Why are there so many doors in Beijing? What was the use in the past? You'd better explain them in detail, the more detailed the better.

when Liu Bowen built the city of Beijing, * * * set up nine city gates, which is often referred to as the "nine inner cities" of Beijing.

Although most of the nine gates in Kyoto are gone today, it is interesting to recall their historical stories. The special use of the nine gates in the inner city tells the historical evolution of the gates in Beijing. Now let's talk about the functions of these doors, mainly about the characteristics and functions of each door in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Chaoyangmen: It was originally called Qihua Gate, and all the grain in the nine warehouses in the gate was transported from this gate. Therefore, a bunch of ears of grain was carved in the cave of Wengcheng Gate, and there was an endless stream of grain trucks coming and going during the festival of filling warehouses in Kyoto. "Chaoyang grain ear" is the first person to welcome the gods when transporting grain from south to north. Grain truck. In the past, there was no railway traffic. The grain produced in the south must be transported to Tongzhou (now Tongxian County) in the east of Beijing by water. By the way, Tongzhou is divided into Nantong and North Tongzhou, and there is a famous pair "Nantong, North Tongzhou, North Tongzhou, South Tongzhou, North Tongzhou, South Tongzhou, North Tongzhou, North Tongzhou, South Tongzhou", which is exactly what happened. After the grain arrives in Tongzhou, it will be loaded into the city. Chaoyangmen is the only way into the city. Therefore, on the ceiling of the gate of Chaoyangmen, there is a grain ear carved. When the grain enters Chaoyangmen, it is stored in a nearby granary. At present, the place names in Chaoyangmen include "Lumi Warehouse", "Maritime Warehouse" and "New Taicang", all of which were warehouses for storing grain in those years.

Chongwen Gate: Yuan called Wenming Gate, commonly known as "Hade Gate" and "Haidai Gate". Chongwenmen is famous for its iron turtle in Zhenhai Temple in Zuoshou Town, Wengcheng. In addition, the heavy tax clearance of Chongwenmen also makes foreign businessmen daunting. The name "Chongwen Iron Turtle" resounded all over Kyoto. Take the wine cart, the wine road is outside the city. Most of the fine wines of that year were shipped from Zhuozhou and other places in Hebei Province, so it is natural to take the south road when entering Beijing. The wine truck advanced to Zuo 'anmen in the outer city, and then went to Chongwenmen to pay taxes. At that time in the Qing Dynasty, the signboard selling liquor in Beijing had to say "South Road Soju", which meant that I had paid taxes, and my liquor was not pirated. Of course, there was no property right at that time, hehe. One of the Yangliuqing New Year pictures in the late Qing Dynasty is called "Qiu Jiang's Late Crossing". Its picture is painted with wine sapporo, with the words "South Road" and "Yu Jiu" written on it, which reflects this good fashion of paying taxes for all. In the past, outside Chongwenmen, there was an iron turtle in the northeast, and its shape was very simple. It was said that there was a sea eye under the bridge of the moat, so people used a turtle to hold the sea eye and protect the peace of Beijing.

Zhengyangmen: Yuan is called Li's main entrance, and Beijing people commonly call it "front door", which echoes with Di 'anmen (commonly called back door) from north to south. Guandi Temple in Wengcheng is the first of the nine gates, so it is called "Zhengyang Guandi". Zhengyangmen, also known as the "national gate", entered and exited this gate because of the emperor's dragon car. Take the "dragon car". Zhengyangmen is located in the middle of the inner city south wall, which is dedicated to the emperor. The emperor goes out of Zhengyangmen twice a year, once in winter, to worship the heaven in the Temple of Heaven, and once in shock, to cultivate the land in the Xiannongtan. These two trips are to take the Zhengyang Gate. Zhengyangmen, also called Qianmen, was here on February 3, 1949 when Beiping was liberated and the People's Liberation Army held a ceremony to enter the city. The "Daqianmen" cigarette is also named after it. Do you remember the design on the cigarette case? Yes, that's the majestic Zhengyang Gate, and the opposite picture shows the Arrow Tower built in the 4th year of Ming Dynasty (1439).

