Talk about the embodiment of the two ideological cores of Ba Jin's creation. It is best to combine Ba Jin's works.

Political criticism is the first systematic discourse mode in the field of Ba Jin's criticism. Today, this kind of criticism seems so dogmatic and even bloody. However, it is the basic train of thought for a generation of China people to understand and evaluate Ba Jin after all. Therefore, in reviewing the history of Ba Jin's criticism, we should still leave a trail for political criticism. I'm afraid it's only a very rough stroke.

The formation of the discourse mode of political criticism should be traced back to the vigorous discussion of Ba Jin's works in 1958. This discussion is not a free and equal discussion or dialogue, but a formation and criticism of authoritative discourse. It is mainly composed of China Youth and Literary Knowledge. At the same time, it also spread to nearly ten publications, such as Wen Wei Po, Youth Daily, Guangming Daily, Literary Review, Journal of Wuhan University, etc. The representative words of political criticism should be Ba Jin's creation criticism by Ba Jin's creation research group of Chinese Department of Beijing Normal University, Ba Jin's creation discussion by Ba Jin's creation research group of Chinese Department of Wuhan University, and Wang Hongwen and Li Xifan's critical words. Political criticism continues to exist and proliferate. The Album of Ba Jin compiled by Jia Zhifang and others contains three critical articles during the Cultural Revolution. They are Hu Wanchun and Tang Kexin's Exposing Ba Jin's Counter-revolutionary True Face, Shanghai Writers Association Revolutionary Rebel Corps, Shanghai Workers' Revolutionary Literary Creation Team's Counter-revolutionary Trilogy and Comment on Ba Jin's War Literature. Of course, this is only political criticism. Political criticism is actually a specific ideological vision. Under this vision, Ba Jin and his literary works will always have negative ideological significance. To sum up, political criticism is aggressive in any case, but its connotation is very boring, which is nothing more than the following political verdict. Ba Jin is a "reactionary" and "bourgeois" writer. Because Ba Jin believes in "anarchism", Anarchism does have a profound influence on Ba Jin's creation. Therefore, political criticism holds that Ba Jin's "opposition to class struggle" and "opposition to proletarian dictatorship" is "the mortal enemy of scientific socialism". Political criticism has also been analyzed and criticized one by one accordingly.

The discourse mode of political criticism has lasted for nearly twenty years in the development of Ba Jin's critical history. The rigid ideological interpretation framework doomed this discourse mode to be dogmatic and patterned. For this kind of political criticism, Everyone in China is so familiar and disgusted that although we can't cross it, we are never willing to spend even a little more time on it. Fortunately, history will always be a rushing river. Political criticism soon became a small episode in the history of Ba Jin's criticism.

2. Humanistic criticism

Ba Jin's criticism recovered from political criticism did not immediately move into the open world of aesthetic criticism and cultural criticism. Due to the great pressure of vulgar ideology, the primary task of Ba Jin's criticism in the new period is to eliminate the political criticism of Ba Jin since the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially since the Cultural Revolution. Explain Ba Jin's revolutionary democracy and humanitarian significance. Humanistic criticism has become the dominant discourse of Ba Jin's criticism since the 198s.

The essence of humanistic criticism is to re-affirm Ba Jin from a new ideology and re-evaluate his significance and position in China's literary history in the 2th century. Generally speaking, humanistic criticism, as a stereotyped discourse mode, Its main connotation is to reshape the classic image of Ba Jin's revolutionary democratic and humanist writers. Chen Sihe clearly pointed out: "Humanism is the basis for Ba Jin to accept the influence of other thoughts, the foundation and core of his social and political thoughts, which restricts the development of his whole thoughts and naturally determines his whole creative tendency. Only by deeply understanding Ba Jin's humanitarianism can we accurately grasp the key to his ideological development. Only then can we accurately understand Ba Jin, a writer with particularity in the history of new literature. "Humanistic criticism and political criticism are tit for tat, holding that the leading idea of Ba Jin's works lies in anti-feudalism and individual liberation. Ba Jin's works vividly show the evil of feudal autocratic family and the cannibalism of feudal patriarchal ethics, and show the historical fate of the inevitable demise of feudal system. Therefore, Ba Jin is a writer of revolutionary democracy. Is a progressive writer.

