The Romance of the Three Kingdoms in Classical Chinese Chapter 1: Three Brothers in Taoyuan

1. The main contents of the story of the three sworn brothers in the Taoyuan, Chapter 1 of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms

The main contents of the story of the three sworn brothers in the Taoyuan, the first chapter of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms:

In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the Dynasty The defeat of the Communist Party, coupled with successive years of famine, made people's lives very difficult. Liu Bei intended to save the people, and Zhang Fei and Guan Yu were willing to work with Liu Bei to do something together. The three fell in love and chose a peach garden behind Zhang Fei's village. At this time, the peach blossoms were in full bloom and the scenery was beautiful. Zhang Fei prepared a green cow and white horse as a sacrifice, burned incense and worshiped, and the oath was completed.

The three people recognized themselves as brothers according to their age. Liu Bei was the elder brother, Guan Yu was the second, and Zhang Fei was the younger brother. This is the famous "Taoyuan Stake" in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms".

Extended information:

The historical impact of the three sworn alliances in the Taoyuan in the first chapter of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms:

The origin of the "Taoyuan sworn alliance" is still available today. The story of the formation of the "Taoyuan sworn brotherhood" was first published in "Quan Xiang Ping Hua Three Kingdoms" published by Yu Shizhi of Jian'an (1321-1323) in the Yuan Dynasty. Because the book is the original speech of a storyteller at that time and was engraved by the public, the content is extremely rough. It only tells the story itself, and there is no review between chapters.

"The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms·The Book of Shu·The Biography of Zhang Fei" records: "The young master and Guan Yu both took over the throne. Yu was several years older, so Brother Fei took care of him." "The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms·The Book of Shu·The Biography of Fei Yi" Fei Yi advised Guan Yu said at the time: "The king and the prince are like one body, living together and sharing the same relationship, and misfortunes and blessings are intertwined." There is also a similar record in "Huayang Guozhi·Liu Xianzhu Biography": Liu Bei "is good at making friends with heroes, and he strives to follow him when he is young... Guan Yu in the east of Hedong has a long cloud, Zhang Fei in the same county is virtuous, and he uses heroism to defend against insults.

First The master and his second son slept in the same bed and ate from the same utensils, and they were like brothers. However, they sat among the people and waited on them all day long. "The biography of Guan Yu" also uses the phrase "the former master joined his disciples in the village, and Yu and Zhang Fei." In the "Book of Songs·Chang Di" there is a sentence like "Brothers are fighting against the wall, and they are guarding their affairs outside." Chen Shou used the word "to guard against his affairs" to imply that Liu, Guan, and Zhang were united in dealing with the outside world like brothers.

According to the good history of Chen Shou, the "Three Kingdoms" written by Chen Shou has the reputation of "faithful history", and the recorded historical facts are generally credible. Chang Xu, a native of Jin who was not far from the Three Kingdoms era, was also a scholar who wrote history rigorously. His "Huayang Guozhi" was my country's first local chronicle, and the value of historical materials is also very credible. This proves that it is an undoubted fact that Liu, Guan, and Zhang had a brotherhood at that time.

As for the sworn friendship taking place in Taoyuan, the killing of black oxen and white horses, sacrifices to heaven and earth, oaths of alliance, etc., this must be the imagination of a novelist. However, "The Biography of Guan Yu" records that when Guan Yu was staying in Cao Ying, Cao Cao asked Zhang Liao to test whether Guan Yu wanted to stay in Cao Ying. Guan Yu told Zhang Liao with great emotion, "I know very well that Duke Cao treats me well, but I have received great kindness from General Liu." , swear to death, never break it." This seems to indicate that they have sworn an oath.

In any case, various scattered records in historical materials have become the source of the sworn friendship in Taoyuan. It is certain that all the stories about the sworn brotherhood between Liu, Guan, and Zhang are derived from this.

Reference materials: Stories recorded in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms"_Baidu Encyclopedia 2. The main content of the story of the three sworn brothers in the Taoyuan, Chapter 1 of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms

The story of the three sworn brothers in the Taoyuan, the first chapter of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms Main content: At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the imperial court was defeated. Coupled with successive years of famine, people's lives were very difficult. Liu Bei intended to save the people, and Zhang Fei and Guan Yu were willing to work with Liu Bei to do something together.

