Overview, source and meaning

This story comes from Sima Qian's Historical Records? Biography of Lian Po Lin Xiangru. It is composed of three short stories: Return to Zhao in a Perfect Way, Mianchi Meeting, and Apologize with a humble apology.

The connection of three stories: Mianchi will be the development of a successful return to Zhao; Mianchi Club and Mianchi Club are the reasons for offering a humble apology; Mianchi Club, Mianchi Club and Mianchi Club offer a humble apology together.

During the Warring States Period, Lin Xiangru, the Scheerer of the State of Zhao, was ordered to go to the State of Qin and returned to the State of Zhao intact, so he was appointed as a doctor. He also accompanied the prince of Zhao to the Mianchi meeting set by the king of Qin, so that the prince of Zhao would not be insulted. In recognition of Lin Xiangru's contribution, the Prince of Zhao named Lin Xiangru Shangqing. Lian Po, a veteran, is proud of taking credit. He refuses to accept this, but he deliberately provokes again and again. Lin Xiangru has always been patient, focusing on national affairs. Lian Po finally woke up and offered a humble apology to Lin Xiangru. Make peace, * * * auxiliary country, national security.

The story of "harmony but difference" preaches: all rivers run into the sea, and tolerance is great; Make peace with each other and level the world.

Traditional repertoire of Peking Opera

This story has also been compiled into a Beijing opera and a film and television drama of the same name, which has been widely circulated.

The king of Qin pretended to exchange fifteen cities for Baoyu and Zhao Wangcui, and Zhao Wangknew the deception and dared not refuse. Scheeren Lin Xiangru recommended himself and took Bi to the State of Qin. Knowing that the king of Qin was insincere and not afraid of the oil tripod, he righteously blamed the king of Qin and returned it to Zhao intact. The king of Qin also gave a banquet in Mianchi, inviting the king of Zhao to attend the meeting, as if to go with him; At the banquet, the king of Qin insulted the king of Zhao with drums and musical instruments, but he was humiliated by the other side. Zhao Wang returned home safely after being met by Lian Po. The item made great contributions, and the prince of Zhao named it item. Lian Po, by his own efforts, refused to accept it. He was humiliated several times and avoided it. After Lian Po learned that the troops would make peace, Qin did not dare to invade, but went to the Prime Minister's Office to offer a humble apology and make peace.

1950, Weng Ouhong and Wang adapted the play according to three scripts: Return the Perfect Works to Zhao (Lian), Mianchi Club and Lian Po's offer a humble apology, with a clearer theme. It is a drama that pays attention to both life and purity. Li, Tan, Ma, and Qiu all performed and sang their own songs.

background

A period in the history of China (475 BC-2265438 BC+0 BC). At that time, there were seven powerful countries, namely, Qin, Chu, Qi, Zhao, Yan, Wei and Han, which were called "Seven Heroes of the Warring States". Seven chivalrous men coexist, and wars are frequent. Qin is the strongest one. Qin is located in the west of Hangu Pass, and the other six countries are in the east of Hangu Pass. To the east of Zhao State is the rich and powerful Qi State, and to the west is the powerful Qin State. Zhao is sandwiched between two big countries. The story of "returning to Zhao in one piece" happened when the State of Qin made an all-out attack on Chu. It is impossible for Qin to concentrate more troops against Zhao, mainly by threatening to take advantage of Zhao.

The official positions of doctor and Qing are divided into three levels: upper, middle and lower, with the upper doctor being the highest-ranking doctor. Shang Qing is the highest official post below the vassal. In the sixteenth year of King Zhao of Huiwen (283 BC), Lian Po was promoted to Shangqing for his meritorious service in cutting Qi. Lin Xiangru is also Shangqing, but because he is a civilian, he was on the right of Lian Po when he was in court. Before the Qin and Han Dynasties, power was respected, so the article said that Lin Xiangru's position was higher than that of Lian Po.

