What is the difference between Ptolemy's geocentric theory and Copernicus's Heliocentrism? How did they all find out? Experiential scientific inquiry

Geocentric theory means that humans can't see the whole picture of the earth. According to people's inertial thinking, when the sun rises and sets in the west, it is thought that the sun and various celestial bodies revolve around the earth.

Heliocentrism was formed after the astronomical telescope appeared and the geocentric theory was overthrown. Due to the limited ability of astronomical equipment at that time, only the solar system could be observed, so according to inertial thinking, the sun was considered as the center of everything.

Today, however, advanced technology has made us understand the mystery of the universe. Our earth, solar system and galaxy are actually just a drop in the ocean.

Geocentric theory is a theory centered on the earth, and Heliocentrism is a theory centered on the sun.

As for how it was discovered, Baidu Encyclopedia has a very detailed historical explanation.