The three fell in love and chose a peach garden behind Zhang Fei's village. At this time, the peach blossoms were in full bloom and the scenery was beautiful. Zhang Fei prepared a green cow and a white horse as a sacrifice, burned incense and worshiped, and the oath was completed. The three of them recognized themselves as brothers according to their age. Liu Bei was the elder brother, Guan Yu was the second, and Zhang Fei was the younger brother.

This is the famous "Taoyuan Stake" in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms".

Extended information: The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Chapter 1, The Three Brothers in the Taoyuan Historical Influence: The Origin of the "Taoyuan Brothers" Existing Observations Tell the Story of the Formation of the "Taoyuan Brothers", The earliest story is the Yu clan in Jian'an of the Yuan Dynasty (1321- 1323) published "Quan Xiang Ping Hua Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms".

Because this book is the original speech of a storyteller at that time and was engraved by the public, the content is extremely rough, and it only tells the story itself, with no review between chapters. "The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms·The Book of Shu·The Biography of Zhang Fei" records: "The young master and Guan Yu both took over the throne. Yu was several years older, so Brother Fei took care of him."

"The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms·The Book of Shu·The Biography of Fei Yi" Fei Yi advised Guan Yu said at the time: "The king and the prince are like one body, living together and sharing the same relationship, and misfortunes and blessings are intertwined." There is also a similar record in "Huayang Guozhi·Liu Xianzhu Biography": Liu Bei "is good at making friends with heroes, and he strives to attach himself to him when he is young... Guan Yu in Hedong has a long history, and Zhang Fei in the same county is virtuous and uses heroism to defend against insults.

First The master and his second son slept in the same bed and ate from the same utensils, and they were like brothers. However, they sat among the people and waited on them all day long. "The biography of Guan Yu" also uses the phrase "the former master joined his disciples in the village, and Yu and Zhang Fei." In the "Book of Songs·Chang Di" there is a sentence like "Brothers are jealous of each other, and they are guarding their affairs."

Chen Shou used the word "to guard against his affairs" to imply Liu Guan and Zhang San. People are united like brothers. According to the good history of Chen Shou, the "Three Kingdoms" written by Chen Shou has the reputation of "faithful history", and the recorded historical facts are generally credible.

Chang Xu, a native of Jin who is not far from the Three Kingdoms era, is also a rigorous scholar of history. His "Huayang Guozhi" is the first local chronicle in our country, and the value of historical materials is also very credible. . This proves that it is an undoubted fact that Liu, Guan, and Zhang had a brotherhood at that time.

As for the sworn friendship taking place in Taoyuan, the killing of black oxen and white horses, sacrifices to heaven and earth, oaths of alliance, etc., this is all a novelist's imagination. However, "The Biography of Guan Yu" records that when Guan Yu was staying in Cao Ying, Cao Cao asked Zhang Liao to test whether Guan Yu wanted to stay in Cao Ying. Guan Yu told Zhang Liao with great emotion, "I know very well that Duke Cao treats me well, but I have received great kindness from General Liu." , I will swear to death and cannot break it."

This seems to indicate that they have sworn an oath. In any case, various scattered records in historical materials have become the source of the sworn friendship in Taoyuan. It is certain that all the stories about the sworn brotherhood between Liu, Guan, and Zhang are derived from this.

Reference materials: Stories recorded in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms"_Baidu Encyclopedia. 3. In the first chapter of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms novel, the heroes of the Taoyuan Three Kingdoms sworn off, and the hero who killed the Yellow Turban was the first to make a meritorious service.

Speaking of the general trend of the world, if we divide for a long time, we will unite, and if we unite for a long time, we will divide.

The Seven Kingdoms fought over the weekend and merged with Qin. After the fall of Qin, Chu and Han fought separately and merged with Han.

The Han Dynasty revolted after Emperor Gaozu killed the White Snake and unified the world. Later, it was revived by Guangwu and spread to Emperor Xian, and then it was divided into three kingdoms. The cause of the chaos probably started with Emperors Huan and Ling.

Emperor Huan imprisoned good people and respected eunuchs. When Emperor Huan died, Emperor Ling came to the throne, and was assisted by General Dou Wu and Taifu Chen Fan.

