How to read architectural drawings

What do you think of architectural drawings?

Key points of drawing recognition and drawing review in building engineering Before the project starts, the drawings should be recognized and reviewed, and then the blue prints.the design.

If you have experience in reading and examining drawings, and master some key points, you will get twice the result with half the effort. Now I will talk about my experience in drawing and examining drawings for reference.

The procedure of drawing recognition and drawing review is: be familiar with the function of the proposed project, the plane size of the project, and the elevation size of the project. Check the error-prone parts of the construction drawing and check whether there is any improvement. First, after being familiar with the functional diagram of the proposed project, first understand what the function of this project is, is it a factory building or an office building? Is it a mall or a dormitory? After understanding the function, think of some basic sizes and decorations. For example, the floor of the bathroom is generally made of ceramic tiles, and the floor elevation of the bathroom and balcony buildings is generally a few centimeters lower; The scale of the workshop must meet the needs of production, especially the needs of equipment installation.

Finally, read the architectural description and be familiar with the project decoration. Second, be familiar with and review the size of the project plan. Generally speaking, the construction plan of a building project has three aspects. The first dimension is the detail dimension, the second dimension is the axis dimension and the third dimension is the total dimension.

Check whether the sum of the first dimension is equal to the second dimension, whether the sum of the second dimension is equal to the third dimension, and pay attention to whether the edge axis is the center line of the wall. The drawing habit in Guangdong Province is that the side axis is the outer line of the external wall. Look at the size of the project plan, first understand the construction plan, then understand the construction plan of this floor, and finally understand the construction drawings of water, electricity and air conditioning installation, equipment technology and secondary decoration, and check whether they are consistent.

After being familiar with the size of the apartment, check whether it meets the use requirements, such as checking whether the apartment is convenient to use and whether the lighting and ventilation are good. When reading the dimensions of the next floor plan, check whether there is any inconsistency with the upper floor plan.

Three, familiar with and review the engineering elevation size. The construction drawings of general construction projects include elevation, section and stair section, all of which have the information of the elevation size of the project; The elevation of this floor is generally marked on the building plan and construction plan; In the beam table, there is generally beam surface elevation; Basic details and other details are generally marked with elevation. Through these construction drawings, we can master the elevation dimensions of the project.

Generally, the facade has three dimensions, the first is the detailed dimensions such as the height of windowsill, doors and windows, the second is the height dimension, and the facade is marked, and the third is the total height. The inspection method is the same as the size of each lane on the inspection plane, that is, whether the sum of the first lane sizes is equal to the second lane size and whether the sum of the second lane sizes is equal to the third lane size.

Check whether the elevation of each floor in the elevation view is consistent with that in the building plan, and then check whether the elevation of the building is consistent with that of the building. The elevation of each floor in the construction drawing should not be exactly the same as that of the corresponding floor in the construction drawing, because the floor elevation in the construction drawing is the elevation after the project is completed, and the floor elevation in the construction drawing is only the elevation of the structural surface, excluding the height of the decoration surface. The construction drawing elevation of the same floor should be several centimeters higher than the construction drawing.

Special attention should be paid to this point, because in some construction drawings, the construction icon is marked high on the corresponding construction drawing paper. If you don't pay attention, you will make mistakes in the construction. Familiar with the elevation, mainly check whether the elevation of the top of doors and windows is consistent with the elevation of the bottom of the upper beam; Check whether the horizontal dimension and elevation of the stair tread are wrong, and check whether the vertical clearance size under the ladder beam is greater than 2. 1 m, and whether there is a meeting phenomenon; If there is a terrace on the middle floor, check whether the elevation of the terrace is lower than the indoor level; Check whether the floor of the bathroom and bathroom building is a few centimeters lower, if not, check whether there are measures to prevent overflow; Finally, combined with the installation of water, electricity and air conditioning, equipment technology and secondary decoration construction drawings, check whether the building height meets the functional requirements.

4. Check the error-prone places in the construction drawing. After you are familiar with the size of the construction project, check the mistakes in the construction drawing. The main inspection contents are as follows: 1. Check whether the slope direction of parapet concrete coping is inward. 2, check whether there is a beam under the brick wall.

3, beam on the structural plane, whether all the reinforcement in the beam table. 4. Check whether the height of the main beam is lower than that of the secondary beam.

5. Beams, slabs and columns are similar in the same span, but there are great differences in reinforcement. If there are any, they need to be re-inspected. 6. When the beam and shear wall are arranged on the same straight line, check whether the width of the beam exceeds the thickness of the wall.