He Jia's jade-priceless treasure

He Shibi is the name of a piece of Baoyu and has an extraordinary history. According to legend, in the Spring and Autumn Period, a man named Bian He found a piece of jade (that is, unprocessed jade) in Chushan and presented it to Li, the king of Chu. Li Guowang asked experts to identify jade, and the result was stone. King Li was furious and thought that Bian He was deceiving himself, so he cut off Bian He's left foot on charges of deceiving the monarch. Soon, Li Wang died and acceded to the throne. Bian He presented this jade to him. King Wu also invited experts to identify jade, which turned out to be stone. King Wu cut off Bian He's right foot for cheating the king. After the death of King Wu, King Wen ascended the throne. Bian He held Yupu to Chushan's feet and cried for three days and nights. Tears dried up, and finally I cried blood. When King Wen heard this, he sent someone to ask him, saying, "Many people in the world don't cry like this because their feet have been cut off. Why are you crying like this? " Bian He replied, "I didn't cry because my foot was cut off. I am sad that someone actually called Baoyu a stone and accused a loyal minister of cheating. " King Wen sent someone to process this jade pu, which proved to be a rare treasure. So I named this treasure jade "He Shibi". Because of its rarity and extraordinary origin, this piece of Baoyu has become a world-recognized treasure, and its value is priceless. This is also the reason why the king of Qin did not hesitate to use the fifteen cities as bait to defraud the "harmony".

figure

Lian Po was a famous soldier of Zhao at the end of the Warring States Period. When Zhao Huiwen proclaimed himself king, he was named Shangqing. He defeated Qi, Wei and other countries many times and made great contributions to Zhao. The battle of Changping was impregnable and blocked for three years. Later, Zhao Haoqi and Cheng Xiao fell into the trap of Qin and replaced Lian Po with Zhao Kuo, which was a fiasco. Yan took the opportunity to attack Zhao. Zhao Haoqi and Cheng Xiao revived Lian Po and defeated the Yan Army. The Prince of Zhao named Lian Po as Xinping Army and Ren Xiangguo. Zhao mourned the king, but Lian Po was frustrated and defected to Wei. Wei didn't trust him, so he never used it again. He went to Chu State again and became a general of Chu State. Finally, he died of old age in Chu.

Lin Xiangru was a minister of Zhao in the Warring States Period. When Zhao Huiwen became king, he got a rare treasure jade from Chu, which Qin Guoqiang exchanged with 15 city. Lin Xiangru was ordered to take the jade to court with the king of Qin and return it to Zhao intact. Zhao Wang made Xiangru a doctor. In 279 BC, he followed Zhao Huiwen to Mianchi (now Mianchi West, Henan Province) to meet the king of Qin, so that the king of Zhao would not be humiliated in Qin. After returning home, he was named Shangqing for his work, ranking above Lian Po, and Lian Po was indignant. Lin Xiangru puts national security first and tolerates Lian Po. Lian Po endured an epiphany, offered a humble apology, and the two became close friends. Turn the story of Xianghe into a beautiful talk.

Textbook teaching plan

First, the description of teaching materials

This lesson is adapted from Sima Qian's Biography of Historical Records, Lian Po and Lin Xiangru. With the contradiction between Qin and Zhao as the background and Lin Xiangru's activities as the clue, it describes three short stories, namely, Return to Zhao in a Perfect Way, Mianchi Meeting, and offer a humble apology, and describes the process from harmony to discord to reconciliation between the two groups. He praised Lin Xiangru's brave and resourceful fighting spirit, his political vision of putting national interests first, taking the overall situation into consideration, and also praised Lian Po's brave spirit of reform and their patriotic thoughts.

Lin Xiangru and Lian Po are the highlights of this article. Two stories, "Return to Zhao in Perfect Condition" and "Mianchi Meeting", focus on depicting the character Lin Xiangru. The story of "offering a humble apology" pays great attention to praising Lian Po's spirit of correcting his mistakes.

Lin Xiangru rose again and again, ranking above Lian Po. This is the apparent reason for the disharmony between the two countries, which is essentially due to Lian Po's misunderstanding: "I am invincible in Lian Po and have made many great achievements. What can he do with Lin Xiangru? He climbed on my head as soon as he opened his mouth. " Rude and full of dissatisfaction. Understanding this passage of Lian Po is a key and difficult point. It is true that Lian Po is a warrior and a great hero in one's hand and in one's hand. Even at the Mianchi Conference, he contributed half of the national dignity, because "the king of Qin didn't take advantage". Knowing that Lian Po was ready at the border, he dared not do anything to the prince of Zhao, so he had to let him go back. ”。 However, the understanding of Lin Xiangru is biased. Although Lin Xiangru could not fight with a sword, his angry words also saved Zhao's dignity. What's more, at the "Return the Bi to Zhao" and "Mianchi Meeting", he ignored his own life and forced the King of Qin with his life: "Now I have the Bi, if you force me again, my head and the Bi will hit this post together!" "You are only five steps away from me now. If you don't agree, I will fight you! " It can be said that Lin Xiangru is also a valiant soldier, but he doesn't need a sword to go in and out of the battlefield, but the battle is also thrilling.

