Ask to write a composition about teapot (pottery)

Zisha Pot is a unique pottery in China, which integrates poetry, painting, carving and handcraft.

The origin of teapot is in Yixing, Jiangsu, so it is also called Yixing teapot.

The origin of teapot can be traced back to the doctor of Yue State in the Spring and Autumn Period, who retired from Jianghu with his teacher. It has a history of more than 2400 years! However, purple sand was made into pots after the Zheng De period of Ming Wuzong. Since then, it has become a common practice, famous artists have come forth in large numbers, the varieties of colors have been constantly refurbished, and the fine products have been passed down from generation to generation for 500 years. Today, it can be said that it is wonderful.

The origin of teapot

Great writers Sebrina, Cai Xiang and Su Dongpo all left some famous tea poems and sentences. Among them, Mei's poem "Little Stone Cold Spring Leaves First Taste, New Purple Mud Pan Chunhua" is a masterpiece of the ages, which is about making tea with purple clay pots. Of course, Su Dongpo is the most exquisite and creative person. He concluded that "living water should still be cooked with living fire, fish should be touched to find stones, and there should be deep feelings." Stir-fried tea with running water and deep water will taste extraordinary and be more pure and clear. Great changes have taken place in the method of drinking tea in Ming Dynasty. In the Tea Record written by Bird on 1595, the process of making tea is introduced in detail: "When the soup is ripe, scoop it up, first pour it into several pots, remove the cold air of the soup, pour it out, and then pour it. The amount of tea should be appropriate and not wrong ... After two pots, use cold water and soup base to make the pot cool and clean. This is no different from today's tea making method. When making tea evolved into making tea, the quality requirements for teapots were relatively high. Through thousands of years of practice, it is found that making tea with teapot is meaningful and mellow. Because the teapot can absorb tea juice, the longer it is used, the better the tea tastes. As a result, the teapot came into being, and the masters, famous artists and masters who made the teapot stepped onto the front desk of history one by one. Their names and achievements are intertwined with the rise and fall of teapots.

