Who can tell me the historical chronology of China?

The history of China can be divided into the following stages according to the years: especially the two periods of national subjugation and revival are worthy of attention.

Pre-Qin period (2 1 century ~ 22 1 year BC)

Qin and Han Dynasties (2265438 BC+0-220 AD)

Three Kingdoms, Jin Dynasty and Southern and Northern Dynasties (220 ~ 589)

Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties (58 1 ~ 960)

Song Liao Xia Jin (947 ~ 1279)

During the first national subjugation, Yuan Dynasty (127 1 ~ 1368)

Ming dynasty during the first Zionist period (1368 ~ 1644)

The second national subjugation in Qing Dynasty (1636 ~1911)

The Republic of China in the Second Zionist Period (19 12 ~ 1949)

People's Republic of China (PRC) (1949 65438+ 10/)

Pre-Qin period (2 1 century ~ 22 1 year BC)

Pre-Qin refers to the historical period from primitive social clubs to the Warring States period. Primitive society will experience primitive social life and the emergence of clan society. After joining the club, it experienced the historical stages of Xia, Shang and Western Zhou, including the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The pre-Qin period is an important historical stage in the transition from primitive society to civilized society in China's history.

Qin and Han Dynasties (2265438 BC+0-220 AD)

In 22 1 year BC, Qin Shihuang put an end to the long-term struggle between the warring States, completed the great cause of reunifying China, and established the first unified multi-ethnic country in the history of China-Qin (22 1 ~ 206 BC).

After the Qin Dynasty, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang and Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu successively established the Western Han Dynasty (206-25 BC) and the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220 BC), collectively known as the Han Dynasty.

Three Kingdoms, Jin Dynasty and Southern and Northern Dynasties (220 ~ 589)

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the yellow turban began to appear in the form of righteousness. In the process of suppressing the yellow turban insurrectionary, the powerful landlord strengthened his own strength and made it a melee. After that, it went through the Three Kingdoms (220 ~ 280), the Western Jin Dynasty (265 ~ 3 16), the Eastern Jin Dynasty (3 17 ~ 420) and the Southern and Northern Dynasties (386 ~ 589). During this period, Wei, Shu and Wuding were three pillars, the sixteen countries in the Eastern Jin Dynasty were deadlocked, and the Northern and Southern Dynasties were deadlocked for a long time.

Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties (58 1 ~ 960)

In 58 1 year, Qi Yangjian of the Northern Zhou Dynasty seized power and established the Sui Dynasty. In 589, the Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen and the North and South were unified. In 6 18, Tang Gaozu Li Yuan established the Tang Dynasty (6 18 ~ 907) with the support of his son Li Shimin. In 907, Zhu Wen usurped the Tang Dynasty as Liang, which was the beginning of the Five Dynasties (907-960). Almost at the same time, nine small countries appeared in the south, which were either parallel or continuous. Together with a small country in the north, it is called Ten Countries (902 ~ 979).

Song Liao Xia Jin (947 ~ 1279)

In 960, Zhao Kuangyin, the founder of the Song Dynasty, instigated the mutiny in Chen Qiao, and established the Later Zhou Dynasty (960 ~ 1279), which bound the division of the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries. At the same time, the Khitans established Liao in northern China (947 ~1125); Tangut people established Xixia Kingdom in the northwest of Song Dynasty (1038 ~ 1227). Song Dynasty, Liao Dynasty and Xixia were in full swing. 1 1 15 years, nuzhen established the whole country in the north (115 ~1234). Jin destroyed Liao in 1 125, attacked Kaifeng in 1 127, seized the emblem and the throne of Qin, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished. Zhao Gou, the ancestor of the Song Dynasty, took the position of Tianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) in Nanjing, then fled to Lin 'an (now Hangzhou) and stayed in Jiangnan for a long time, which was used by the Southern Song Dynasty.

During the first national subjugation, Yuan Dynasty (127 1 ~ 1368)

1206, Cheng Khan established Great Mongolia in the north of the desert, and then launched a predatory war on the border. After the Mongols destroyed Xixia (1227) and Jin (1234), they made three expeditions to the west, and soldiers pushed Balier (now Bolan) and Madzar (now Hungary) to Baghdad and Damask. Mongolia has become a great khanate across Europe and Asia. 1260, Yuan Zu suddenly came to power, worshiped Chinese law, reformed the old system, made Kaiping (Inner Mongolia) its capital and Yanjing (present-day Beijing) its capital. 127 1 year changed the country name to Dayuan. 1279 destroyed the southern song dynasty. 1368, the Ming army invaded the Yuan capital, Yuan withdrew from the Central Plains and returned to Mobei, and the Yuan Dynasty was bound.

