Teaching Design of Dream Back to Prosperity (Ge Xiaoxia)

Dream Back to Prosperity is the fourth text in Unit 5 of the first volume of Grade 8, which is a self-reading text. After studying the classic text "China Stone Arch Bridge", "Suzhou Garden" and the excerpt "Cicada" from the classic book "Insect Story", students have mastered almost all the knowledge points they need to know as things to explain. It's a bit embarrassing to study Dream Back to Prosperity at this time. It's a challenge for teachers to review the knowledge of expository writing with the help of the text or to be innovative.

goal presupposition

1. experience the clear beauty of the structural level

2. experience the exquisite beauty of the explanation method

3. appreciate the elegant beauty of the explanation language

4. taste the thick beauty of the article emotion

key points and difficulties

1. focus: experience the clear beauty of the structural level, the exquisite beauty of the explanation method and the elegant beauty of the explanation language.

2. Difficulties: Taste the emotional beauty of the article

Design concept

1. Reading practical texts, you can accurately and quickly grasp the main content and key information, and have your own thinking and judgment on the materials involved in the text. (Chinese Curriculum Standards, 211 Edition)

2. Educator ushinski said: "Comparison is the basis of all understanding and thinking." (Practical Psychology)

3. "Teachers can compare narrative articles with explanatory articles to guide students to understand explanatory articles in depth." "The collection of literary descriptions is scientific and literary, and it is very vivid and vivid to read. You can experience the differences in language styles of expository texts through comparative reading. " (teacher's teaching book)

Design ideas

Comparison is an effective method in Chinese learning, which can stimulate and awaken students' thinking, supplement students' existing learning experience, and thus lead students to discover the beauty of Chinese at a deeper level. The teaching of this course mainly uses comparative teaching methods to lead students to experience the clear beauty of structural level, the exquisite beauty of explanation method, the elegant beauty of explanation language and the thick beauty of article emotion.

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teaching process

first, the beauty of the topic of teachers and students questioning and comparing

(a) new lesson introduction: around the topic "Dream Back to Prosperity", please ask students and teachers to raise their own questions and compare them respectively?

Think and ask questions:

1. What does "prosperity" in the title mean in this article? How does the author organize these contents?

2. If "prosperity" mainly refers to the prosperous and lively scene painted in The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, how did the author introduce this huge scene to us in an orderly way?

3. This article introduces a painting with historical value, so what are the language features?

4. This paper introduces the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. Why is it titled "Dream Back to Prosperity"?

The teacher pondered and asked questions:

1. It is said in the text that Zhang Zeduan lived in an era when the rulers of the Northern Song Dynasty were about to fall. Why is there such a thing as "prosperity"?

2. If you talk about "prosperity", why do you write "dream back"? What is the mood behind this painting?

teachers and students * * * Summary:

The questions raised by teachers and students all have a key word: prosperity. Differences: most of the students are concerned about the content of this paper around the theme of "prosperity" and the characteristics of the organization and language of the explanation. The teacher pays more attention to the humanistic connotation behind this painting.

(2) Please compare the topics of Chinese Stone Arch Bridge, Suzhou Garden, Cicada and Dream Back to Prosperity?

Clarity: The title of the first three expository articles is the object of explanation, which is straightforward and direct. This is a common method of drafting topics in expository articles, so that readers can see at a glance. And "Dream Back to Prosperity" is the theme of the painting "Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival", which brings us infinite reverie, and the questions raised by teachers and students according to the topic above are a proof, so this topic is more aesthetic.

second, disrupt the order of generalization and comparison

(1) browse the full text, outline and circle the key sentences and summary sentences of each paragraph, and summarize the meaning of each paragraph with "prosperous" sentences.

1. The first paragraph introduces the prosperity of urban economy in the Song Dynasty (social background)

2. The second paragraph introduces the prosperity of Zhang Zeduan's painting skills and the prosperity of people's dreams in the Southern Song Dynasty (personal background)

3. The third and fourth paragraphs respectively write and elaborate the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival to reflect the prosperity of the content (painting content)

4. The fifth paragraph writes the prosperity of the painting's creative skills and historical value. (characteristic value)

(2) try to compare, first introduce the content of the painting "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival", and then introduce the author, social background and characteristic value, ok? Why?

guide the students to sort out the order of instructions and understand the reasons for adopting this order of instructions, so as to find the beauty of the order of this article.