Xuanwu Gate: It was originally called Shuncheng Gate (the rumored Shunzhi Gate), and outside Xuanwu Gate was the execution ground of Caishikou. Prison wagons often came and went from this gate, which was called "Death Gate". It is memorable that the noon cannon on the urn rang every day, which shocked the capital, and the Beijingers used this as a time to say "Xuanwu noon cannon". Take the prison car. Because the execution ground is located in the food market outside Xuanwu Gate. The prisoner was examined and determined by the Ministry of Punishment, and went out from Xuanwu Gate, where he was asked to be beheaded. There are three big characters engraved on the ceiling of the gate of Xuanwumen: "It's late to regret", but it's not late to regret. It's time to ask questions, and there's still time to regret. Caishikou is the downtown area of Beijing. People from southern provinces have to pass through it when crossing the Lugou Bridge, entering Guang 'anmen and then entering the inner city of Beijing. It was a famous killing place a long time ago. There is no fixed place for the execution ground at Caishikou. Usually, a judge is set up at the door of a merchant or pharmacy in the north of Caishikou Road. At the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang, the prime minister of the Song Dynasty who was imprisoned by the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty for four years, was finally killed at Caishikou because he refused to give in. On the execution ground, he solemnly supervised the beheading officer and said, "What I can do for the Song Dynasty is finally finished now", and then he died generously. Tan Sitong, one of the six gentlemen in the Reform Movement of 1898, once shouted out his heroic last words here, "If you are willing to kill a thief, you will be powerless to return to heaven, and you will die a fair death, and you will be quick and quick", which added a chill to this execution ground.

Fuchengmen: Yuan is Pingze Gate, which is far away from Chaoyang Gate in the east and west. There are many coal cars coming in and out of Tougou and Zhaitang in Jingximen. Therefore, the merchants of coal stacks in the doorway of Wengcheng collect money to carve a bunch of plum blossoms. "Plum" and "coal" are homophonic. Whenever the north wind cries, the sky is white, and people around the oven praise: "Plum blossoms in Fucheng herald warm spring". Take the coal car. Because the Mentougou area in the west of Beijing is a coal-producing area, all the coal used in Beijing is transported from there. Mentougou coal will enter Beijing, and the nearest gate is Fuchengmen.

Xizhimen: Yuan called Heyimen, is the sister gate of Dongzhimen. The legend of "Gao Liang drives water" is well known, and all the royal waterwheels from Yuquan Mountain to the imperial city go through this gate. Therefore, a white marble water pattern stone carving is carved in the doorway of Wengcheng, and everyone in Beijing knows "West Straight Water Pattern". Take the waterwheel. The gate hole in Xizhimen is engraved with ripples of water. In the past, emperors did not drink the water in the city, because the water in the city was bitter, and they only drank the water from Yuquan Mountain. Listen, Yuquan Mountain, this water makes people feel sweet. Emperor Qianlong once boasted that the spring of Yuquan Mountain in Beijing is the first spring in the world. This is not a legend. Now that science has advanced, people send this water for identification. It is indeed less impurities and pure in taste.