On the surface, the reason for making peace is Lin Xiangru's broad mind and Lian Po's courage to admit his mistakes, correct them when he knows them, and offer a humble apology. In fact, it is because of their patriotism and common understanding: Zhao will be in danger when the two armies are fighting! This is reflected in their language. It is precisely because of this that the story of "reconciliation" has become a glorious story in history.

Second, learning objectives

1. Learn ten new words and be able to read and write the following words correctly: call, minister, promise, Lian Po, resist, insult, refuse, shirt, return Zhao in full, offer a humble apology.

2. Read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally.

3. Understand the content of the text, and realize the patriotic thoughts of the characters and their excellent qualities.

4. Understand the internal relations of the three short stories.

Third, teaching suggestions

1. He consists of three short stories, namely, Return to Zhao with a Perfect Piece, Mianchi Meeting and Apologize with a humble apology. Every story has the occurrence, development and result of contradictions, which are relatively independent but closely related. The second story is the development of the first story. The result of the first two stories is the reason for the third story, which together constitute a more complete and tortuous "reconciliation" story. There are two ways to teach this lesson. One is to guide students to read the full text first, to understand the ins and outs of the story of "reconciliation" as a whole, and to understand the internal relationship between the three short stories; Then read all the short stories intensively and deeply study the related issues involved in each short story; Finally, guide students to contact the main characters of the full-text evaluation story. The other is to read through the text first and get a general understanding of the content of the text; Then, guide the students to learn each short story; Finally, based on the understanding gained from each story, the internal relationship between the three short stories is clarified and the characters are evaluated.

2. Instructing students to add subtitles to three short stories is a training of generalization ability. Students can summarize what has appeared in the text, such as "returning the whole thing to Zhao", "Mianchi meeting" and "offering a humble apology". As long as other generalization methods are basically in line with the content of the story, the key is to let students tell the reasons for generalization. As for the connection between the three short stories, as long as students can tell the causal relationship, there is no need to ask too many questions. Teachers should guide students to make it clear that the result of "returning to Zhao intact" is that Lin Xiangru was named as a doctor, which is the premise of his promotion to Shangqing after Mianchi Conference, while Lin Xiangru's promotion to Shangqing is the direct cause of the contradiction between the two groups, and only with the contradiction between the two groups can the contradiction be resolved. This is the connection between these three stories.

3. This lesson is not only fascinating with vivid characters and winding and moving stories, but also enlightens and educates people with the noble quality of the protagonist Lin Xiangru; Veteran Lian Po took off his shirt with thorns on his back, and the spirit of confessing at home was admirable. The teaching of this course should guide students to be emotional in reading and produce positive emotional experience. The first question of "Thinking and Practice" lets students tell which character they like in the text, which is precisely the purpose. Students should be encouraged to express their views and make them clear and specific. Most students may say that they like Lin Xiangru, some students may say that they like Lian Po, and some students may say that they like Wang Zhao because he is good at employing people and rewards them according to their merits. As long as it makes sense, it should be affirmed. If a student says he likes the King of Qin, he should also be allowed to state his reasons, but he should be persuaded not to deny the basic concept of right and wrong in order to reflect his personal reading.

4. When guiding students to read the text intensively, you can combine the third question of "Thinking and Practice" to ask students questions that you are interested in or don't understand, and organize exchanges and discussions. Teachers should be good at guiding students to sort out the questions raised by students and sort out the key and difficult problems around the text for students to discuss; For those questions that have little to do with the text, students can be inspired to study after class.

The discussion of the questions listed in the thinking questions should make students realize that the reason why the king of Qin asked someone to record the story of Zhao playing the piano for him is to show that the king of Qin can command Zhao, and they are unequal, which is a great shame for Zhao. Lin Xiangru forced the king of Qin to stop fighting to show the equality between the two countries, thus safeguarding the dignity of Zhao; The king of Qin knew that "Lian Po was ready" and Lin Xiangru was desperate to protect the prince of Zhao, so he "dared not do anything to the prince of Zhao".