At that time, the eunuch Cao Jie and others took power, and Dou Wu and Chen Fan plotted to kill them. In April of the second year of Jianning, the emperor visited the Wende Hall.

As Fang ascended the throne, a strong wind suddenly rose in the corner of the palace. I saw a big green snake flying down from the beam and coiling on the chair.

The emperor collapsed in shock, and rescuers rushed into the palace from left and right, while all the officials ran away. After a while, the snake disappeared.

Suddenly there was a heavy thunderstorm, plus hail, which stopped at midnight, damaging countless houses. In February of the fourth year of Jianning, there was an earthquake in Luoyang; the sea water overflowed, and all the residents along the coast were swept into the sea by big waves.

In the first year of Guanghe, the female chicken turned into a male. On the first day of June, more than ten feet of black air flew into Wenxiong Hall.

In autumn and July, a rainbow appeared in Yutang; all the shores of Wuyuan Mountain collapsed. All kinds of ominousness are not limited to one end.

The emperor issued an edict and asked the ministers about the reasons for the disaster. Cai Yong, the eunuch, believed that the transformation of Ni into chicken was caused by Fusi's interference in politics. His words were quite straightforward. Emperor Lanzou sighed.

As he was changing his clothes, Cao Jie peeped behind him and announced his left and right sides. He then framed Yong for other things and released him into the fields. Later, Zhang Rang, Zhao Zhong, Feng Xu, Duan Gui, Cao Jie, Hou Lan, Jian Shuo, Cheng Kuang, Xia Yun, and Guo Sheng became friends and became traitors, and they were named "Ten Constant Attendants".

The emperor believed in Zhang Rang and called him "father". The government is deteriorating day by day, causing confusion among the people of the world and the rise of thieves.

At that time, there were three brothers in Julu County, one was Zhang Jiao, the other was Zhang Bao, and the other was Zhang Liang. That Zhang Jiao was originally a talented scholar. He went into the mountains to collect herbs and met an old man with blue eyes and a childish face. He held a quinoa staff. He called Zhang Jiao to a cave and taught him the three volumes of the Book of Heaven. He said: "This is called "The Essential Techniques of Taiping". "If you get it, it will be proclaimed by heaven and save the world. If you have a different intention, you will definitely get evil retribution."

I asked him his name. The old man said: "I am an old immortal from Nanhua."

After saying this, he turned into a breeze and left. Jiao obtained this book, studied it day and night, and was able to control the wind and rain, and was named "Taoist Taoist of Taiping".

In the first month of the first year of Zhongping, an epidemic prevailed. Zhang Jiao spread Fu Shui to treat people's illnesses, calling himself a "great virtuous teacher". Jiao has more than 500 disciples who travel far and wide, all of whom can write talismans and recite incantations.

After this time, there were many disciples. They were standing in thirty-six squares. There were more than ten thousand people in the big side and six or seven thousand in the small side. Each of them had a canal commander and was called a general. They falsely said: "The sky is dead. Huang Tiandang will be established; if the year is Jiazi, the world will be auspicious." Everyone was asked to write the word "Jiazi" on the door of their home with white clay.

People from the eight states of Qing, You, Xu, Ji, Jing, Yang, Yan, and Henan all serve the name of the great sage Zhang Jiao. Jiao sent his party Ma Yuanyi to exchange gold and silk secretly, and made friends with him, thinking that he would be an internal response.

Jiao discussed with his second brother and said: "The most rare thing is the people's heart. Now the people's heart is in line. It would be a pity if we don't take advantage of the situation to conquer the world."

So he made a private yellow flag. , Make an appointment to hold an event; on the one hand, he sent his disciple Tang Zhou to write a letter to report Feng Xu. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhou Nai went directly to the province to report the rebellion.

The emperor summoned General He Jin to mobilize troops to capture Ma Yuanyi and behead him; then he imprisoned Feng Xu and others. Zhang Jiao heard about the governor's revelation and raised his troops at starry night. He called himself "General Tiangong", Zhang Bao called him "General Digong" and Zhang Liang called him "General Renggong".

He prophesied to everyone: "Today, the fate of the Han Dynasty is coming to an end, and the great sage has emerged. You all should obey the heavens and follow the righteousness, so that you can enjoy peace."

People from all over the world are wrapped in yellow scarves. The counterattack from Zhangjiao was four to five million. The thieves are so powerful that the officers and soldiers are overwhelmed.

