About historical celebrities

In the spring of 52 1 BC, Confucius learned that his students had been ordered by the king of Lu to pay homage to the emperor in Luoyang, Kyoto, Zhou Dynasty. He thought it was a good opportunity to ask Laozi, the guardian of Tibetan history in the Zhou Dynasty, about "etiquette", so he agreed with Lu and went with the palace. The day after Confucius arrived in Kyoto, he went to the Tibetan History Museum on foot to visit Laozi. Lao Zi, who is writing the Tao Te Ching, heard that the world-famous Kong Qiu came to consult, so he quickly put down his knife and pencil and adjusted his clothes. Confucius saw a healthy old man coming out of the gate, thinking it was Laozi. He hurried forward and respectfully paid tribute to one of Lao Zi's disciples. After entering the hall, Confucius bowed again before sitting down. Laozi asked Confucius why he came. Confucius left his seat and replied, "I have little knowledge and know nothing about the ancient' etiquette system', so I specially asked the teacher." Seeing that Confucius was so sincere, Lao Tzu expressed his views in detail.

After returning to Lu, Confucius' students asked him to explain Laozi's knowledge. Confucius said, "I am a good teacher, knowing the past and the present, the source of rites and music, and the return of virtue." At the same time, I praise Laozi as an example. He said: "bird, I know it can fly;" Fish, I know it can swim; Beast, I know it can run. I can weave a net to catch a running beast, I can tie a swimming fish to a hook to catch it, and I can shoot a flying bird with a good arrow. As for the dragon, I can't know how it took the wind and cloud to heaven. Laozi, it's still evil! "

(2) Confucius (55 BC/KLOC-0 BC/-479 BC) was a thinker, politician, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Confucius' famous mountain, the word Zhong Ni. Lu (now southeast of Qufu, Shandong Province) was born. The ancestors were nobles in the Song Dynasty, and the father of the fifth ancestor took refuge in Lu, and later settled in Lu. My father, Uncle Liang, is a warrior of Lu, and is famous for his bravery.

Confucius lost his father at the age of 3 and moved to Kuili with his mother Yan Zhizai, where he was taught. When Confucius was young, he was "a child's play, forbidding the army as a gift." . When I was a child, my family was poor. 15 years old was determined to study. The dragon, on the other hand, became a "Commissioner" for managing warehouses and a "farmer" for managing cattle and sheep. He is open-minded and eager to learn, and has no regular teacher. According to legend, he invited Li to learn the truth of being a man from Changhong and the piano from the teacher. At the age of 30, Confucius has become a well-known local scholar, who started a private school. Its ideological core is "benevolence", and "benevolence" means "love". He regards "benevolence" as the norm and purpose of behavior, so that "benevolence" and "courtesy" can be used mutually. It is advocated that rulers should govern the people with virtue and treat others with courtesy, so as to reproduce the prosperous time of the Western Zhou Dynasty when "rites and music were conquered from the emperor" and realize their ideal of "great harmony".

When Confucius was 35 years old, he left because of civil strife in Lu. In order to get close, he became a vassal of the nobles of Qi State. The following year, Qi Jinggong asked Confucius about political affairs. Confucius said, "A monarch should be like a monarch, a minister should be like a minister, a father should be like a father, and a son should be like a son." Qi Jinggong was very grateful. He wanted to use Confucius, but Yan Ying, King Xiang of Qi, stopped it, so he gave up. I will return to Shandong soon to continue my study and train my disciples. 5 1 year-old, served as the governor in the capital of Lu (now a local official in Wenshang West). Because of good governance, "within one year, all parties must do it." At the age of 52, he was promoted from Zhongdu to Luxiaosikong and Dashikou. In 500 BC (the tenth year of Lu), Lu and Qi joined forces in Oracle bones, and Confucius put forward that "those who have military affairs must have weapons and those who have military affairs must have documents". Trying to threaten Lu Jun into submission, Confucius reprimanded him with courtesy, which saved the national dignity, so that Qi Huangong had to agree to form an alliance and make peace, and returned the land of Tuo, Tan and Gui to Lu. When Confucius was 54 years old, he was entrusted by Ji to take pictures. In order to improve the authority of the monarch, he put forward the idea of "reducing the three capitals" and "restraining the three Huan" (Dr. Lu San), but the result was opposed by Dr. Lu San and failed. At the age of 55, the monarch and ministers of Lu accepted the beauty presented by Qi and indulged in debauchery all day long. Disappointed, Confucius abandoned his official position and left Shandong, leading his disciples around the world to find another opportunity to display his talents. During this time, he worked for more than 70 emperors, but nothing happened. In 484 BC (eleven years), Ji Kangzi of Lu listened to the persuasion of Confucius disciples and sent someone to pick him up from Weiguo.

