo, Longdu Zaoxiang pomelo, Beibei honey pomelo and local excellent early-maturing variety Dongshizao.

Pomelo

Shatian pomelo (Golden Pomelo) originated in Shatian, Rong County, Guangxi. The tree is stout, with 1~2-year-old branches stout and upright, pear-shaped or gourd-shaped fruit, single fruit weighing 500 ~1500g, crisp pulp, white or shrimp color, thick and sweet taste and excellent quality. The edible rate of fruit is 40 ~ 60%, the fruit juice content is 30 ~ 40%, and the total acid content is 0.3 ~ 0.6 g and vitamin C 100 ~ 200 mg per 100 ml. The fruit ripens in early 10 to mid 10. There are many kinds of Shatian pomelo. At present, soft and hard branches are widely used for cultivation. Soft branch fruit is small, pear-shaped, juicy and of good quality. This variety has the characteristics of early maturity, high and stable yield. Hard branch fruit is big, gourd-shaped, with less juice and high yield, but it is easy to bear fruit in different years.

Yuhuan Wendan pomelo

Originally from Yuhuan County, Zhejiang Province. Strong growth potential, large fruit, single fruit weight 1250~2000 grams, the maximum can reach more than 3500 grams, crisp meat, fragrant. No nuclear or few nuclear, good quality. The edible rate is 60 ~ 65%, the acid content of 100 ml fruit juice is 0.8 ~ 1.0 g, and vitamin C is 50 ~ 60 mg. The fruit ripens from June to mid-June. There are two kinds of pomelo: flat cone and high cone. The former has high yield, but the fruit cracking is heavier. The fruit of the latter has a small stele and hardly cracks. This variety has strong growth potential, high yield, large fruit, bright color, rich aroma, no seeds or few seeds, and excellent quality.