Please! ! ! High school Chinese poetry appreciation main test center!

First, the basic strategy of answering questions

1. Grasp the title, refer to the content, and define the category and center.

2. Capture the image, form a picture, and get a preliminary understanding of the image characteristics.

3. Review the questions, make clear the requirements, and accurately locate (test objects: content, method, language; Local, whole).

Second, the basic examination content and the corresponding answer points

(1) means of expression (means, skills, artistic techniques and how to describe feelings)

1. Lyric expression:

(1) direct lyricism (direct expression of feelings) (2) indirect lyricism-lyric by scenery, expressing meaning by things (folding willows, climbing mountains, leaning against columns, using allusions), symbolizing, setting off, comparing, combining reality with reality, writing on the other side, and competing; Zhang Xianzhi, pawn.

2. Description (scenery writing) methods-contrast, rendering, setting off, movement, contrast, personification, exaggeration, positive and reality.

(2) Contents:

Direction: What kind of artistic atmosphere is created and what kind of thoughts and feelings are expressed (pictures, scenery, thoughts and feelings).

Answer process: describe the scene (never translate the original sentence)-grasp the characteristics of the scene (scenery, bleak, desolate, lonely, full of vitality, etc. )-Distinguish feelings according to the scene and grasp thoughts and feelings (pay attention to the consistency or relativity of the scene)

(3) Language:

Content of the question: language characteristics, language style and language art.

Answer direction: fresh and elegant, plain and natural, bright and simple, flowery in rhetoric, euphemistic and implicit, concise and concise, depressed and frustrated, majestic and dignified, using spoken English more often, and understanding as words.

(4) Comprehensive questions:

1. appreciate a sentence or a sentence; The function of a word or the reason for using it; What's good about a word;

Answer direction: content-the picture described by this word or sentence (or the emotion expressed and the truth expounded); Expression effect-often the effect of scenery description on emotional expression; If you use specific performance skills, such as metaphor, personification, foil, etc. , write down the method used. Namely: what method was used, what content was written, and what role was played.

2. Poetic eyes (words or characters that can best express emotional meaning and spiritual connotation in poetry); Poetry bone (the sentence that is in the core position and plays the role of commander-in-chief) analyzes the content of each poem sentence by sentence, and analyzes how it develops around "poetry eye" and "poetry bone"

Third, the basic characteristics of all kinds of poems

(A) nostalgia for ancient poetry

The memory of ancient poetry is generally the memory of ancient people and things. Poetry about history often distorts historical facts and reality, or regrets personal experience or criticizes social reality. For example, Su Shi's "Niannujiao Red Cliff Nostalgia" laments personal experience, the contradiction between ideal and reality, and achieves nothing in his career. Xin Qiji's Ode to Yule, Jingkou Gu Beiting and Nostalgia expressed his dissatisfaction with the imperial court's drag out an ignoble existence and attacked the social reality. There are also poems about history, which only reflect and evaluate history calmly and rationally, or just describe it objectively. The poet's own experience is not among them, and the poet's feelings are just the sound outside the painting. For example, Liu Yuxi's Wuyi Lane compares the past and the present, expressing the poet's sense of historical vicissitudes.

The appreciation of epic poems should first understand historical facts and allusions, then understand intentions and feelings, and finally taste techniques.

1. Official symbol: The title contains the names of historic sites and ancient people, or takes "Yong" as the front, or adds "homesickness" and "Yong Huai" after historic sites and ancient people.

2. Content features: ① Express the ambition to make contributions like the ancients and express the memory of the ancients; (2) Expressing the feelings of prosperity in the past and the decline of the present, implying dissatisfaction and even criticism of reality, and satirizing the present with the ancient; (3) When worrying about the country and the people, expose the fatuity and decay of the rulers and sympathize with the sufferings of the lower classes, but it depends on the future and destiny of the country and the nation. (4) lament the passage of time, ambition is hard to pay.

(2) Poems about objects

1. The characteristics of object-chanting poems:

In terms of content, take something as the object of description and describe it by grasping certain characteristics. Ideologically, it is often to express one's wishes. From things to people, from reality to nothingness, write spiritual character. Commonly used metaphor, symbol, personification and contrast. (1) takes image as the theme; (2) chanting (topic, gift, praise)+object.

2. Content characteristics:

Express your ambition by chanting things, and express your ambition or quality by chanting things; Or express your thoughts on life and evaluation of personnel.