It is generally believed that the founder of teapot is Zheng De in Ming Dynasty-Gong Chun in Jiajing period. "I studied under Zuquan Shigong, studied in Nanshan, and brought a boy's name for Spring. I saw the natives make jars out of mud, which is as clear as a pot, very beautiful and lovely. The so-called pot is spring. " (Wu Meiding: "Preface to Yangxian Porcelain Pot") At that time, people praised "deep chestnut color, such as ancient and modern iron, and fat Zhou Zheng." Just 12, let people see its pot. Unfortunately, there are no spring pots in sight now, and most of the spring pots in circulation are imitations. A copy of Gu Jingzhou, a contemporary Yixing Zisha master, costs about HK$ 200,000, which shows how precious the artistic value of Kaichun pot is. Gong Chunchuan Shi Dabin Li Zhongfen. Together with Xu Youquan, a disciple of Shi Dabin, he was called the "three outstanding figures" of purple sand in Ming Dynasty after Wanli. Shi Dabin's teapot is elegant and refined, and its shape is smooth and smart. Although it does not pursue exquisite carving, it is ingenious, simple and elegant and wonderful. In his later years, Xu Youquan lamented: "My essence is not timely (Shi Dabin's rough)." Xu Youquan, with exquisite craftsmanship, is good at making ancient bronzes into teapot. Gu Zhuo is solemn, simple and energetic. Legend has it that Xu Youquan worshipped Shi Dabin as a teacher in his childhood and asked the teacher to knead a mud cow for him, but he refused. At this moment, a real cow passed by the house. Xu used his quick wits, grabbed a handful of mud, ran outside and squeezed it at the real cow, praising it greatly. He felt very talented, so he gladly gave it all his unique skills. Later, he really became a family. The above four people are the first masters of teapot. The second master of teapot was Hehui in the early Qing Dynasty. Chen Mingyuan put chestnuts, walnuts, peanuts, water chestnuts, water chestnuts and water chestnuts into the pot, and his craftsmanship was superb. He is good at piling flowers and mud, making the shape of teapot more vivid, vivid and lively, and turning the traditional teapot into a vibrant sculpture art, full of vitality and vitality. At the same time, he also invented the stamping form of the pot bottom and lid, which formed a fixed technological procedure in the Qing Dynasty, which had a great influence on the development of teapot. Because of Chen Mingyuan's exquisite works, he became famous for a while, and a large number of imitations and fakes appeared. Mr. Gu Jingzhou said that he had only seen a few genuine products in the half century from youth to old age, and collectors should be especially careful not to be deceived. Hui Chenmeng during the Apocalypse and Chongzhen in the late Ming Dynasty was good at making small pots and winning big pots with small pots. Chen Meng's pot is carved with a bamboo knife, and the "Yonglin" seal on the lid of the pot is a fine product. The third masters of teapot were Chen Hongshou and Yang Pengnian during Jiaqing and Daoguang periods in the middle of Qing Dynasty. Chen Hongshou was a famous painter and seal engraver in the middle of Qing Dynasty. Art advocates innovation. He advocates that "poetry, painting and calligraphy don't have to be very homely", but you must see "the interest of nature". He integrated this artistic concept into purple sand pottery. The first contribution is to combine poetry, calligraphy and painting with pottery in zisha pot, and write poetry and sculpture on the pot with a bamboo knife. The second contribution, with his own talent, he improvised many novel styles of teapot at will, which brought great vitality to the innovation of teapot. His cooperation with Yang Pengnian is exemplary. What we are seeing now is the teapot made in Jiaqing period. The handle and bottom of the teapot are printed with the words "Peng Nian" or "Amantoshi", both designed by Chen Hongshou and made in Yang Pengnian. Later, people called it "Mansheng Pot". Chen Hongshou makes Zisha pottery more cultured. Although the production technology is not as exquisite as that in the middle of Ming Dynasty, it has a great influence on later generations. Yang Pengnian pioneered a new technology of pinching the mouth. He doesn't need a mold, but he pinches it by hand, which is quite interesting. After Qianlong, with the decline of the Qing Dynasty, the production of teapot became more and more depressed. It is worth mentioning that Shao Daheng is a master of later generations, while Shao Youlan, Shao Youting, Jiang, Cheng Shouzhen and others are inferior. More is conformism, less innovation, and the production process is more and more sloppy. Mr Gu Jingzhou, a contemporary master of purple sand, was the first person to introduce him. Gu Lao devoted himself to purple sand pottery for more than 60 years, with remarkable achievements and great fame. Others are Zhu Kexin, Gao Haigeng, Pei Shimin, Wang Yinchun, Wu Yungen, Xu Xiutang, Li Changhong, Shen Mihua, Gu Shaopei, Wang Yinxian, Lv Yaochen, Xu Hantang and Jiang Rong. , but also have their own unique skills and expertise, these are temporary gifts.