7. When the beam is supported on the shear wall and column respectively, check whether the center line of the beam is parallel or coincident with the axis, and check whether the width of the beam extends out of the wall or column. If yes, it shall be submitted for design treatment. 8. Check whether the minimum spacing of reinforced beams meets the requirements of construction acceptance specifications. When ribbed threaded steel bars are used in this project, because the workers bend the steel bars when processing them, the diameter of the steel bars should be the original steel bar diameter plus the rib thickness of about 21mm.

9. Check whether there is an awning on the door of the indoor balcony, and check whether the center of the awning on the structural plane coincides with the center line of the door of the construction drawing. 10, when the design requirements and construction acceptance specifications are different.

As often mentioned in the list, on the same section, the number of columns that can overlap on each side is less than 4 columns. However, the construction acceptance specification requires that the overlapping area of steel bars in the same section shall not exceed 50%.

1 1. Check whether there is any contradiction between the structural description and the structural plane, details, content and construction description in the beam-column table. 12, the single foundation system is stressed in both directions, and the reinforcement along the short side is generally placed on the reinforcement along the long side. Check whether the reinforcement in the foundation details of the construction drawing is wrongly drawn.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) examines whether the original construction drawing has been improved, and puts forward suggestions for improvement from three aspects: it is beneficial to engineering construction, it is beneficial to ensuring building quality and it is beneficial to engineering aesthetics. 1. Suggestions for improving the construction drawing are put forward from the perspective of engineering construction. ① The adjacent span of continuous frame beam on the structural plane will be very large. When the negative moment reinforcement of the intermediate bearing is anchored separately, the reinforcement at the beam-column joint will be too dense and the concrete will not be compacted easily. It can be suggested to designers that negative reinforcement can be connected as much as possible.

(2) When the negative reinforcement of the bearing is full-length, it will cause the beam surface reinforcement with small span and small beam width to be too dense to pour concrete. It can be suggested that under the premise of ensuring the negative reinforcement of the beam, the Liang Kuan of each span should be kept consistent as far as possible, and only the height of the beam should be adjusted, so as to facilitate gluten connection and concrete pouring. (3) When the structural modeling is complex and it is difficult to complete the structural construction of a certain part at one time, the specific construction is proposed to the design.

How to quickly learn to understand some symbols in construction drawings and drawings?

If you haven't come into contact with the professional architectural knowledge, I suggest you visit the construction site more often, and you can copy a drawing and learn step by step with the progress of the field project. You need a ruler to measure it yourself, a pen to record it, and carefully mark it on the map. I suggest you start with the general dormitory. Frame and shear wall structures are relatively difficult, and the workshop is a little more complicated for technicians. What about the dormitory? If you can, you can go to the construction site more often and start with concealed works. First, the foundation, don't try to make it clear at once. Then the main structure, and finally the decoration project. This drawing is to shrink the building. The designer made it clear to the constructors through paper that the samples would be released as engineering entities. As for those symbols, you can go to the bookstore to buy an architectural drawing. There are civil works and water and electricity. The combination of drawings, books and venues is definitely an example. That's how I learned it. Of course, I majored in engineering survey before, but there are very few things that are really used in the field. ).

What do you think of architectural drawings?

It's not that I don't know the construction drawing, but that I'm not familiar with the labeling of the architectural standard design atlas. There are many specifications used in architectural design, which can not be fully expressed in general construction drawings. You can only tell people in words in the general description of architectural design and architectural structure design. For example, in the general description of building construction design, there are design basis, design elevation, wall masonry and mortar marking, roof, doors and windows, waterproofing and so on. In the general description of building structure design, there are design basis, building classification grade, main load value, main structural materials, foundation engineering, reinforced concrete engineering, masonry engineering, etc. You can find the general description of the building structure (marked in reinforced concrete engineering and masonry engineering)! .

What about architectural drawing?

Look at the construction drawing deeply and carefully, grasp the key points and understand the design intention. Let's take architecture as an example to talk about how to read construction drawings.

First, read the design instructions carefully. Design description is the procedure of construction drawing, which mainly includes the following contents:

1. Overview of building engineering-building name, construction site and construction unit;

2. Technical indicators-building area, building engineering grade, design service life, building number, building height, fire resistance grade, civil air defense engineering protection grade, roof waterproof grade, basement waterproof grade, seismic fortification intensity, etc. ;

3. Special design-fire protection, civil air defense, barrier-free, energy saving, etc. ;

4. Basic practices-wall, waterproof and moistureproof, doors and windows, elevators, glass curtain walls, glass, etc.

If you understand these contents, you will know the basic situation of the building.

plane graph

1. Find the compass. Although most drawings are high in the north and low in the south, there are exceptions. You must "look north" before looking at the picture.

2. Look at the location of the entrance, stairs, elevators and escalators and the direction of the corridor, understand the traffic organization inside the building, and "walk through" the building in your mind.