Ming dynasty during the first Zionist period (1368 ~ 1644)

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhu Yuanzhang abandoned Cheng Xiang and took over the military and political power directly in order to strengthen the power of the central government. Compared with the previous generation, agriculture in Ming Dynasty has made great progress, such as silk weaving and porcelain making, as well as iron ore, copper casting, paper making and shipbuilding. Foreign economy, culture and cross-flow development. The navigator Zheng He made seven voyages to the Western Ocean, passing through more than 30 countries and regions in Asia and Africa. However, after the mid-Ming Dynasty, China was invaded by Japanese, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch and other countries.

The second national subjugation in Qing Dynasty (1636 ~1911)

16 16, after years of war, the Qing Taizu Nurhachi established the Houjin. 1636, Huang taiji changed his country name to Qing. 1644, the Qing army entered the customs and was destroyed. After the Qing Dynasty entered Shanhaiguan, it ruled China for 268 years, and there were 10 emperors in Shunzhi, Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi, Guangxu and Xuan Tong.

The policy of genocide in Qing Dynasty led to the overall retrogression of China's economy, politics and culture. Especially after Jia and Dao, political governance became more and more corrupt, the spear and shield of social association began to be stimulated, and national strength declined. 19 After the replacement of western colonists in the 1930s, a large number of crow slices were imported into China. 1839, the Qing government sent Lin Zexu to Guangdong to ban smoking. 1840, in order to protect the interests of crow slices, British colonists launched the Opium War in Ukraine, forcing the Qing government to sign the unequal treaty of nanking, and China gradually degenerated into a land society of semi-colonial people from the beginning. The failure of fighting between crows and birds increased people's burden. Finally, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement broke out in 185 1, which dealt a heavy blow to the Qing Dynasty. 1864, the Qing Dynasty colluded with foreign invaders to suppress the revolutionary life of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Zeng Guofan, Zuo, Li Hongzhang and Yi Bo started the Westernization Movement in China. Their political purpose was to suppress the people's counter-struggle and promote the military industry, but they played a leading role in the modernization process of China. With the introduction and influence of western culture, the school of turning assets into good materials appeared in the division of knowledge and action, and gradually evolved into the Reform Movement of 1898 headed by Kang Youwei. After the Empress Dowager Cixi suppressed the Reform Movement, she also suppressed the anti-imperialist and patriotic Boxer Movement. 19 1 1 year, Sun Yat-sen led the Revolution of 1911 and overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty.

The Republic of China in the Second Zionist Period (19 12 ~ 1949)

From the end of Qing Dynasty to 1949, the history of the establishment of China people and country was called China's people's country. This is a period of great changes in the history of China.

After the new victory, Sun Yat-sen established the People's Republic of China (PRC). However, the fruits of the revolution were quickly usurped by Yuan Shikai and other Beiyang military leaders. After that, the Beiyang government (19 12 ~ 1928) ruled the whole country independently, and voted for the empire abroad. Warlords have been fighting for years, and the people are in hot water.

192 1 year, the Communist Party of China (CPC) was established in Shanghai. 1924, cooperation between the state and * * *. 1June, 926, the People's Republic of China (PRC) government appointed Chiang Kai-shek as commander-in-chief of the People's Republic of China (PRC) Revolutionary Army, vowing to northern expedition. 1928, the announcement of unified governance of Beiyang government came to an end.

After the Communist Party of China (CPC) established his own armed forces, he led the people of China to experience agrarian revolution (1927 ~ 1937), anti-Japanese war (1937 ~ 1945) and liberation (1945 ~/kloc-0).

During this period, cultural changes are also remarkable. The "May 4th" New Culture Movement, with the title of "New Youth Year" founded by Chen Duxiu in 19 15, lashed out at traditional culture. After that, the names of democracy and science were deeply rooted in people's hearts, vernacular Chinese was widely popularized, and remarkable achievements were made in education, science and publishing, especially social sciences and arts and crafts.

People's Republic of China (PRC) (1949 65438+ 10/)

1 949 65438+1October1,the people of China and the country were established. As a result, the history of China has entered a transitional period and a socialist period of establishing social clubs.