He Jinzhuo issued an imperial edict immediately, ordering everyone to prepare for the defense and make meritorious deeds against the thieves. On the one hand, he sent the generals Lu Zhi, Huangfu Song and Zhu Jun to attack them in three separate groups with their best troops.

Let’s talk about Zhang Jiao’s army, which invaded the boundary of Youzhou. Liu Yan, the governor of Youzhou, was a native of Jingling, Jiangxia, and the descendant of King Gong of Hanlu.

At that time, I heard that the bandits were coming, so I summoned the school captain Zou Jing to make plans. Jing said: "There are many thieves and I have few soldiers. It is advisable for Ming Gong to recruit troops quickly to meet the enemy."

Liu Yan said this and immediately went out to recruit volunteers. The article went to Zhuoxian and led to a hero in Zhuoxian.

That man is not very good at reading; he has a gentle nature, few words, and his emotions and anger are inexpressible; he has always been ambitious and specializes in making friends with the world's heroes; he was born seven feet and five inches long, with two ears hanging down from his shoulders, and two hands. He is above the knees, his eyes can be directed towards his ears, his face is like a crown jade, and his lips are as if they were greased. After Liu Sheng, King Jing of Zhongshan, he was the great-great-grandson of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty. His surname was Liu, his given name was Bei, and his courtesy name was Xuande. In the past, Liu Zhen, the son of Liu Sheng, was granted the title of Marquis of Zhuolu Ting during the Han Dynasty. Later, he lost the title of Marquis of Zhuolu, so he left this branch in Zhuo County.

Xuande’s ancestor Liu Xiong and his father Liu Hong. Hong Zeng promoted filial piety and honesty, and also tried to serve as an official. He died early.

Xuande was an orphan and was extremely filial to his mother. His family was poor and he made a living by selling clothes and weaving mats. He lives in Lousang Village, this county.

Southeast of his home, there is a large mulberry tree, more than five feet high. Looking from a distance, children look like the hood of a car. The prime minister said: "This family must have a noble man."

When Xuande was young, he played with the children in the village under a tree and said: "I am the emperor, so I should ride on this chariot." His uncle Liu Yuanqi was surprised. He said, "This son is very human!" Seeing that Xuande's family was poor, he often gave him money.

When he was fifteen years old, his mother sent him on a study tour, where he studied under Zheng Xuan and Lu Zhi, and became friends with Gongsun Zan and others. By the time Liu Yan issued a notice to recruit troops, Xuande was already twenty-eight years old.

When I saw the announcement that day, I sighed deeply. Then a man said sternly: "If you don't contribute to the country, why do you sigh?" Xuande looked back at the man, who was eight feet long, with a leopard's head and eyes, a swallow's chin and a tiger's beard, his voice was like a huge thunder, and his power was like a galloping horse.

Xuande saw that his appearance was abnormal and asked his name. The person said: "A certain person's surname is Zhang, his given name is Fei, and his courtesy name is Yide.

He has lived in Zhuo County for a long time. He has a lot of farmland, sells wine and butchers pigs, and is good at making friends with the world's heroes.

Just then I saw the public sighing after looking at the list, so I asked him. "

Xuande said: "I am a descendant of the Han Dynasty. My surname is Liu and my given name is Bei. Now I hear that the Yellow Turbans are promoting chaos, and they are determined to destroy thieves and bring peace to the people, but they are unable to do so, so they sigh. "

Fei said: "I have quite a lot of money. How about recruiting local brave men to do great things together with the public? " Xuande was very happy, so he went into the village shop with his companions to drink.

In the drinking room, he saw a big man pushing a cart and rested at the front of the shop. After entering the shop and sitting down, he called the bartender. "Hurry up and pour some wine. I'll rush into the city to join the army." "Xuande looked at the man: he was nine feet long, and his beard was two feet long; his face was as heavy as a jujube, and his lips were as if they were greased; he had pink and phoenix eyes, and silkworm eyebrows. His appearance was dignified and majestic.

Xuande invited him. Sitting together, he asked his name. He said: "My surname is Guan, my given name is Yu, my courtesy name is Changsheng, later changed to Yunchang, and I am a good man from Hedong.