Clarity: The full text is in a logical order, starting from the background of the painting and the author's situation, paving the way for the following, then explaining the painting itself in detail, and finally introducing the artistic and historical value of the painting, which is carried out in accordance with the idea of "connotation-content-value", clear and comprehensive, with prominent focus. If you write the content of this painting first, people will not quite understand what dynasty the prosperous scene in this painting is, and who painted it? Does not conform to human cognitive law.

In order to strengthen this kind of thinking training, we can also use the fourth paragraph in class to consolidate it. For example, underline the key sentences in the fourth paragraph of this article and quickly grasp the hierarchical relationship. Can you reverse the order between them?

Clarity: The symbolic sentences include the description of the opening, the middle and the back of the picture (spatial order). This kind of spatial order has a kind of normative beauty, orderly beauty and natural beauty.

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Third, the method of horizontal comparison is beautiful

The horizontal comparison here is to compare the works with the same content by "contemporary" authors.

Read the third and fourth paragraphs of the text and compare the following two groups of paragraphs. Is the explanation method chosen in this article "the most appropriate"? (explore the explanation method)

Group 1:

A The plot of the central section of the whole section is a traffic accident that is about to subside, and the direct responsible persons of this serious danger are several trackers. At that time, the boatmen were eating at the top of the boat. The boatmen should have stopped pulling the fiber at a certain distance from the arch bridge and called the boatmen to put down the mast, but they kept burying their heads in pulling the fiber under the arch bridge. Pedestrians on and off the arch bridge found the danger-the mast came face to face and shouted for help ...

-Afterglow "The Story of Hidden Paintings in the Forbidden City"

B boat was being put on the mast to cross the bridge, and the boatmen shouted and held the chopsticks. The bridge echoed each other, the shore waved its arms to help out, and passers-by gathered at the bridge head to watch.

-Mao Ning's Dream Back to Prosperity

makes it clear that A is a narrative language, which explains the ins and outs of the story in the picture. Narrative language is often used in storytelling, while explanatory language is the main language in expository writing. B is descriptive language, which focuses on describing the whole and details of the picture, turning static into dynamic, and transforming the picture into life scenes. This explanation method is adopted because "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" is a genre painting famous for its truthfulness and delicacy. If you want to explain the picture clearly, you must describe it in detail and reproduce the social life it depicts.

the second group:

A long scroll is a light ink colored silk book, 24.8 cm in length and 528.7 cm in width, with more than 5 painted figures (I'm afraid it needs to be carefully counted), nearly 1 livestock and nearly 2 trees, which is a giant system in the history of Chinese and foreign painting.

—— The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Yu Yunguo and Dream of Tokyo

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan, a silk copy, is colored, with a length of 24.8 cm and a width of 528.7 cm. The work depicts the bustling scene of the capital Bianliang from the suburbs, Bianhe to the market in the city. The whole long scroll is like a movement, from adagio and adagio to allegro and adagio, and then comes to an end, leaving endless aftertaste.

—— Mao Ning's Dream Back to Prosperity

It is clear that both paragraphs AB introduce the content of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival as a whole, and they all use the method of explaining numbers to introduce the most basic information of the painting. In addition, paragraph B summarizes the main content of the painting in one sentence, that is, "the work depicts the bustling scene of the Bianliang in Beijing from the suburbs and the Bianhe River to the market in the city." This sentence helps readers get a panoramic view of the whole painting at a glance. The beauty of paragraph B lies in a figurative sentence, which compares the painting to a movement and vividly writes out the musical tones of each part of the painting. This explanation method makes the article add musical beauty and dynamic beauty to the painting.

Fourth, the linguistic beauty of vertical comparison

The vertical comparison here refers to the comparison of works with the same content by authors in different times, and also refers to the comparison of works with the same style in different times.

students read the fourth paragraph again and complete two tasks:

1. Compare the following two paragraphs and talk about their similarities in language?

A Eight Wastes struggle to gather together, and Xian Tong, the world, gathers the treasures of the four seas, all of which are returned to the market, and the peculiar smell in the Atlas area is known in the kitchen. With flowers all over the road, there is no limit to a spring outing ... The sound of songs is strange and audible. Clear curtains and quiet courtyard, high-rise buildings at dawn and dusk, staying awake after drinking, and having a good dream.

