Record the information of Jinhua Shuanglong Cave

According to the order of the tour, the author wrote down the experiences on the road, the outer hole, the entrance from the outer hole to the inner hole, and the situation of getting out of the hole by boat, and wrote down the beautiful scenery on the road, the singing of the stream, the spacious outer hole, the narrow pores at the junction of the inner and outer holes, and the "black, strange and big" inner hole, which showed the wonders and beauty of nature to readers. The structure of the full text is rigorous, the content arrangement is seamless and orderly, and two clues (one is the order of the tour and the other is the route through which the spring water flows) blend organically throughout; Careful observation, vivid description, distinctive scenery characteristics; The narrative is detailed and rough, describing the characteristics of pores and internal caves in detail, highlighting the characteristics of Shuanglong Cave. Understanding the characteristics of outer hole, small hole and inner hole, and implementing the key training items of "prioritizing" are the focus of this course. It is difficult to feel the narrowness of pores in teaching.

The purpose of this course is to let students learn the author's observation and expression methods, appreciate the magical beauty of Jinhua Shuanglong Cave through language and words, and cultivate their love for nature.

Second, learning objectives

1. Know the 1 1 new words in this lesson and learn to write 9 of them. Correctly read and write the words "Zhejiang, Senyu, Gathering, Appropriate, Dim, Slight and Amount".

2. Read the text with emotion. Recite your favorite paragraphs.

3. Understand the author's tour order, distinguish the primary and secondary articles, and learn the author's observation and expression methods.

4. Combine reading with imagination to understand the characteristics of Jinhua Shuanglong Cave and inspire the feelings of loving the mountains and rivers of the motherland.

Third, teaching suggestions

1. Before class, teachers and students should know about caves and related information (text introduction, pictures or travel videos, etc. ) About Zhejiang Jinhua Shuanglong Cave. Teachers can also design and make slides or multimedia courseware that break through teaching difficulties.

2. Teaching should start with the overall perception of the text. Let the students read the full text for the first time. On the basis of students' understanding of the contents of the text and the tour order, they can be guided to draw a tour diagram according to the tour order. Then according to the schematic diagram, talk about which scenic spots are mainly described in the article. So as to guide students to master the full text, clarify the author's ideas and the organizational structure of the article, and distinguish the primary and secondary articles. Then, go straight to the text-describing the part of traveling outside the cave, traveling from outside the cave to inside the cave and swimming inside the cave, so that students can understand what the author did not see, hear and feel in these three punishments through reading, and sum up their different characteristics from the author's experience and vivid description. The key point depends on how the author enters the inner hole from the outer hole and the magic of the outer hole. Finally, return to the whole, and guide students to sort out another hidden clue "the route through which the spring flows" besides the explicit clue in the order of "swimming" (road → hole → outer hole → hole → exit), so that teaching can pay attention to other contents of the text while grasping the key points.

3. It is both important and difficult to learn "from outer hole to inner hole". The only passage from the outer hole to the inner hole is the hole where the spring water flows out. The author introduces in detail how big the hole is and how to lie on your back on the boat and enter the inner hole from the outer hole. "I think there is no place from the back of the head to the shoulders, to the hips, to the heels", which shows that the author's posture can't be lower. "But I can still feel ..." "I feel ..." I wrote about my real feelings when I was lying on my back in the boat. The posture can't be any lower. This feeling shows that the aperture is very narrow and small, and it can only "accommodate a boat". The left and right sides of the ship are close to the rocks. When teaching this paragraph, you can use the following methods to break through the difficulties:

(1) keyword analysis method. For example, from the sentence "I am lying on my back alone with curiosity, thinking that there is no place from the back of my head to my shoulders, to my hips and to my heels that is not attached to the bottom of the boat. Just say' OK' and the boat will move slowly", how to understand the "narrow" porosity can guide students to analyze it like this: ① What is written in this sentence? ("I" lay on my back on the boat and entered the inner hole) Since the sentence directly told us this at the beginning, is the description of "I feel stuck to the bottom of the boat" redundant? Please mark the keywords. What are you going to do with the keyword "from ... to ... to ... Try to read it"

(2) Model Law. Action demonstration-let the students simulate the hole and the boat with their hands, and demonstrate that when the boat passes through the narrow and low hole, "the rocks on the left, right and above seem to be pushing towards me" and "if the head is raised a little, it will definitely break the forehead and scratch the nose"; You can also guide students' feelings with the help of courseware demonstration.

