How to treat fundus diseases?

As a rapid and low-cost treatment method, laser therapy is based on the principle of destroying retinal pigment epithelial cells and photoreceptors and turning them into scar tissue. This can not only reduce the oxygen consumption of retina, prevent the formation of retinal neovascularization, but also promote the regression of retinal neovascularization; It can also reduce the thickness of vascular-retinal barrier and increase the oxygen supply of choroid to retina.

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy (recommended)

Anti-VEGF therapy is a first-line treatment, which can effectively inhibit angiogenesis, reduce vascular leakage and eliminate tissue edema, thus achieving the purpose of improving vision. At present, the main anti-VEGF drugs used in clinic are rezumab, arbasip and combasip.

Photodynamic therapy

PDT is an intravenous photosensitive drug (such as vidipofen), which makes the photosensitive drug work under the action of laser, destroys new blood vessels and delays the speed of vision decline. However, this method has some obvious side effects, such as photosensitive phenomenon (skin is irradiated by sunlight after treatment, causing skin burns), pain, swelling, bleeding or inflammation at the injection site.

Thermal laser coagulation

Laser irradiation of new blood vessels will cause tissue damage of new blood vessels and prevent further decline of vision. The short-term disadvantage is that there will be a dark spot in the treatment area of retina after treatment, and this dark spot can not be recovered; In addition, new blood vessels are easy to relapse after treatment. This method can not be used for neovascularization in macular fovea, and usually requires combined anti-VEGF therapy.

Transpupillary thermotherapy

In mydriatic hyperthermia, infrared laser is used to irradiate the lesion area, which increases the temperature and destroys the neovascular tissue, and has little effect on the irradiated retina, which is beneficial to preserving the visual function, but the disadvantage is that the neovascularization is easy to recur.

Macular surgery

Some cases (such as macular hemorrhage) may need surgical treatment, but the therapeutic effect needs further evaluation. Previous surgical methods: surgical resection of neovascularization, macular transposition and intraocular radiation therapy.

In short, ophthalmologists will choose the appropriate treatment plan according to the individual situation of patients, so as to achieve the purpose of improving vision.