Confucius returned to Shandong, although he was honored as the "old man of the country", but he was still not reused. Instead of seeking official positions, he continued to devote himself to education and document arrangement. He trained more than 3,000 disciples in his life, 72 of whom were proficient in six arts (etiquette, music, archery, imperial defense, calligraphy and mathematics). In teaching practice, we have summed up a whole set of educational theories, such as teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, paying equal attention to learning and thinking, drawing inferences from others, inspiring and inducing ... teaching principles, tireless learning spirit, and learning attitude of "knowing what they know, not knowing what they know" and "not ashamed to ask questions", which are praised by future generations. He deleted the Book of Songs and the Book of History, ordered the Book of Rites and the Book of Music, and revised the Spring and Autumn Annals, thus comprehensively sorting out the ancient Chinese literature. Grow old together with Yi, and reach the realm of "Bian Wei's Three Musts".

At the age of 69, his only son Kong Li died. 7 1 year-old, Yan Hui, a favorite pupil, died of illness. Confucius was extremely sad and sighed: "Heaven has fallen! The sky is lost! " This year, someone caught a monster named Lin in Luxi and died soon. Confucius thought that the appearance and death of Kirin, a symbol of kindness and good fortune, was an ominous sign of chaos in the world, so he stopped compiling the book Spring and Autumn Annals. When I was 72 years old, I suddenly learned that Luz had died in a national disaster, and I was deeply saddened. The following year (479 BC), Confucius was 73 years old, fell ill for 7 days and died.

The main words and deeds of Confucius' life were compiled into The Analects by his disciples and became classics of later Confucianism.

(3) There are folk dances, pottery making (famous Jingdezhen ceramics, Tang Sancai, etc ...), stone carvings (like Longmen Stone Carving and Leshan Giant Buddha), four great inventions of ancient china and murals (like flying in Dunhuang), paintings, music and bronzes, operas and books of songs; I am most interested in the Northeast Errenzhuan, because it has rich history, culture and characteristics! My favorite is the Northeast Errenzhuan, which is deeply attracted by its rich historical culture and humorous features!

The Origin, Characteristics and Traditional Plays of Northeast Errenzhuan

Errenzhuan is a folk opera in northeast China. The duet is not just a duet. It has many branches and a kind of singing, but there are also many forms of performance, which can be roughly divided into "single"? , "double", "group" and "drama".

"Single": refers to "single head", where one person plays a play and one person plays multiple roles. There is also a corner of a play played by one person, which is similar to a "one-man show".

"Double strokes": refers to "double strokes". This is a duet worthy of the name. The two played many roles, narration and endorsement, jumping out and jumping in, singing and dancing.

"Group": In the past, "pulling opera" was also called "group work". Now it refers to group singing, sitting singing or group dancing.

"Drama": refers to "the drama pulled out". This is a northeast folk drama featuring Xiao Dan and the clown. The role played by two of them is also called "Errenzhuan".

There are more than 300 traditional plays of Errenzhuan. Among them are Blue Bridge, The West Chamber, Bao Gong's Compensation, and Yang Bajie's Spring Tour. There are several excellent works, such as Sister Wang Sifu (also known as Wrestling Frame), Dream of the Red Moon, and Ding Lang Seeking Father. There are also unveilers such as A Cup of Return, Saw Cylinder, Cold River, Lama and Second Aunt Visiting the Sick.

Errenzhuan's singing is called "Nine Tones, Eighteen Tones and Seventy-two Hi", which is more than 300 * *. Suona and Banhu are the main musical instruments of Errenzhuan. In addition to bamboo boards (two big boards and five knuckles), clapping instruments also use jade boards, also called Yu Zi (four bamboo boards, playing two pieces in one hand). The performance of Errenzhuan has "four merits and one skill". The four skills refer to "singing, speaking, doing (or pretending) and dancing", as well as "stunts" such as handkerchiefs, fans, big boards and jade cards.