3. Analysis Angle:

When appreciating, we should emphasize the similarity between things and people (the combination of things and me) (2) what ambition.

(3) writing landscape poems

Xie Lingyun in the Southern Dynasty created landscape poetry, Tao Yuanming in the Eastern Jin Dynasty created pastoral poetry, and in the Tang Dynasty, the school of landscape pastoral poetry represented by Wang Wei and Meng Haoran appeared. Landscape pastoral poetry is good at describing natural scenery, pastoral scenery and comfortable seclusion life, with meaningful and beautiful poetic landscape, quiet and elegant style and clear and elegant language. This kind of poetry is often lyrical in the scenery, lyrical in the scenery, and the writing is often sketched and set off.

1. Content scope: general landscape poems and pastoral poems;

2. Writing characteristics: lyrical by scenery, with feelings in scenery;

3. Analysis points: the characteristics of scenery;

4. Landscape pastoral poetry can live: ① living in seclusion and loving landscapes; ② Depicting the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers and loving the motherland; (3) I hate the darkness of officialdom, express my carefree mood, and express my noble character of never colluding with others.

(4) War poems

Poems about frontier fortress and war have existed since the pre-Qin period and developed into the Tang Dynasty. Because of the frequent wars, the rulers value martial arts over literature, and it is easier for literati to win fame and fortune by inviting the border court than the imperial examination. In addition, in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, frontier poems with magnificent feelings developed greatly, forming a new school of poetry, with representatives such as Gao Shi, Cen Can and Wang Changling.

1. Official symbol: the words "blockade", "levy" and "army" appear in the title; There are also some old Yuefu poems, such as Liangzhou Ci, Youth Travel, Guan Shanyue and Joining the Army.

2. Basic theme: the desire to establish a career; The determination to defend the country; The pain of mountains and rivers falling; Homesickness living in the border for a long time; The hardships of life beyond the Great Wall and the tragic battles of successive years; Anger that there is no way to serve the country and sorrow that there is no hope of returning home.

3. Analysis focus: To appreciate frontier fortress poems, we should combine the author's life thoughts and the specific time of poetry creation, appreciate what the poet wrote in the poems and what kind of emotions he expressed, and pay attention to the scenery with frontier fortress characteristics and the events and psychology with war characteristics.

(5) Travel poems and in my heart forever's poems.

The ancient people's long-term exile, long-term wandering, or long-term guarding the border will always cause strong homesickness and homesickness, so there are many such poems. They either write about their nostalgia for a trip, or their thoughts about their relatives and friends, or their homesickness, or their thoughts about being pregnant in the boudoir. In writing, I feel emotional about the scene, the moon (Mid-Autumn Festival, Chongyang Ascending, Spring Sorrow, Returning Home at Sunset), or lyrical about things (moon, geese, flute and willow), or lyrical about dreams, or lyrical about wonderful metaphors. To appreciate this kind of poetry, we should determine the emotional category on the basis of overall perception; Grasping the image and constructing the picture; Grasp the key words and appreciate the artistic features.

Travel poems: mainly express the hardships and loneliness of travelers, as well as the thoughts of their hometown and relatives.

In my heart forever's poems: First, express women's longing for their husbands who went abroad to fight in the war, express their disgust at the war or encourage their husbands to make contributions; The second is to express the thoughts of her husband who is far away from home, and express the tenderness and sadness of women; The third is to express the resentment of women in the palace against the situation of being imprisoned and left out, and to express their yearning for a free and happy life.

(6) Farewell poems

In ancient times, due to inconvenient transportation and underdeveloped communication, it was often difficult for relatives and friends to meet for several years, so the ancients paid special attention to parting. On the occasion of parting, people often set up wine farewell parties, fold willows to send them away, and sometimes sing poems to bid farewell, so parting has become an eternal theme of ancient literati. Because everyone's situation is different, the specific content and ideological tendency written in farewell poems are often different. Some express their feelings of parting directly, some express their feelings by spitting out the anger in their chests or expressing their wishes, some focus on the pain of parting without hating, some focus on persuasion, encouragement and comfort, and some have both.

1. Official symbol: there are words such as "send" or "don't" in the title;

2. Basic theme: reluctant memories; Affectionate encouragement; Confessions of Chen Xinzhi; Imagination, worry and yearning for friends in the afterlife.

3. Emotional color: attachment and reluctance-deep and sad, sad and melancholy; Comfort and wishes-broad-minded, energetic and optimistic.