Deshengmen: Yuan is the door of health, and it is the door of sending troops to battle. The message is "Desheng". In the forty-three years of Qianlong, there was no harvest in the drought. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Gaozong went to the Ming Tombs and arrived at Deshengmen, when there was heavy snow. Apart from the summer heat of the year, Emperor Gaozong was very happy to make a poem "Pray for Snow", and there was a tablet with a yellow top. The height of the tablet made the stone carvings of other doors incomparable, so it was called "Pray for Snow in Desheng". Personnel carriers. The north is basaltic according to the stars. Xuanwu is the main sword soldier, so he sends troops to fight and usually goes out of the city from the north gate. It was named Deshengmen. There is a gun on the east wall of Deshengmen. However, this gun is not used for fighting, but for telling the time. At noon every day, Deshengmen and Xuanwumen fired a cannon at the same time, and the people in the city listened to the cannon. However, people in Beijing call it "Xuanwu noon cannon" but don't say "Desheng noon cannon". It is estimated that Xuanwu Gate always kills people at noon, and when the guns ring, people fall to the ground, which is more famous than Bidengmen. The treasures in Deshengmen Wengcheng should be counted as a pavilion in the middle. A tall stone tablet stands in the pavilion, engraved with a royal poem written by Emperor Qianlong at the age of 62 (1797). The emperor's father at that time recalled the eventful years of the past and expressed his lofty sentiments on the word "Desheng".

Andingmen: Yuan called Anzhen Gate. This gate was closed to troops for victory. Among the nine gates in Jingdu, there are eight Guandi Temple built in the urn city, and Zhenwu Temple built in Wei 'anding Gate, which is unique among all the gates. From the photos taken in 1924, the buildings are neat and the layout is refined. "Stability and Zhenwu" has a unique style among all the schools. What bus should I take to Andingmen? Beijing's saying is that the chariot will return to the city and take the door of stability-sending troops to win and withdrawing troops will naturally settle down. What if you lose the battle? Look, you're fighting again. If you lose the battle, you have to go back to andingmen. I didn't win this time. It's not too late to settle down next time. There is also a saying that all the elite soldiers of the Eight Banners of the Qing Dynasty camped in Andingmen, so the soldiers returned here. Actually, it's not like that at all. The Qing Dynasty implemented the system of dividing the flag and the people into cities in Beijing. The Eight Banners are divided into Manchu Eight Banners, Mongolian Eight Banners and Han Eight Banners. One * * is yellow, white, red, blue and yellow, white, red and blue. After the officers and men of the Eight Banners and their families were stationed in Beijing, the Qing court ordered to occupy the houses in the inner city for the banners to live in. Han people and Hui people who used to live in the inner city all moved to live in the outer city. The inner city is centered on the imperial city and divided into four corners by the Eight Banners-two yellow flags are located in the north: the yellow flag is located in Andingmen, and the yellow flag is located in Deshengmen; Two white flags live in the east: the white flag is located in Chaoyangmen and the white flag is located in Dongzhimen; The two red flags live in the west: the red flag is embedded in Fuchengmen and the red flag is located in Xizhimen; The two blue flags live in the south: the inlaid blue flag is located in Xuanwu Gate, and the zhenglan flag is located in Chongwen Gate. We don't need to retreat there. Let's all take the Andingmen. In fact, Andingmen took a dung cart, because the vicinity of Ditan used to be the main dung yard in Beijing. The reason why it is said that the chariot returned to the city is actually a kind of elegance, just like the smelly skin alley changed into a wall alley, the smelly skin factory changed into a Shoubi alley, the Niuti alley changed into a topic alley, and the dung factory yard changed into a Fenzhang courtyard.

Dongzhimen: Yuan Chongren Gate, which is the poorest gate among the nine gates in Beijing. Pot kiln vendors in the suburbs mainly occupy the urn, but the statue of the drug king in the urn temple is extremely fine, and the city people call it "Dongzhi Statue". Take a brick and wood cart. In the past, brick kilns were all located outside Dongzhimen, and timber from the south also entered the city from Dongzhimen. In fact, Dongzhimen not only takes brick and wood carts, but also takes all kinds of carts. If we give it a hard name, that is, Dongzhimen takes people's carts. The earliest Dongzhimen Street is actually a small street outside Dongzhimen now. The whole street is about three miles long, and the ground is paved with stone roads. There are more than 15 business shops. After icehouse, tea, rice, oil, salt, sauce and vinegar can be found in this street, as long as it is necessary for ordinary people's daily life, whether it is for food or use.