(3) Retelling method. Let the students demonstrate the movements and introduce the process of the author entering the inner hole from the outer hole.

This course is a famous article. In teaching, we should pay attention to guiding students to ponder and experience carefully, so that they can understand, feel and enhance the reading experience. For example, guide students to expand their imagination in reading, so that the scenes described in the article, especially the descriptions of stalactites and stalagmites in the inner cave, come to mind and try to be immersive, thus creating an immersive feeling; Another example is to guide students to understand the content and appreciate the originality of the author in observation, conception and expression. However, the requirements should not be too high.

5. When reading this lesson aloud, you should pay attention to the natural and peaceful tone, slow speech speed and intoxicated feeling, as if you were wandering in the Shuanglong Cave in Jinhua, while listening to the introduction of the tour guide around you and enjoying the beautiful scenery leisurely; Another example is that you have just returned from a trip to Shuanglong Cave in Jinhua, and you are telling your story to your good friend.

6. Among the new words in this lesson, "Zhe, Cheng, Yi, Shao" is a tongue sound, and "Zhe" is a four-tone, so don't pronounce it as two; "Yu, Ju" is a pinch of stress, so we should pay attention to reading it correctly. Write the part behind "ju" correctly.

7. Students can be arranged to read other travel notes written by Ye Shengtao after class.

Fourth, reference materials.

This lesson is excerpted from Ye Shengtao's "Ten Notes" and "Swimming through Three Holes".

Shuanglong Cave Shuanglong Cave is now a national forest park and a national scenic spot, which is famous for its vast forests, strange caves and famous Taoist mountains. Shuanglong Cave is located in the center of Shuanglong Scenic Area, which is the core and symbol of the whole scenic area. 1600 years, Shuanglong Cave has become a natural scenic spot. It is 520 meters above sea level and consists of outer hole, inner hole and ear hole. The outer hole is spacious, with an area of 1200m2. The annual cave temperature is about 15 degrees Celsius, which is warm in winter and cool in summer. At this point in summer, there is a feeling of "sweating up the mountain and getting cold in the hole". The inner and outer caves are separated by huge stone screens, and only waterways are connected. This waterway is more than ten meters long and three meters wide. The separation and communication between the inner and outer caves form the most distinctive feature of Shuanglong Cave. The ancient poem says, "There is a spring in the cave. If you want to find the source of the spring, lie in the boat." If you want to enter the inner hole from the outer hole, you must lie flat in the boat, wipe the cliff on your back and swim against the current. This is a surprise and full of fun. It is a unique way of sightseeing and has the reputation of "water and stone wonders". The inner hole is slightly larger than the outer hole. If the outer hole is "Dragon Hall", then the inner hole is "Dragon Palace". There are many stalactites and stalagmites in the cave, with unique shapes, clever layout and different colors. There are more than 40 kinds of landscapes, such as "Yellow Dragon Spitting Water", "Inverted Bat", "Colorful Clouds Covering the Moon", "Turtle Exploring the Sea", "Shouxing and Xiantao" and "Frog Stealing Fairy Grass", which make people dizzying. Shuanglong Cave has a long and splendid history and rich cultural background. Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it has been loved by the world. The Tang, Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties were brilliant for several times, and literati poured in. Li Bai, Wang Anshi, Meng Haoran, Su Shi, Li Qingzhao and other historical celebrities all have excellent works. Traveler Xu Xiake wrote more than 4,000 words of travel notes. Modern writers such as Yu Dafu, Ye Shengtao, Guo Moruo and Ai Qing all wrote famous articles for Shuanglong Cave. Party and state leaders, Zhu De, Soong Ching Ling, Peng, and Peng Zhen also left footprints here. There are many famous Mo Bao in the cave.

Stalactites and stalagmites are composed of calcium aggregates. The lime in the cave dissolves in the water, and the lime in the water gathers up bit by bit, gradually forming an ice cone-shaped object at the top of the cave. This is called stalactite, also called stalactite (similar to icicles under the eaves in northern winter). The water at the top of the cave drops to the ground, and the lime gradually gathers and accumulates higher and higher, forming an upright bamboo-like column called stalagmite. Stalagmites are often opposite to stalactites from top to bottom. Over time, some stalactites and stalagmites joined together to form stone pillars. Stalactites and stalagmites have various shapes. Ten years into the house "Jin" is a quantifier here. There is a kind of folk house, which is divided into several courtyards connected back and forth, and each courtyard is called "one entrance".