The roots of Errenzhuan are rooted in the hearts of farmers in Northeast China. Some farmers said, "I would rather give up one meal than two people." Today, not only in the vast rural areas and towns in Northeast China, but also in parts of Hebei and Inner Mongolia, there are duet performances.

(4) For example, some development zones were originally meaningful cultural relics, but now they are going to be destroyed by our generation. We should all feel sad about this! ! ! ! ! !

Xi 'an High-tech Industrial Development Zone is one of the only three national high-tech development zones in China (Zhongguancun, Suzhou Science Park and Xi 'an High-tech Industrial Development Zone).

The history and culture of Xi can't be compared with any city in China. (More than 5,000 years of history-Huangdi)

The number of military enterprises and scientific research institutes in Xi 'an ranks third in China, second only to Beijing and Shanghai.

80% parts of shenzhou spaceship are produced in Xi 'an.

Half of the weapons in the National Day military parade were produced by Xi 'an.

The only satellite monitoring center in China is in Xi 'an.

The only aircraft flight test institute in China is in Xi 'an.

There are more than 120 imperial tombs around Xi 'an.

Asia's largest musical fountain-Big Wild Goose Pagoda North Square

The largest ocean park in the west -Xi 'an Ocean World-Aquarium

Xi 'an Qinling Wildlife Park, the largest wildlife park in the west.

Xi 'an has the most complete and largest city wall in the world.

There are 32 public universities and 29 private universities in Xi, with more than 20,000 students, including the famous Xi Jiaotong University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi Normal University and Northwest A&F University, one of the six key normal universities directly under the Ministry of Education (including 6 2 1 1 projects and 3 985 projects).

There are 43 academicians of the two academies in Shaanxi Province, including 42 in xi 'an, ranking fourth in China (Beijing 1, Shanghai's second and Jiangsu's third).

Xi Anyou 1 1 Military academies, including the Fourth Military Medical University, the Second Artillery Engineering University, the Air Force Engineering University, the Armed Police Command College, the Armed Police Communication College, Xi An Army College, Xi An Political College, the Armed Police Engineering University and so on.

And the eighth wonder of the world, the Terracotta Warriors! ! !

Huangdi, Qin Shihuang, Liu Bang, Xiang Yu, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Wei Qing, Huo Qubing, Zhang Qian, Sima Qian, Ban Chao, Emperor Taizong, Yang Guifei, Wang Zhaojun, Wu Zetian, Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi and Sun Simiao. Are witnesses of Xi history and Chinese civilization! ! ! !

There is also the Xi incident that shocked the world! !

Before liberation, Xi 'an lost to Beijing by one vote and did not become the capital of China! !

Military situation: There are only two group armies in Lanzhou Military Region: 47th Army and 2 1 Army, which are stationed in Xi 'an! !

Xi 'an has the "Northwest Information Building", the tallest building in northwest China and the sixth tallest building in China.

Xi has 7 five-star hotels and 34 four-star hotels.

Xi has the third largest travel agency in China, Xi China International Travel Service.

Xi Anyou 14 national defense military factory, including 4 missiles, 2 artillery shells, 8 weapons and military heavy trucks 1 vehicle.

Xi 'an has the only rocket engine production base in China, 067 base.

Xi 'an has 504 research institutes that produce satellite navigation.

Xi 'an owns 6 18, the only company in China that produces aviation navigation control system.

There are more than 40 research institutes.

The State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping has five surveying and mapping brigades, three of which are in Xi 'an. (Guangzhou 1, Shenyang 1)

There is the only professional surveying and mapping institute in the whole army.

One of the six most dynamic cities in China.

One of the top five consumer guide cities in China (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Xi and Chengdu)

One of the cities attracting talents in China 12: Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Nanjing, Tianjin, Xi, Hangzhou, Shenyang, Chengdu, Jinan and Harbin.

Comprehensive scientific and technological strength ranks third.

The number of universities and research institutes is the third (Beijing, Shanghai and Xi 'an). Xi 'an has 44 universities with 800,000 students, including 5 private universities with 6.5438+0.3 million students. There are more than 500 scientific research institutions and 340,000 scientific and technological talents, making its military scientific and technological strength rank second in large and medium-sized cities in China. There are more than 2,000 scientific research units in the province, and the specialty of 17 is unique in China, and 50 majors are in the leading position in the country. There are 10 national key experimental fields, 63 national departments, 63 special laboratories and 49 provincial key laboratories, with 85 1000 professional technicians and 46 academicians.