In the research mode of humanistic criticism, Chen Danchen's Biography of Ba Jin (Hebei People's Edition, 1981), Li Cunguang's Literary Road during Ba Jin's Democratic Revolution (Ningxia People's Edition, 1982), Tan Xingguo's Life and Creation of Ba Jin (Sichuan People's Edition, 1983), Wang Yingguo's On Ba Jin (Shanghai Literature and Art Edition, 1985), Chen Si and AARON Li's Essays on Ba Jin (People's Literature Edition, 1986) and Li Cunguang's Biography of Ba Jin (Literature Edition, October, 1992) are all representative works. Until today, humanistic criticism is still the dominant discourse in many literary history comments on Ba Jin.

From some concrete examples, we can understand the interpretation strategies of humanistic criticism on Ba Jin, such as the torrent trilogy. Humanistic criticism has a completely different meaning from political criticism. Chen Danchen's A Biography of Ba Jin is the first work to adopt humanistic criticism since the new period. The strategy of humanistic criticism is very representative in his comments on Home. He believes that this work shows Ba Jin's "fighting spirit" towards the whole feudal ethical code system. "Home" mercilessly tears open the solemn coat shrouded in this dark kingdom like a sharp knife. Thoroughly exposed the festering and stinking abscess inside it, making people deeply feel that such an ugly life can no longer continue, and they can't help but shout out the strong voice of "overthrowing this system" and "overthrowing this system". Tan Xingguo also believes in Ba Jin's Life and Creation that "the outstanding achievement of Home is that through the history of a feudal family from prosperity to decline, Concentrate on accusing the evils of feudal autocracy. "Understanding the theme of Home as a criticism of feudal family system and ethical code system and a cry for individual liberation conforms to Ba Jin's personal interpretation of his works in terms of creative intention, and can also get more practical evidence in objective texts. It is for these reasons that humanistic criticism shows its unique role in Ba Jin's research. And dominated the writing of a large number of modern literary history in China.

However, humanistic criticism has great limitations in the interpretation of Ba Jin's literary texts, which are mainly manifested in two aspects. First, as a fixed criticism mode, humanistic criticism often evolves into dogmatic criticism with thousands of people. All interpretations of Ba Jin's works ultimately come down to the theme of "anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism"; All the explanations of Ba Jin's thoughts are finally focused on the concept of "revolutionary democracy". In this way, free criticism completely loses its individuality and becomes a graphic illustration of certain ideas. The patterning of humanistic criticism makes every criticism that adopts this criticism form eloquent but unanimous. Humanistic criticism does not look like criticism but some kind of social declaration and political judgment.

Secondly, Humanistic criticism also blocks the broad ideological space that Ba Jin's criticism may have. The limitation of humanistic criticism mainly lies in its too strong realistic pertinence-defending Ba Jin's ideology. In order to correct the misinterpretation and negation of Ba Jin by political criticism, humanistic criticism especially focuses on excavating Ba Jin's humanitarianism and revolutionary democracy. On the surface, this kind of criticism is really a rebellion against traditional political ideology criticism, but in essence, It still can't really break away from the interpretation framework of political ideology. Humanistic criticism just changes the interpretation standard from one ideology to another.

It doesn't mean that the ideological system of "revolutionary democracy" or "humanitarianism" held by humanistic criticism is not desirable, nor does it mean that the ideological system held by humanistic criticism can't keep up with that held by political criticism. Instead, the ideological criticism system always has its own theoretical blind spots and defects. For example, the humanistic criticism of the image of Zeng Shusheng in Cold Night is like this. We know that the discourse mode of political criticism has always condemned this female image and regarded her as a typical image of pursuing the decadent lifestyle of the exploiting class. The humanistic criticism is not. On the contrary, And regard her as a victim and victim. Wang Yingguo thinks: "The desire to pursue happiness is always restricted by objective conditions. When the national crisis, political corruption, sick husband and family life depend on her, a conscientious person should consider his own responsibilities, but Zeng Shusheng is not like this, which should be condemned." However, "Although she has many things to blame, As well as her low social status, she is still a victim-a victim who has harmed others. "Understanding Zeng Shusheng as a" victim "also defines her literary significance as" an accusation against Kuomintang rule and Japanese invaders ".This shows that humanistic criticism should attribute ideological values and characters to its specific ideological interpretation framework anyway. In fact, Zeng Shusheng's image has not only ideological connotation. Her choice of life path, questioning of life meaning and pursuit of independent personality are actually a modern existential proposition. Through the investigation of Zeng Shusheng's image, it is entirely possible for us to enter a broader discourse space. However, the rigid ideological framework of humanistic criticism has blocked such an ideological path.