Modification of Mandarin - tone changes

The key to whether Mandarin is spoken well or not is the tone and sound changes. Below is a list of Mandarin modifications, intonations, and phonetic changes for your reference.

Modifications of Mandarin? Tone sound changes

1. Tones of Mandarin

Tone is the change in the rise and fall of syllables, also called tones. Tone has the function of differentiating meanings (words and word meanings). Tone depends mainly on pitch. The changes in different pitches of the same person are determined by the tightness of their vocal cords. The looser the vocal cords, the lower the pitch; the tighter the vocal cords, the higher the pitch.

1. Tone type, tone value, and tone shape:

①Tone type? Classification of tones.

Mandarin has four tones (four tones):

Yinping tone: (one tone) Yangping tone: (second tone) Uptone: (third tone) Falling tone: (fourth tone) Tone)

② Tone value? The actual pronunciation of the tone, that is, the changes in the pitch, rise and fall, straightness, and length of the syllable.

The fifth-degree notation is expressed as follows: (as shown in the figure)

Yinping tone: 55

Yangping tone: 35

Up tone :214

De-tone: 51

③Tune shape? The form in which the pitch of a syllable changes over time. That is, the pitch, rise and fall, and flat shape of the tone.

Yinping tone: Gaoping tone (high and flat)

Yangping tone: middle rising tone (medium rising)

Upper tone: falling rising tone (half bass first) down to a low tone and then raised to a half-treble)

De-tonation: high flat tone (high lowering)

Tone type, value, shape, key signature

Yin level tone 55 high-level tone--

Yangping tone 35 medium rising tone/

Up tone 214 falling rising tone ˇ

Down tone 51 high falling tone\

Use the tone exercises: other, this, reason, understanding, enjoy, have, beauty, satisfaction

Go to the tone exercises: now, in, go up, class, create, make, benefit, Run

Tone practice of two-syllable words:

Division of labor, enrollment, turns, words and deeds, broadcast, mountain climbing, symbol, appearance, confession, eloquence, interview, fantasy, blue sky, left and right, support, guest, coordination, abnormality, attention, criticism, fellow countryman, characteristic, driving, welcome, agility, feeling, purchase, ordinary, guide, idea, spontaneous, problem, indicator, emergency, time, aviation, scene, investigation, initiative, Propaganda, reporter, recording, unified, manuscript, understanding, daily, Guangxi, and, commentary, Chinese, airplane, rule, strict, charge.

2. Sound change

The concept of sound change: Sound change is the change of pronunciation. When people speak, they do not pronounce syllables (words) in isolation, but form a series of natural "speech flow". Due to the mutual influence of adjacent syllables or the need to express expressions, the pronunciation of some syllables will undergo certain changes. This is the phonetic change of speech flow. The pronunciation changes in Mandarin include: tone changes, soft tones, rhymes, and changes in the modal particle "ah", etc.

1. Tone change

Tone change refers to the change in the original tone of a syllable due to the mutual influence of adjacent syllables in the speech flow.

Pitch changes: including: changes in the upper tone, changes in the first tone, and changes in the lower tone.

　(1) The upper tone changes tone

The upper tone will change the tone before the four tones, and the chance of reading the original tone is very small. It is only when reading monosyllabic words or at the end of words or sentences. It is only at the end that it is possible to read the original tune.

There are two variations of the upper tone:

A. Shang Fei Shang: Change to half upper - 211

Practice: Shang Yin: All kinds of train alarm bells go up Yang: travel guide to the motherland

Go up: discuss gratitude for the land

Shang Qing: a sloppy guy with an axe

B. Connect up to the top: become Yang Ping tune--- 35

Example: Fish and water--Rainwater buried horse--Buy horse and change--Land reform to white rice--100 meters

Exercise: Lazy Finger Native Language Group Hotel Plaza Chief Island

C. Three-up connection:

When the word structure is "double single case", the first two syllables become Yangping.