The talent density ranks first among provincial capitals and municipalities directly under the central government, second only to Beijing. Wuhan and Xi 'an ranked first and second in terms of the number of students per 10,000 people.

High-tech Industrial Development Zone ranks third in China, with 2 10 of the world's top 500 famous enterprises.

From October to April, 2004, Xi's investment in fixed assets ranked among the top ten in China, with an increase of 80.4%, ranking first among cities in China.

The number of computer cities ranks in the forefront and the top ten in SEG, as well as the development of software industry.

The main node of westward transmission is one of the four major nodes in China (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Xi 'an).

The fourth largest modern art city in China (Guangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing, Xi 'an),

The number of bookstores is in the forefront, Xi 'an Book Building, the largest book city in the west.

Urban natural gas gasification project-the first natural gas automobile line in China; In China, only the city of Beijing has evaporated.

Civil aviation-one of the four inland airports in China, Xi 'an Airport ranks sixth in the country in terms of passenger traffic. On the basis of the first growth rate of traffic volume in China last year, the first quarter of 2004 maintained a high growth rate of 60%, ranking first in China!

The height of a city is not determined by the number and height of high-rise buildings it owns!

A city without culture will not be a great city.

Cities without depth are frivolous.

No one can judge a city! Especially cultural heritage.

I still can't say the rescue plan, so as not to attract a lot of discussion ~ ~ ~ hehe.

(5) 1. Laozi's> was regarded as a classic by later Taoism!

2. Liu Zongyuan (773-819), with a thick font. Writers, philosophers and essayists in the Tang Dynasty, together with Han Yu, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong, were called the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. He was originally from Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi). Han nationality. He was born in Chang 'an, Kyoto (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi) in 773.

3. Kangxi Dictionary compiled in1716.

Shen Kang Dictionary has the largest number of words, with 47,035 Chinese characters. Of course, it also prints the most words.

4. The Book of Songs is China's first collection of poems, including 305 poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. The Book of Songs is divided into three parts: Feng (160), Ya (105) and Fu (40). Are all named after music. "Wind" means tone. The ancients called Shaanxi Opera, Feng Wei and Zheng Opera, just like Shaanxi Opera, Shanxi Opera, Henan Opera and Elegant Opera. People in the Zhou Dynasty called Zheng Yayue, just as people in the Qing Dynasty called Kunqu Opera Ya Bu, with the meaning of honorific title. Xiaoya can be divided in chronological order. Ode is a musical song used for offering sacrifices to ancestral temples.

Shenbao is the earliest newspaper in China. The bunker originally refers to the residence of officials who went to Beijing for pilgrimage in ancient times, which first appeared in the Warring States Period. Yan Shigu's Note: "Counties and counties are places to stay, and those who live in the capital will be named. Hey, to the right, you are right. " "Di" later became the office of local senior officials in Beijing, which was set up to deliver communication news. The name "Dibao" came from this.

Di Bao, also known as Di Bao (also known as Di Bao), also known as "Newspaper" and "Miscellaneous Newspaper", all use the word "newspaper", which shows that it is a kind of public news for notification and a news copy specially used by the court to spread documents and political information about Zheng Chao. According to historical records, both the county countries in the Han Dynasty and the buffer towns in the Tang Dynasty set up "stations" in Beijing, which are equivalent to news agencies stationed in Beijing today, focusing on transmitting news of state affairs. All imperial edicts, courtiers' meetings, and the appointment, removal and transfer of relevant officials are the contents that officials need to collect and copy.

"Dibao" was originally copied by the imperial court and then posted at the palace gate for the public to copy, so it was also called "Gongmen Copy" and "Yuanmen Copy", which was actually the earliest way of news release.

About the Song Dynasty, there appeared a businessman who copied and sold Fu Bao for profit. To save trouble, officials are willing to spend some money on it. Probably come later, because you can buy it at cost, so you don't need to copy it. Therefore, in addition to official copying, there was Beijing Daily in the late Qing Dynasty. Beijing Daily has a special newspaper room management and operation, and has become a distribution department with a certain scale, taking shape.