Can you tell me about the material and performance of the space suit?

What we generally call space suits are divided into intravehicular space suits and extravehicular space suits. Strictly speaking, the space suit in the cabin is not actually a space suit. Its production is completely different from that of a real space suit. We are only talking about extravehicular space suits here. The universe is a very harsh environment. There is no breathable air for humans, and there is no atmospheric pressure. The temperature there is also very strange. The hot sun shines directly on one side, and the temperature rises very high. When there is no sun shining, the temperature of the cold space is extremely low. In addition, strong cosmic radiation and flying meteorites are also huge dangers to astronauts. Once the astronaut leaves the spacecraft, when there is a vacuum outside the spacesuit, there is an atmospheric pressure inside the spacesuit. From the strength point of view, it can be imagined that it must be very strong, otherwise it will explode if there is a vacuum outside and an atmospheric pressure inside. , so the strength of aerospace clothing must be very high. The basic design of a space suit has the following layers:

The first layer is the underwear layer, which is required to be light, soft, elastic, able to conduct heat, and breathable. There is a wonderful belt here, which contains a complex micro-monitoring system, which is responsible for recording various physiological data (heart rate, body temperature, respiration), as well as temperature and radiation dose data inside the space suit, as a dynamic update of the astronauts monitor.

The second layer is the temperature regulation layer, which uses the new technology "heat pipe liquid temperature regulation". There are a large number of polyvinyl chloride thin tubes arranged in this layer, and a liquid flows in the tubes. Through the flow of the liquid, It can adjust the temperature of the space suit and is very efficient. There are three temperature levels to choose from, controlled by the astronauts themselves.

The third layer is the pressurized layer, which is a sealed inflatable layer made of special rubber and filled with air with a pressure of one atmosphere, because low air pressure must be avoided in the vacuum of the universe.

The fourth layer is the constraint layer, which has two functions: it constrains the third layer into the shape of clothing, and at the same time helps the outermost layer resist the attack of tiny meteorites. It also has excellent thermal insulation properties, preventing the exchange of heat between the inside and outside.

The fifth layer is a protective layer. A high-strength "bulletproof vest" made of special synthetic fibers must resist the attack of tiny meteorites flying like bullets and absorb the energy of cosmic rays.

In fact, a real space suit has more than these layers. The American space suit has as many as 15 layers. And that’s not even counting the backpacks the astronauts carry. This backpack is connected to the spacesuit and forms a complete life support system. Including automatic and manual equipment such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, ventilation, circulation, monitoring, filtration, power supply, oxygen supply, etc. In addition, the American space suit is also equipped with a flight system. The 24 jet nozzles can allow astronauts to control their flight path at any time. There are also electronic communication systems and so on.

A space suit must not only use high-strength polyester and other materials, but also be supplemented by a variety of metals and adhesives. Such a "clothing" is really expensive and heavy. An American space suit is worth more than 100 million yuan. Because space suits are regarded as secrets by their respective producing countries, it is impossible for ordinary people to know the details and specific materials of their production. A country's space suit technology level often represents the country's overall technological level.

0