[Edit this paragraph] Raw materials of teapot

The raw material for firing teapot is mud, which can be divided into purple mud, green mud and red mud. Mud that can be used to fire teapot is generally buried deep under the rock stratum and distributed between the mud layers of nail mud, and the thickness of mud layers varies from tens of centimeters to one meter. According to the petrographic analysis of Shanghai Silicate Research Institute, the purple sand yellow mud belongs to the high-iron kaolin-Yingshi-mica type, with the highest iron content of 8.83%. The teapot is fired at high oxygen and high temperature. Generally, flat fireworks contacts are used, the firing temperature is between1100-1200℃, and the water absorption of the finished teapot is more than 2%. The raw materials of clay in teapot are purple mud, green mud and red mud, commonly known as "enriching the people". Because it is produced in Yixing, Jiangsu, it is called Yixing Zisha. According to legend, on the streets of Yixing in ancient times, one day a monk suddenly peddled along the street: "Sell rich soil! Who buys rich soil? You can make a fortune if you buy it. " Hence the name. The so-called relying on mountains to eat mountains, relying on soil to eat soil. Yixing purple sand has nurtured generations of skilled craftsmen for thousands of years, so that when it comes to teapot, we immediately associate it with Yixing. It is unknown whether Yixing made the teapot or Yixing made the teapot. Purple clay was originally buried deep under the rock layer and distributed between the mud layers of nail mud. The thickness of the seam is about tens of centimeters to one meter, and the chemical composition is iron-containing clay siltstone. The main mineral composition of purple mud is hydromica, which contains different amounts of kaolinite, quartz, mica and iron. The process of making the clay of the teapot is as follows: the purple mud mined from the ore bed is commonly called raw mud. The massive rock is weathered in the open air to loosen it, and then it is initially crushed and crushed, and it is screened by air supply according to the number of particles required by the product. The screened mud ash is stirred into a mud block by a blender, then accumulated and aged, and then the mud is vacuum kneaded to make it into cooked mud, which is used for making blanks. In the process of refining and preparing purple clay, the water quality used is very particular. The quality of water will directly affect the quality of products. Purple sand has good plasticity, high green body strength and low shrinkage when it is dried and fired. In order to enrich the appearance color of purple sand and meet the requirements of process change and production design, technicians boldly carried out technological innovation, mixed several kinds of clay in different proportions, added a proper amount of metal oxide colorant to clay, and controlled the temperature and atmosphere in the kiln. The products after firing are colorful, purple but not beautiful, red but not bright, green but not tender, yellow but not tender, or gray but not black. The color of purple sand ware, like the color dyed on wool textiles, is calm but not angry; Careful observation shows that all kinds of mud colors are wrapped in white sand, such as silver powder shining, which is a reflection of light, like pearls. Sometimes it is more eye-catching in silt and coarse mud sand or steel sand. In recent years, the red and bronze cover stickers with natural luster have been successfully trial-produced, creating a new look of clay sculpture decoration. The teapot is not necessarily purple. After firing at high temperature, it presents a variety of strange colors, such as vermilion, bordeaux, copper, begonia, iron gray lead, sunflower yellow, dark green, indigo and so on. The teapot is not glazed, but it is better than glazed, and its color changes are strange and rich. Such as vermilion purple, durian skin, bean green, begonia red, flashing color and so on, are all natural primary colors, simple and rich, simple and lovely. After firing, the heat preservation and air permeability of the teapot are very ideal, and it is an ideal instrument for making tea. It is not an exaggeration to call it "the best tea set in the world" in society.

Zisha pottery, referred to as Zisha, is also called Zisha ware or Zisha pottery. Purple sand tea set, simple and generous in shape and simple in color. The longer you make tea with horns, the more elegant the color of the pot body will be, and the more mellow and fragrant the tea soup will be. Even if you pour boiling water into an empty pot, there will be a faint tea fragrance.

According to scientific analysis, the teapot does retain the original flavor of tea soup, can absorb tea juice, and has the characteristics of cold and heat resistance.

Characteristics of purple sand pottery

First, Zisha pottery is a kind of pottery made of sand, which neither captures the aroma of tea nor the taste of boiled soup, so it is used to make tea with both color and flavor.

Second, the sandy teapot can absorb tea juice, and it will accumulate "tea rust" after being used for a period of time, so the empty teapot will smell like tea when it is filled with boiling water.

Third, it is easy to wash. If you don't use it for a long time, it will inevitably smell. You can make tea with boiling water two or three times, then pour cold water, and then make the same original tea.

Fourth, it has strong adaptability to sudden changes in heat and cold. In the cold winter, the injected boiling water will not burst due to the sudden change of temperature; Moreover, the heat transfer of sand is slow, and it is not hot whether it is lifted or held.

Fifth, purple sand pottery is resistant to burning, and it is not allowed to explode on a warm fire in winter. It is no accident that Su Dongpo made tea with a teapot made of purple sand pottery, and there was a poem "The bamboo stove relaxed the wind and lifted the pot to shout". This is why people who pay attention to tea drinking at all times and in all countries especially like to use teapots.

Advantages of teapot

Zhou, an Amin, said in the Ming Pot System in Yangxian County: "Pots have been made of silver, tin, Fujian and Henan porcelain in the past hundred years, but Yixing pottery is still popular." Why do you like Yixing teapot? Zhou said to him again, "What do peaches and plums take?" Take them all away and use the sand on this mountain to make the real color and fragrance of tea. "It turns out that the beauty of Yixing teapot is that it can get the color and fragrance of tea. Li Yu's Essay also said: "The note of tea is better than sand, and the essence of the pot is nothing more than envy. "Wen Zhenheng's Chronicle of the Long Story also said:" The teapot is topped with sand, and the lid of the teapot neither steals incense nor smells cooked soup. "In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, some scholars had the same understanding of the advantages of Yixing teapot.

Yixing teapot is loved by tea people, on the one hand, because of its beautiful shape, diverse styles and unique features, on the other hand, because it has many advantages in making tea.