Handwriting of the Exhibition Hall, Election Law, Face Wash, Shooting Range Management Group

When the word structure is "single and double case": the beginning syllable is under emphasized logical stress ----- - Read half the upper part [211], and the middle syllable becomes Yangping [35].

The party group coldly treated the young couple, paper tigers, little thumbs and old conservatives

Discussion: ?Group leader? What format is it? How to read it? If a sentence has upper-tone syllables, how should it be read?

For example:

1. Please tell your leaders about your beautiful ideals.

2. Please give me some face wash.

3. Please buy me some small umbrellas.

4. I know you very well.

5. There are hundreds of exhibits in the exhibition hall.

(2) Changes of ?一?

When ?一? is read alone or as an ordinal numeral, it is read in the original tone (Yinping tone)

In addition, there are two Kinds of tone changes:

A. Change to yangping tone before the syllable-free syllable---35 one, certain, uniform

B. Change to the yang-ping tone before the non-voice-dropping syllable--- 51 Side, a group, together

For example, "一continue", if it is used as an adverb expressing the meaning of "continuous" as a morpheme, "一一" should be changed to de-voiced (for example: "He threw two 3's in a row" Score the ball?); if it is a noun indicating "the first company", read the original tune with "one" (for example: "Wang Chengfa was appointed as the first company commander").

Another example is "number one". If it refers to "number one", the word "一" does not change the tone; if it refers to "a good person", the word "一" should be pronounced with the tone removed.

Another example: ?Class 1?, ?General?.

① The word "一" does not change the tone: first grade, Class 1, Grade 1, January 1, 2001, the same law, say one thing but not two, start from one and end, one is one, two is two, one Not afraid of suffering, not afraid of death?

? ? ? When at the end of a word, the pronunciation remains unchanged and the original tone is still pronounced, as mentioned above? ? Single-mindedness, unity, unity, uniformity?. Even if words with other tones appear after this word, the pronunciation of "一" will not change. For example, "unify thoughts, unify understanding", "一" will not be pronounced as the missing tone just because "思" appears after it. It doesn’t change to read Yangping just because “ recognized ” appears after it. This is because “一” is the suffix of “ unified ” and its relationship with the following words is loose. There is another typical example: the first syllable of "十一jin" is the suffix of "eleven jin", and the tone cannot be changed. If you think that there is a Yinping "jin" behind the word "yiyi", you will blindly change the tone, which will make people confused. Misunderstood as "One billion catties?!"

An example of this situation is as follows. Even if "一" is followed by other words, the tone will not change: May Day (Golden Week), June Day (Festival Day), July 1st (the birthday of the Party), August 1st (military flag), Eleventh Day (National Day), in case (what happened), one by one (check), single (suit), first (one), singles one, Monday , Jiujiu returns to one, combines two into one, remains consistent, and is not enough.

②?一?variations of the word:

A moment, a generation, uniform, consistent, one piece, a room, a brain, divided into two, kill two birds with one stone, love at first sight, have a smooth journey , Smooth sailing, one step to the top, meticulous, every step of the way, one go at it, one skill, nothing accomplished, one link after another, one thing comes down, one yard is one yard, one comes and two goes?

③The "one" in the number? Pronunciation:

Before "hundred, thousand, ten thousand, billion, trillion", the word "一" should be changed into tone, such as "one hundred, one thousand, ten thousand, one hundred million, one trillion". But there is a very important reminder, that is, in long numbers, only the "one" at the beginning changes the key, and the "one" in the middle and the end does not change the key, for example, "11,001,111,11", Only the first digit in front of the "wanwan" needs to be read as Yangping, and the remaining digits do not change the tone. For another example, although the words "one car, one year, one kind, and one word" have to change the tone, in "eleven cars, twenty-one years, thirty-one words, forty-one words," one word? It's a number ending, so there's no need to change the tone.

(3) The tone changes of ?不?

?不? can only be changed to Yangping tone before the falling syllable - 35 is not necessary or necessary

In other Pronounce the original tone before the tone syllable---51 Don't listen, no, no allowed

Note: The phonetic notation of the above tone-changed syllables must be in the original tone.