3. Look at the layout of shaft net, column and shear wall to understand the building structure system.

4. Look at the layout of the gutter, rainwater outlet and rainwater pipeline on each plane to understand the rainwater drainage system.

5. Pay attention to practice index, detail index and cutting symbol.

Elevation and section views

1. See clearly the corresponding relationship with the plane;

2. Look at the height of the building;

3. Node structure label number

Detail-Look at the corresponding plan, elevation and section to find out where it is.

In addition, we should pay attention to the combination with other professional drawings. The construction drawing is supported by several majors, so we can't look at one major in isolation. For example, fire pool, water professional design size and connecting pipes; Location and access of building layout; Structural design, pool wall reinforcement; Electrical installation, fire fighting, water level detection, etc.

It should also be noted that there are no clear practices in the drawings, such as "ordering finished products" and "designing by professional companies".

In short, looking at a picture is to sort out a few lines and then string them together. If you watch more, you will naturally watch it, just as the advertisement says-"The more you appreciate, the more you know how to appreciate".

How to read architectural engineering drawings

Tell you, there are several classifications of building construction drawings, such as building construction drawings, building structure construction drawings, building drainage construction drawings, building electrical equipment construction drawings, fire protection construction drawings, etc. The basic drawings you mentioned are generally structural construction drawings.

How to read the map? First of all, you have to have a basic knowledge of architectural knowledge and some knowledge of architectural engineering to read maps. Now, if you have some basic knowledge of architecture, the construction drawing means that people represent an object from three angles. (plane, elevation, section), the designer of each picture will try to express his design intention in various ways. Then how do you understand and see the designer's design content? Let's talk about the building elevation, total building height, roof drainage slope, what insulation is used for the roof, the height of doors and windows, the height of each floor, what is the external wall decoration, the installation position of drainage pipes and sewage pipes, and the indoor and outdoor height difference.

After you know the basic drawings, you should continue to study the architectural structure diagram, which represents all the contents in the housing framework. For example, the size of steel bars, the grade of steel bars, the spacing of steel bars, and various overlaps in steel bar specifications. Anchorage length, brick masonry thickness, mortar label, concrete mixture ratio, etc. Drainage, electricity, etc. Not mentioned here)

Further down, you will systematically learn professional knowledge in all aspects of architecture. For the structural drawing, why does the beam have such a large section? Why use a rectangle? Why can't I use a circle? Square? Why do you need such a big steel bar? Why use C25 concrete? For architectural drawings, why should they be designed so high? Why is the height more than 2.7-3 meters? Why is the door so wide and so high? Why do stairs generally use two steps? Why is the grade so high? Indoor bay. Why is the depth wide and deep? Wait a minute. Let's not talk about anything else. You'll know everything if you really start doing it! !

What do you think of architectural drawings?

It's not that I don't know the construction drawing, but that I'm not familiar with the labeling of the architectural standard design atlas. There are many specifications used in architectural design, which can not be fully expressed in general construction drawings. You can only tell people in words in the general description of architectural design and architectural structure design. For example, in the general description of building construction design, there are design basis, design elevation, wall masonry and mortar marking, roof, doors and windows, waterproofing and so on. In the general description of building structure design, there are design basis, building classification grade, main load value, main structural materials, foundation engineering, reinforced concrete engineering, masonry engineering, etc. You can find the general description of the building structure (marked in reinforced concrete engineering and masonry engineering)! .

How do novices look at construction drawings?

1, as shown in the elevation:

Elevation means that the corresponding absolute elevation is defined as +/-0.000 (for example, Minghui 12# Building 27.5), which is also called relative elevation. In buildings, the absolute elevation of the first floor indoor ground is generally 0.000.

2. Look at the compass:

The pointer points to the north, which indicates the direction of the building relative to the north on the graph. Generally, the direction of looking at a picture is like this: up north, down south, left west and right east.

3. Look at the positioning axis:

Mark on the bottom and left side of the drawing, horizontal numbers are written in * * * from left to right, and vertical numbers are written in capital Latin letters from bottom to top. I, o and z of Latin letters shall not be used as shaft numbers. Because in order to distinguish the numbers 1, 0, 2, etc. Just to avoid unnecessary confusion, GB/T 5000 1-200 1 unified standards for architectural drawing also stipulate that it cannot be used.

4. View index symbols and detail symbols:

In the construction drawing, sometimes it is impossible to express a certain part clearly because of the scale problem. In order to facilitate the construction, it is necessary to draw a detailed drawing. In general, index symbols are used to indicate the position where the detail is drawn, the number of the detail, and the drawing number where the detail is located.

5. Look at the lead:

Lead lines are used for text description, dimension marking and index details of some parts on the drawing, and are drawn with thin solid lines. The text description should be written at the top or end of the horizontal line.