(1) Purple sand is a kind of porous material with double pore structure, with fine pores and high density. Using a teapot to make tea without losing its original flavor and lingering fragrance is the real fragrance and delicious tea. The Chronicle of History says it "neither captures the fragrance nor smells like boiled soup".

(2) The teapot has good air permeability, and the tea leaves are not easy to deteriorate during use and will not deteriorate in summer. If you don't use it for a long time, it won't smell. Just store the boiling water first, pour it out immediately, and then soak it in cold water to wash it, and your vitality will be restored, and the tea will still taste the same.

(3) The teapot can absorb tea juice, and the inner wall of the teapot is not painted, so there is no peculiar smell when making tea. After long-term use, the wall of teapot accumulates "tea rust", which makes the empty teapot full of boiling water, which is related to the porosity of teapot embryo, which is the unique quality of teapot.

(4) The teapot has good cold and hot mutation performance. In cold winter, boiling water is injected into the teapot, which will never burst because of sudden temperature change. At the same time, the heat transfer of sand is slow, so it won't be hot after making tea. And it can be cooked and heated on slow fire without being cracked by fire.

(5) The longer the purple sand is used, the brighter the color of the pot body will be and the charm will be Wen Ya. If the teapot is used for a long time, the pot body will become smoother and more lovely because of touching and wiping, so Long Wen said in the Book of Tea: "Love is like palm beads. After using it for a long time, it looks like purple jade outside and Yun Lan inside. " "Cultivating Immortals and Ming Pot System" says: "When the pot is used for a long time, you can see spontaneous dark light when you wash your mouth." .

"Yangxian Tea Pot System" said: "The pot is real tea, and it is lively in the New Year, so that it is full of color and fragrance. Therefore, the pot should be small but not big, shallow but not deep, the lid should be straight and not awkward, and the soup should be fragrant, so that it can be combined into one. " Feng Kebin also said in the Book of Tea: "The teapot is small and expensive. Every guest, a pot, let it drink backwards, is interesting. What is this? The pot is small, the fragrance does not come loose, and the taste does not last. The fragrance in the tea is not before, it is not enough too early, and it is too late, just right, and it is enough. " Yixing Zisha Pot flourished from the middle of Ming Dynasty, and after continuous improvement, it finally became the best tea set for appreciating elegance and vulgarity and drinking tea.

Zisha pot style

According to experts, a teapot has seven parts: button, lid, ampulla, handle, spout, foot and air hole. From the production process, it can be divided into circle foot, nail foot, square foot and flat foot; There are three kinds of buttons: bead button, bridge button and object button. The pot cover is provided with an embedded cover, a gland and a cutting cover; There are single handles, ring handles, inclined handles and beam handles, and the shapes are really varied.

All kinds of teapot handed down from ancient times have certain names, and there are dozens of popular ones now. Such as foreign barrels, a pearl, dragon eggs, Sifang, Bafang, Meiping, bamboo segments, ichthyosaurs, longevity and so on. , still very popular. Modern people pay more attention to the collection value of teapot. Considering its collection value alone, the ancient teapot is priceless, and the inch-handle teapot is even more precious.

Tools for making teapots

In Jingdezhen, I saw workers making porcelain by hand; Drawing blank is a traditional ceramic production method. Han Meilin, a famous artist, designed a symbol for Yixing ceramic art according to the ancient Chinese writing of "Tao" in China. It seems that a person on the right is pulling the blank on the left. This symbol is both concise and connotative, and the pictographic meaning of "Tao" is expressed at once. Jingdezhen porcelain is mostly round, and a piece of work is completed by molding and decoration respectively, while Yixing purple sand has various forms, unless it is painted and pasted on the blank, it is often completed at one time. There are dozens of molding methods for teapot, which are only tools for teapot. I will not introduce them one by one here, but only select a few representative ones to make some explanations:

1, raft: used to make mud strips and films. 2, sharp knife: used for cutting, cutting buttons, turning feet, leather facets. 3. Rectangular car: also called gauge car, like compasses, it is used to draw disks and open holes; 4, grate: mainly made of bamboo, according to different pot bodies, made of different radians, used to organize the shape of the blank. 5. Copper tube: drill holes of various sizes. 6. Top column: a special wooden tool with a bottom seal after the molding process is completed. 7, wooden racket: used to beat barrels, take pictures, pat the mouth. 8. Bamboo swatter: There are three types: large, medium and small, which are mainly used for beating barrels, pushing barrel joints, skimming mud, pushing walls and scraping the bottom to make spout. 9. Fur knife: it can be used for cutting, cutting, loosening, picking, clamping, digging and scraping. And it is a common tool; 10, Ming needle: made of ox horn, elastic, with square head, pointed head, bent head, etc. , mainly used to scrape the blank to make it smooth, Ming needle is only used in the ceramic industry to make purple sand. 1 1, unique: it is used for round mouth and eyes, and it is made of high-quality ox horn, ivory, boxwood and rosewood. 12. turntable: it can rotate when beating barrels. Now it is mainly made of iron.

And an excellent purple sand artist has very high requirements for tools, so he must be handy. Why are handmade teapots valuable? Just because the teapot left the artist's fingerprints, it is impossible to count. After many times of polishing, wiping, scraping and sweeping ... the artist's emotions are poured into the teapot, not as fast as some mechanically or semi-mechanically operated clay adobe.

Teapot molding

In Fanjiahuzhuang and Jidetang's pottery workshop, you can see thousands of styles of purple sand utensils. It can be said that "the parties are different, and there is no phase." According to the traditional classification, Yixing's teapot can be divided into three categories, one is called light ware, also known as light goods, that is, teapot with round, square and other geometric shapes, such as, west pot and so on. Second, flower devices are also called flower goods, that is, pictographic objects are used as basic shapes or plastic stickers for animal and plant modeling, such as childhood friends and spring; Third, said rib, also known as rib bag goods. This kind of pot is represented by various lines, such as Lingyi and Fang Ju petal pot.

Different types of molding methods are also different; The traditional modeling method of purple sand mainly adopts two forms: cylinder beating and cylinder inlay. According to the different requirements of utensils, the mud is broken into blocks and standardized into squares, and then the body tube is inlaid, and the neck, foot, mouth, handle, cover and button are added. This is the biggest feature of teapot forming, also called "enclosure method". Pictographs also pinch some plastic bodies, such as dragons and phoenixes, flowers and birds, and then pile them on the pot. Generally speaking, when making ribbed vessels, the clay tablets should be pressed into the plaster model to make it a part of the pot body as needed, and then taken out for inlaying. Nowadays, when creating new products, ceramists should first conceive, draw pictures and calculate the size ratio before making them.

Introduction of teapot

Bing Xin Dao ren Guo

This is a teapot in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. The color of the pot body is like the last glaze of tea in porcelain. The front of the pot body is a concave niche for one person to sit in, and the outer wall of the niche is decorated with peach trees, peach blossoms and peach leaves. The other three sides of the pot body are carved moire patterns.

The bottom of the pot is "Bing Xin Dao Ren". "Bing Xin Dao Ren" is the name of Cheng Shouzhen (1858- 1939), a master of purple sand in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. The teapot made by Cheng Shouzhen won the first prize of Panama International Competition and the Excellence Award of Chicago Expo in 19 15 and 1932 respectively.

Tree gall pot

Tree gall is a kind of tree tumor. The shape of this pot imitates the tree gall, the pot surface is uneven, and there are carvings similar to bark. The whole pot is dark chestnut, which is a pot style made by pot makers in the Ming Dynasty for spring.

According to the historical records of Zisha Pot, Gong Chun was just a buddhist nun in Zheng De's period of Ming Dynasty, and later he learned pot-making technology from a monk in Jinsha Temple in Yixing, Jiangsu. The value of spring pot is extremely high, and it has the praise of "Spring pot is better than jade". Tree gall pot is the most famous shape of purple sand pot in spring, and it has been handed down very little. Some experts believe that the tree gall pot in the Chinese History Museum is handmade for spring, and it is the earliest purple sand teapot that can be seen now.

However, this tree gall pot collected by Mr. Tang is an imitation of the Republic of China.

"Er Quan" Ming pot

This is the pot of Shao Erquan, a famous purple sand master in the late Qing Dynasty.