Because I was a powerful man who relied on his power to dominate others, I killed him and fled the world for five or six years. Now that I heard that troops are being recruited to defeat thieves here, I came here to apply. ”

Xuande then told him his ambition, and Yun Chang was very happy. They went to Zhangfei Village to discuss important matters. 4. The first chapter of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms banquet with the three sworn protagonists in Taoyuan

The first banquet of Taoyuan heroes and three sworn soldiers killed the Yellow Turban hero for his first meritorious service

In the late Han Dynasty, ten of the regular servants became traitors, the government was in decline, and the people were in chaos. The people supported the rebellion. Liu Bei didn't read much, he was kind-hearted, taciturn, and could not express his emotions or anger; his father died early and Xuande was an orphan at a young age, and he was extremely filial to his mother; his family was poor, and he made a living selling mats and weaving mats for the Han Dynasty. Clan sworn brother in Taoyuan, Liu Guanzhang defeated the Yellow Turbans in the county and Qingzhou in the second. When Cao Cao was young, he used tricks to make his father disobey his uncle's words. Xu Shao of Runan said that Cao Cao was a "treacherous hero who ruled the world." "When Cao Cao was expelling the Northern Wei of Luoyang, he was not only powerful but also famous. Because of the Yellow Turbans, he paid homage to the Cavalry Captain and led troops to conquer. The three Xuande brothers rescued Dong Zhuo who was defeated by Zhang Jiao. Seeing that Xuande was white, Zhuo couldn't help but As a courtesy, Zhang Fei wanted to kill him.

Liu Bei: Concerned about the country

Concerned about the people and the people's national affairs.

Guan Yu: Brave and good at fighting, very loyal.

Zhang Fei: bad-tempered, irritable, and impatient

Chapter 1: At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, heroes competed in the Central Plains, Liu Guan and Zhang Taoyuan were sworn brothers

Liu Bei had great ambitions and a close heart Common People

Guan Yu is unparalleled in his loyalty and both civil and military skills

Zhang Fei is reckless and irritable and eliminates evil and helps good people

Excerpted from Baidu netizens, thank you 5. The Great Heroes of the First Chapter of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Cherishing each other’s reading notes of the Three Brothers in Taoyuan

The Three Brothers in Taoyuan is a very well-known story in the novel "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". It has become a popular allusion. The three people formed an alliance to plan for world affairs and achieved great success. What a great achievement, this kind of cooperative relationship is worth learning from! So, as a lover of the Three Kingdoms, how do you evaluate this classic story?

Let me tell you three things first! A chance encounter between people: Many people commented that the three of them met under very coincidental circumstances, and that the three of them hit it off immediately and each had their own unique skills. This is really not the case. Let’s start with it

Speaking of Liu Bei, he was selling straw sandals there not just for one or two days, but for such a long time, he did not meet any heroes. And Guan Yu had become a wanted criminal because he killed bad guys, punished evil and promoted good. , so anonymity will not be too public, and they are also looking for a way out silently. In this environment, one day they will show their skills and express their ambitions, and then the opportunity will come. I I believe that the acquaintance of Guan Chang and Liu was not a coincidence one day

, but sooner or later and inevitable, as long as they are still operating in the same circle.

Secondly, let's do it. Let’s talk about the conditions for sworn friendship.

Liu Bei has great ambitions and is not just a simple weaver of mats and shoes. Once he meets the right helper, he will definitely establish his own business and build a kingdom. In other words, the conditions for forming an alliance are: A capable person can help Liu Bei, either with soldiers, horses, money and food, or with superior martial arts. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, this is officially the case! Zhang Fei was a wealthy local man. It was quite rare to have meat to eat in an era when people were dying of hunger. However, Zhang Fei had no shortage of meat to eat and no shortage of wine to drink. Wine was the most important food in ancient times. It’s a very luxurious thing. Just imagine if everyone doesn’t even have enough to eat, how can they be willing to use grain to make wine? Zhang Fei provided financial support to help Liu Bei achieve great things, which is also a necessary condition. Needless to say, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei's martial arts are the right helpers that Liu Bei has been looking for. In this state, why doesn't Liu Bei take action quickly and become sworn brothers with the two? Zhang Fei and Guan Yu also took a fancy to Liu Bei's identity, ambition and magnanimity, and they must have felt that this person was not a thing in the pool, and was destined to be a big deal, so the conditions for the friendship were complete.