5. The text is long, so that students can choose a favorite story to practice reading aloud with emotion on the basis of being familiar with the full text.

6. The three stories are vivid and suitable for textbook dramas. Students can be encouraged to rehearse and perform in and out of class. You can act out the whole text or one of the stories.

7. There are many new words in this class, so it is necessary to inspire students to contact the context or consult dictionaries and solve them by themselves. For some unfamiliar words, teachers can give some guidance.

The following text is explained for teachers' reference.

Priceless treasure: describe items that are so precious that you can't buy them with any money.

Back to Zhao intact: Bi is an ancient jade, oblate, with a hole in the middle. The jade in this lesson refers to a piece of jade found by Bian He, a Chu people. "One piece belongs to Zhao" means returning He Shibi to Zhao intact. This idiom is often used to describe the return of things to their owners.

Wrong: wrong.

Say nothing: avoid saying anything.

Breaking your promise: You failed to make a promise to others and lost your credit.

Mianchi: Place name, Mianchi County, Henan Province.

Weakness: it means that you are weaker than the other party and dare not compete.

Thumb: An ancient plucked instrument. Drumming is playing the harp.

Yi: An ancient percussion instrument.

Invincible: attack the city and plunder the land, and you can't take it down. Nothing is impossible to describe.

Offer a humble apology: negative, bear. Jing, Jing tiao, something used to hit people. This lesson refers to that Lian Po went to Lin Xiangru's house to confess, went into battle shirtless and carried Vitex negundo. This idiom is now used to express an apology to others.

Fourth, reference materials.

A period in the history of China (475 BC-22 BC1). It was relatively strong at that time.

There are seven countries, namely Qin, Chu, Qi, Zhao, Yan, Wei and Han, collectively known as the "Seven Heroes of the Warring States", and Qin is the strongest one. Qin is located in the west of Hangu Pass, and the other six countries are in the east of Hangu Pass. To the east of Zhao State is the rich and powerful Qi State, and to the west is the powerful Qin State. Zhao is located between two big countries, and its military and diplomatic measures are of great significance to the rise and fall of the country. The story of "returning to Zhao in one piece" happened when the State of Qin made an all-out attack on Chu. It is impossible for Qin to concentrate more troops against Zhao, mainly by threatening to take advantage of Zhao.

The doctor is an official position, divided into upper, middle and lower levels. Doctor Shang is the highest-ranking doctor.

Qing is an official position, divided into Shangqing, Zhongqing and Xia Qing. Shang Qing is the highest official post below the vassal. In the sixteenth year of King Zhao of Huiwen (283 BC), Lian Po was promoted to Shangqing for his meritorious service in cutting Qi. Lin Xiangru is also Shangqing, but because he is a civilian, he was on the right of Lian Po when he was in court. Before the Qin and Han Dynasties, power was respected, so the article said that Lin Xiangru's position was higher than that of Lian Po.

Text:

Generally composed of the prime minister.

During the Warring States period, Qin was the strongest and often attacked other countries.

Once, the king of Zhao got a priceless treasure called He Shibi. When the king of Qin knew it, he wrote a letter to the king of Zhao, saying that he was willing to exchange fifteen cities for this treasure.

Zhao Wang was very anxious after receiving the letter, and immediately called the minister to discuss it. Everyone said that the king of Qin just wanted to fool Cui, but he refused, fearing that he would send troops to attack.

When encountering difficulties, some people say that Alin is like him. He is brave and resourceful and may be able to solve the problem.

The prince of Zhao called Lin Xiangru and asked him what to do.

Lin Xiangru thought for a moment and said, "I'd like to go to Qin with Choi. If the king of Qin really exchanges fifteen cities, I will give him the decree; If he refuses to hand over the fifteen cities, I will definitely send Bi back. At that time, Qin was at the right time, and there was no reason to transfer troops. "

The prince of Zhao and his ministers had no choice but to send Lin Xiangru to the State of Qin with Choi.