Shao Erquan (about 1803- 1860) is good at carving pot inscriptions. The shape of this pot is simple, the pot body is yellow and bamboo-shaped, but a bat comes naturally, which should "bless" the wishes of the ancients. On one side of the ampulla, a line of running script is engraved in yin: "The sky is high and the clouds are light, and the wind is sunny." This poem is from Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting Collection, and it is signed "Er Quan". There is the word "Tang Bing" on the bottom of the pot, which may be the pot maker, but its name cannot be verified.

However, at the auction of Christie's in Hong Kong in 2002, a clean dragon-patterned teapot was sold for HK$ 1.477 million. At the first China Arts and Crafts Masters Auction held recently, the auction price of Lv Yaochen Xiaoshi cold spring pot set was 600,000 yuan. Mr. Tang is optimistic that the price of teapot will double in two years.

Modern works appreciate rapidly.

According to reports, the price of teapot in Ming and Qing dynasties is generally 10,000 yuan, the famous works in Ming dynasty can reach10-150,000 yuan, and the famous works in Qing dynasty also cost 5,000-10,000 yuan. The most expensive teapot in China is Shao Daheng's work "Lead a Bundle of Bamboo", with a market price of 400,000 US dollars.

However, Mr. Tang said that the works of Ming and Qing Zisha masters Gong Chun, Shi Dabin, Chen Mansheng and Yang Fengnian were very rare, which left room for appreciation for the works of modern and contemporary Zisha masters, Zhu Kexin and Jiang Rong. For example, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, Gu Jingzhou, a famous modern artist who died in 1996, only sold the teapot in 380 yuan, and now the price is several hundred thousand. In addition, the price of Jiang Rong's works is generally10-200,000.

Purple sand artists are like the "backbone" of pots.

Purple sand artists, like the "backbone" of Yixing purple sand pottery pots, can be upgraded from the original practical utensils to a wonderful flower in arts and crafts. For hundreds of years, the hard work of generations of artists has also saturated the participation of contemporary painters and painters. They are the real backbone of purple clay pots.

In view of this, Shao Jiasheng, a senior painter and calligrapher in Yixing, and Mao Dabu, a scientist of Zisha Pot, have been planning to make the Zisha Pot itself into a work of art since 2006, and carve the portraits of famous pot artists on it to make it closely integrated with the pot. This is really an unprecedented and very interesting thing.

One is called "Connecting the Past with the Future-Zhiyuan Pot: Wisdom, Wisdom", on which eleven outstanding ancient masters, from Shi Dabin to Fan of the Republic of China, are rusted, and a poem is attached to the shoulder of the pot: "Zisha pottery clay sculpture master, superb skills." . The other one, called "Connecting the Past with the Future-Fengyuan Pot: Feng Gong Shuo De, Heaven and Earth Fiona Fang", was rusted after liberation to revitalize the purple sand industry. Seven skilled artists specially invited by the government served as tutors, including Ren Ganting, Wu Yungen, Wang Yinchun, Pei Shimin, Zhu Kexin, Gu Jingzhou, the first national master in New China, and Jiang Rong, a female master of pot arts. There is a poem on the shoulder of this pot: "Seven tutors of five-color purple mud. .

The largest teapot in the world.

The giant teapot was made by Mr. Liu Genlin, a giant teapot master in Jiangsu Province and a member of China Arts and Crafts Society. This giant teapot was made in March this year. Made of 1.5 tons of purple sand, it took 8 months. The pot is 3.6 meters high, 1.8 meters wide and 1 ton heavy. The pot body is carved with tea poem vines and several playful squirrels, and the handle of the pot is made into the shape of three pine trees staggered. Therefore, Liu Genlin named the teapot "Squirrel Lift Beam". Liu Genlin said that the "Squirrel Lifting Beam" is bigger than the "Su Po Lifting Beam" he made in 2000, and it has been listed as the largest teapot in kiness, so it should be the largest teapot in the world at present. Yixing to Tianjin is about 1, 300 kilometers. In order to ensure the safety of "squirrel lifting beam", Liu Genlin insured this "big guy" with a high amount of 280,000 yuan.

Basic skills of teapot modeling

Generally speaking, the molding methods of teapot can be divided into two types: cylinder beating and cylinder inlaying. These two modeling methods have existed for a long time in the production of daily-use pottery in Yixing, but they have been fully developed in the purple sand modeling process.

The tools used in the molding of teapot mainly include mud stool, wooden stool, turntable, wooden racket, bamboo racket lathe, thrush knife, sharp knife and bright needle. These are common tools for making various purple sand blanks. In addition, according to the different styles and technological requirements of teapots, many special gadgets need to be prepared.