-Meng Yuanlao's Tokyo Dream of China Record

B Sparse forest and misty, farmhouses and fields, chilly in spring ... exquisite structure, like flying rainbow ... traffic is very busy ... calling for shouting, holding poles and cables ... echoing each other, waving arms to help out ... streets are criss-crossing, houses are everywhere ... Mao Ning's Dream Back to Prosperity

makes it clear: Dream of China in Tokyo, a contemporary notebook with The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, used a large number of four-character words in tracing the prosperity of that year, which not only has strong generalization, but also makes the article more elegant, melodious and literary.

2. add "four or six sentences" (parallel prose materials), and compare them again, and find the beauty of culture, historical inheritance and massiness.

by the song dynasty, the format of four or six sentences in parallel prose was more stereotyped, and "the melody was extremely precise" (Xu Shizeng's "The Preface to Distinguish Articles" in Ming Dynasty). In the Song Dynasty, as Hong Mai said in Rong Zhai Si Liu Cong Hua: "Si Liu Lian Li, as a writer, is very shallow, but from the imperial court, he ordered a letter to the government, and from the next to the gentry, he wrote a book to wish him a good job." With a wide range of uses, it has been greatly developed, and there have been four or six famous artists such as Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi and Su Shi.

-selected from the entry "Si Liu Wen" in Baidu Encyclopedia

It is clear that only after reading this information can I know the four-sentence past lives in Dream Back to Prosperity. The painting is from the Northern Song Dynasty. The author who introduced the painting explained the painting with the popular "Si Liu Wen" in the Song Dynasty in great detail, which can be described as ingenious. Although the style of writing is not as strict as before, it can be used to explain the charm of the painting style of the Song Dynasty, which is almost original beauty.

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V. Emotional beauty of origin comparison

Here, origin comparison refers to comparing sentences in the text with each other.

Read the full text silently again, sketch out the sentences of emotional attitude implied in the text, and analyze them from multiple angles after comparison.

(1) Comparison between "Prosperity" and "Collapse"

A That was the period when the rulers of the Northern Song Dynasty created the illusion of prosperity before the collapse, so as to cover up their internal troubles and foreign invasion. After Jianyan, the adherents of the Northern Song Dynasty in Nandu missed their homeland. In their eyes, this scroll must have its special significance, which is a portrayal of their looking back on their homeland and dreaming back to prosperity.

—— The second paragraph of Dream Back to Prosperity

It is clear that from the perspective of the adherents of the Southern Song Dynasty, the more prosperous the picture in the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, the more desolate the shame of Jingkang will be. As a adherent of the Southern Song Dynasty, the more I can't go back, the more sad I feel. That's why there is the saying "dream back". In reality, you can't go back, only "dream back". This is the heavy heart behind the painting.

(2) comparison between "avenue" and "path", comparison between "busy", "too busy to look after" and "onlookers"

B On the fork of the "avenue", it is a sedan-chair team surrounded by many servants and a "powerful person" returning from …. It is a long journey to ride a donkey on the nearby "path".

Busy boatmen ... unload heavy grain bags, and trackers drag their boats against the current ...

Passers-by gather at the bridge to watch, but those who rush, push carts and carry loads are too busy to take care of them.

-excerpt from the fourth paragraph of Dream Back to Prosperity

It is clear that from the painter Zhang Zeduan's point of view, the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival depicts the activities of people from all walks of life, but it focuses on depicting the hard life of coolies. Behind his description of the surface prosperity, he revealed a burst of worries about the late Northern Song Dynasty. It shows the painter's realistic spirit and compassion for others.

(III) Comparison between "Unique" and "General"

C The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival adopts the unique hand-scroll form of China traditional painting, and captures the object from a moving viewpoint ... which is different from the general boundary painting.

The rich content in the painting has irreplaceable historical value, which is not only an artistic expression, but also an important image material left by the urban life in the 12th century.

—— The fifth excerpt from Dream Back to Prosperity

makes it clear that "uniqueness" not only refers to the hand-painted form and painting skills, but also refers to its irreplaceable historical value. From the author's point of view: admiration and admiration for The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival and the painter. From the young people's point of view: to love Chinese excellent traditional culture, we should have national pride and a sense of responsibility for longing for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation

6. Homework after class:

1. Find the entry about The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival in China Encyclopedia, compare this article and talk about the language differences.

2. Find a painting you like in the eighth grade art textbook, try to make a simple introduction, highlight the characteristics of the painting, explain it in an orderly way, and try to use more four-word words.

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