When Lin Xiangru arrived in the State of Qin, he went to the palace to see the king of Qin and gave him Choi. The king of Qin held the city wall in his hand and praised it while watching it, without mentioning the fifteen cities. Seeing this, Lin Xiangru knew that the King of Qin had no sincerity in exchanging the city for the city wall, so he came forward and said, "There is something wrong with this city wall. Let me show you. " After hearing what he said, the king of Qin handed Choi and Choi to Lin Xiangru. Lin Xiangru held the wall, stepped back and stood against the post. He said confidently, "I don't think you want to send fifteen cities." Now that the jade is in my hand, if you force me, my head and jade will hit this pillar together! " He said, and lifted the choi, is about to hit the post. The king of Qin was afraid that he would really hit the wall. He quickly said that everything was easy to discuss, so he asked someone to take out a map and show him the fifteen cities promised to Zhao. Lin Xiangru said that Cui Hecai is priceless, and he won't hand it over until a grand ceremony is held. The king of Qin must appoint a date with him to hold the ceremony.

Lin Xiangru knew that the king of Qin had no sincerity in exchanging the city for jade. As soon as he got back to the hotel, he told his men to disguise themselves and go back to Zhao along Cui's road. On the day of the ceremony, Lin Xiangru entered the palace to visit the King of Qin. He generously said, "Cui and I have been sent back to Zhao. If you are sincere, give these fifteen cities to our country first, and our country will send someone to deliver them immediately, and never break your word. It's no use killing me. Everyone in the world knows that Qin doesn't keep his word! " The king of Qin had no choice but to send Lin Xiangru back to Zhao civilly.

This is the story of "One Piece Return to Zhao". Lin Xiangru made great contributions, and the Prince of Zhao made him a doctor.

A few years later, the king of Qin invited the king of Zhao to meet in Mianchi. The prince of Zhao consulted with his ministers and said, "Go, for fear of danger; Don't go, it seems too timid. " Lin Xiangru thought it was better to go to the king of Qin than to show weakness, so the prince of Zhao decided to leave and let Lin Xiangru accompany him. General Lian Po sent them and his troops to the border, ready to resist the pool.

The prince of Zhao went to Mianchi and met the king of Qin. The king of Qin asked the king of Zhao to play drums. The prince of Zhao could not refuse, so he drummed for a while. The king of Qin recorded that at Mianchi meeting, the king of Zhao played drums for the king of Qin.

Lin Xiangru was furious when he saw that the king of Qin insulted the king of Zhao. He went up to the king of Qin and said, "Please strike for the king of Zhao." The king of Qin refused. Lin Xiangru asked again, and the king of Qin refused. Lin Xiangru said, "You are only five steps away from me now. If you don't agree, I will fight you! " The king of Qin was forced to knock at the door. Lin Xiangru also recorded that at Mianchi meeting, the king of Qin punched the prince of Zhao.

The king of Qin did not take advantage of this. Knowing that Lian Po was ready at the border, he dared not do anything to the prince of Zhao, so he had to let him go back.

Lin Xiangru made another contribution at Mianchi Conference. The prince of Zhao named Lin Xiangru Shangqing, whose position was higher than that of Lian Po.

Lian Po defy spirit. He said to others, "I was invincible in Lian Po and made a lot of contributions. What can he do with Lin Xiangru? He just climbed on my head with one mouth. As soon as I meet him, I have to give him little shoes! " This word reached Lin Xiangru's ear, and Lin Xiangru called in sick to avoid meeting Lian Po.

One day, Lin Xiangru went out by car and saw Lian Po riding a big horse. He quickly asked the driver to drive the car back. People in Lin Xiangru don't like it. They said that Lin Xiangru was afraid that Lian Po would see a cat like a mouse. Why should he be afraid of him? Lin Xiangru said to them, "Please think about it. Who is stronger, General Lian or King Qin? " They said, "Of course the King of Qin is great!" Lin Xiangru said, "I am not afraid of the king of Qin. Will I be afraid of General Lian? As is known to all, the King of Qin did not dare to attack our State of Zhao, just because he had Lian Po in martial arts and Lin Xiangru in literature. If we quarrel, it will weaken Zhao's strength, and Qin will certainly take the opportunity to attack us. So for our Zhao, I avoided General Lian! "

Lin Xiangru's words reached the ears of Lian Po. Lian Po calmed down and thought about it, feeling that he had neglected the interests of the country in order to win a sigh of relief. This is very wrong. So he took off his shirt, put thorns on his back, and went to Lin Xiangru's door to confess his sins. Lin Xiangru saw Lian Po come to offer a humble apology, and hurriedly came out to warmly welcome him. From then on, they became good friends and defended Zhao together.