First, hit the bucket.

The modeling method of cylinder beating is generally used for round pots. First, a pair of hammers are used to hammer the mud into a mud block with uniform thickness. The thickness of the clay tablet depends on the size of the teapot, which is usually about three or four millimeters. According to the diameter of the designed teapot, plus the shrinkage coefficient during firing, multiplied by pi, plus the allowance of the joints at both ends and the height of the cylinder, the mud piece is cut into rectangular mud strips. Surround the mud strip into a cylinder on the turntable, and the two ends overlap. At the overlapping place, use a ray knife to cut obliquely at one time, that is, form a butted interface, and then use "mud" to stick the butted incision. Purple mud is thick mud mixed with the same mud and water, and its function is a bit like gypsum used by masons to build brick walls. After bonding, mark the bonding place and remember this position so as to install the kettle handle in the future. This can cover up traces that may appear after the interface is triggered.

Then, put the fingers of the left hand into the circular mud bucket, gently hold the inner wall (because the inner lining makes the power of the external racket recoil), and beat the upper section of the outer wall of the mud bucket with the wooden clap of the right hand, while beating and turning (the radius of the inner wall of the pot and the external racket mud is slowly pinched with the left hand), and the mouth of the bucket will gradually retract miraculously. When it shrinks to the required size, seal the prepared round mud with mud (here refers to the sticky mud mixed with water repeatedly); Then turn the mud jar upside down and beat the other end of the mud jar to shrink it and seal the mouth. At this time, a hollow pot body prototype came out. Then turn the turntable, roll the barrel body with a racket according to the shape requirements, or lift or press it to expand the barrel shoulder, so that the shoulders, abdomen and feet of the pot body can be adjusted clearly, the linear combination is beautiful and the transition pavilion is uniform.

After the barrel is basically formed, the neck and feet are matched. The preparation method of the neck foot is to paste round mud pieces with different thicknesses on the upper and lower ends of the cylinder (the diameter of the mud pieces is the outer diameter of the neck foot). After the outer edge of the kettle mouth is aligned with the outer edge of the foot, cut off the middle part of the mud sheet with a ruler and take it out, leaving mud on the collar and foot ring. In addition, the mouth, handle and cover should be prepared, and all kinds of "line stalks" (special gadgets made of horns or bamboo, a bit like the "line planer" used by carpenters when making window frames) should be repeatedly squeezed and trimmed to make the edge lines clear and smooth.

There is a circle of straight and wide "sub-mouth" under the cover of the sand pot. The outer diameter of the sub-opening must be closely matched with the inner diameter of the spout and can rotate. When installing the spout of the kettle handle, first find the seam of the mud piece when beating the bucket. Generally, a kettle handle is installed on one side of the joint, and then a water sieve hole is dug in advance on one side of the joint, and then the spout is glued. Ensure that the barrel mouth, handle and vertical center surface overlap on the same section. At this time, the blank of the teapot is basically completed. The remaining work is to press the whole body with a bright needle to achieve the requirement of "exposing the blank when it is loosened". Finally, seal the author's name on the bottom and lid of the pot, dry it and wait for it to be fired in the kiln.

Second, wooden barrels

The formation method of square (including square, hexagon, octagon, etc.). Pots mainly adopts the method of inserting tube. Also, first make clay tablets, prepare a sample according to the design intention, cut the clay tablets according to the sample, and connect the clay tablets with mud to make a small clay box, which is the prototype of the teapot. Then pat, pinch and press with tools to prepare the mouth, handle and cover to complete the decoration.

In fact, the process of crushing mud is to make the mud particles dense and the mud doors arranged neatly through external force. This is much stronger than the product formed by grouting.

Good raw ore purple sand mud has excellent plasticity and is not easy to deform after firing. This special molding process can ensure that the dimensions meet the specifications and the styles have rich changes. Generally speaking, as long as the design is reasonable, all kinds of casserole can be made and shaped by hand. A casserole with a set style can be made repeatedly, and their specifications, shapes and sizes can also be highly unified. In fact, in the process of making sand pots, in order to facilitate the connection of various processes, four or six pieces of the same style are always made at the same time, which is called "one thing" in jargon.