Zhao's downfall]

Zhao died in the twenty-first year (245 BC), and his son Zhao Yan succeeded him as the king of Zhao Mou. Sad fatuous, abolish the virtuous prince, and move Zhao, who is not virtuous, to be the prince. King Mouxiang died after nine years in office, and Zhao ascended the throne for the Miao king.

In 229 BC, Qin attacked Zhao, and King Miao of Zhao sent Li Mu and Sima Shang to resist. Li Mu is an outstanding general of Zhao. In 233 BC, he defeated Qin Jun Yu Fei (now Lulong, Hebei Province) and was awarded the title of Wu Anjun. General Qin has always been afraid of Li Mu, so he used double agents to buy off Guo Kai, the favorite of Zhao Miaowang. So Guo Kai spread rumors that Li Mu and Sima Shang were going to rebel. Zhao Qian, the Miao king, has been fatuous and immoral since childhood. He listened to rumors without analysis, replaced Li Mu and Sima Shang with Zhao Cong and Yanju, and killed Li Mu. When I heard that Li Mu was dead, Wang Jian, a general of Qin State, led an army to defeat Zhao State and killed him in World War I.. Qin Jun broke through and broke Han. Captured Zhao Haoqi Youmiao. Exile him to Fangling, Henan. Minister Zhao Li is the acting king, both in Yecheng (now southwest of Yuxian County, Hebei Province). In 36 BC (222 BC), Qin Jun marched into Daicheng. Dai Wang Jia Qin,

In the twentieth year of Zhao Huiwen (278 BC), Lian Po conquered an army of Qi. In the second year of Zhao Huiwen's twentieth year (276 BC), he cut Qi again and captured Jiucheng. The following year, Lian Po attacked Wei and captured Fangling (now twenty miles south of Anyang, Henan Province) and Anyang City (now forty-three miles southwest of Anyang County, Henan Province). It is precisely because of Lian's friendship with Lin that Zhao was United and devoted to serving the country that Zhao was once powerful and became a barrier for eastern governors to stop Qin from advancing eastward. /kloc-Qin dares to attack Zhao after 0/0 years.

In 266 BC, Zhao Huiwen died and became king. At this time, at the request of Fan Sui, the State of Qin adopted the strategy of "making friends with Qi and Chu", and at the same time attacked small neighboring countries. In the fifty-fifth year of Zhou Nanwang (260 BC), the State of Qin attacked Shangdang in North Korea. The south Korean defenders attending the banquet were helpless, so the satrap dedicated the banquet to Zhao. As a result, there was a war between Qin and Zhao in Shangdang area. At this time, Zhao She was dead, Lin Xiangru was seriously ill, and only Lian Po was in charge of military affairs. So, Lian Po was ordered to command two hundred thousand Zhao soldiers and keep them out of Changping (now northwest of Gaoping County, Shaanxi Province) (see the battle of Changping). At that time, Qin Jun had taken the wild king from the south (now Qinyang, Henan) and slightly joined the Party from the north (now central Shanxi), cutting off the connection between Changping and the south, and his morale was high. The Zhao army came from afar, not only at a disadvantage, but also at a passive disadvantage. Faced with this situation, Lian Po correctly adopted the operational policy of establishing base areas to hold on, consuming the enemy and attacking the enemy with cameras. He ordered Zhao to build a tight barrier by virtue of mountain hazards. Despite Qin Jun's several challenges, Lian Po always shuts the crowd out. At the same time, the people in Shangdang area were concentrated, engaged in battlefield transportation, and committed to building fortifications against Qin. Zhao heavily guarded, unable to meet the challenge, and his spirit gradually lost. In order to defeat Qin Jun's plan of a quick victory, Lian Po fought hard and persisted for three years. Seeing that it was impossible to make a quick decision, Qin persuaded the prince of Zhao with trickery. What Qin was most worried about and afraid of was to replace Lian Po with Zhao Kuo. Zhao Wang was eager to win, and finally fell into a trap. He thinks that Lian Po is afraid of war, forcing him to resign from Lian Po and use Zhao Kuo as his general. Although Lin Xiangru protested that Zhao Kuo, an armchair strategist, was not suitable for this post, the prince of Zhao did not listen and appointed Zhao Kuo as general. After Zhao Kuo replaced Lian Po, Lian Po's strategic plan was completely changed and many officers were replaced. Seeing that Zhao Kuo became a general, Qin secretly asked Wu's troops to attack Zhao. In Changping, he defeated the Zhao Kuo army, shot and killed Zhao Kuo, and trapped more than 400,000 Zhao soldiers. In the battle of Zhao Changping, Zhao lost 450,000 people.

After the battle of Changping, Qin took the opportunity to surround Handan, the capital of Zhao (see the battle of Handan), which lasted more than a year. Fortunately, Wei's son Xin stole the military symbol and saved him, but his national strength was greatly reduced.

Yan took Zhao to Changping, and Prime Minister Li abdomen was the general. In view of Zhao's situation that "the strong are all in Changping, but they are unable to do their own thing", Qin sent troops to attack Zhao in the 56th year (the first 25 1 year). Zhao made Lian Po a general and commanded the famous battle of governance. He divided the whole army into two roads. One led by Lecheng went straight to the local area to fight against the Yan army on the West Road, and the other led by himself to face the main force of the Yan army in Juancheng (now Baixiang County, Hebei Province). Lian Po commanded Zhao, who was jointly guarding the township, and adopted the tactics of concentrating his forces and bashing the enemy head-on. The first battle was successful, which defeated the enemy soldiers and knocked out the arrogance of the Yan army. Then, he led the Zhao army to defeat the main force of the Yan army and cut the chestnut belly. Commander-in-Chief Yan Jun was beheaded and fled in panic. Lian Po seized the opportunity of the retreat of the Yan army, and ordered the Zhao army to pursue 56-point attack and drive five hundred miles. In the first 250 years, he entered Ji (now Beijing), the capital of Yan State. The prince of Yan was very happy to see that Yan was in danger, so he had to agree to all the requirements of Zhao, such as ceding 5 cities and making peace with Zhao. Lian Po was honored as the prime minister for his work. About 67 years before and after Ren Xiangguo, Lian Po repeatedly repelled the invading enemy and waited for an opportunity to attack. In the first 245 years, the troops captured Longyang (now the northwest of Neihuang County, Henan Province), indicating that Zhao Guoli had recovered.

Lian Po was dismissed by Changping and went home. When he lost power, all his former clients left. When he was reused as a general, the public gathered again. Lian Po was very excited and asked them to retreat. The public told him that it was nothing strange. Now we make friends by buying and selling in the market. If you have the strength, we will follow you. If you have no electricity, we will leave. This is common sense in business. What's to complain about?

In the second year of Qin Shihuang (245 BC), Zhao Chengxiao died as king, and his son Zhao Dunxiang succeeded him. King Xiang listened to the slanderers of treacherous court official Guo Kai, dismissed Lian Po and sent Lecheng instead of Lian Po. Angry at being excluded, Lian Po attacked Lecheng, and Lecheng fled. Lian Po left Zhao and went to Liang of Wei (now Kaifeng, Henan). Lian Po lived in Daliang for a long time. Although Wang Wei took him in, he didn't trust him. Because Zhao was besieged for many times, the king of Zhao wanted to appoint Lian Po and Lian Po wanted to be appointed by Zhao. The prince of Zhao sent Tang Jiu, the eunuch, to see Lian Po with a pair of precious armor and four fast horses to see if Lian Po could still be used. Guo Kai, the enemy of Lian Po, secretly gave Tang Jiu a lot of money and spoke ill of Lian Po, fearing that Lian Po would take power again. After Zhao's emissary met Lian Po, Lian Po ate a bucket of rice and ten catties of meat in front of him, and put on armor to show that he was still useful. But the messenger came back and reported to the king of Zhao: "General Lian is old and eats well, but he sat with me and shit three times in a short time." The prince of Zhao thought Lian Po was old, so he was not appointed, and Lian Po never had a chance to serve his country again.

When Chu heard that Lian Po was in Wei, he secretly sent someone to meet him. After Lian Po became a general of Chu, he made no achievements. He said: "I want to show my attachment to the folks in my motherland with Zhao people (Biography of Historical Records, Lian Po and Lin Xiangru). However, after all, Zhao failed to reuse him, which led to the depression of this generation of famous soldiers who made great contributions to Zhao Li, and finally died in Shouchun (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province) of Chu State. Ten years later, Zhao was destroyed by Qin (see the battle of Qin destroying Zhao).

Lian Po Mausoleum is located on the south slope of Niufang Mountain, Bagong Mountain, 7 kilometers north of Shouxian County. The tomb faces west and has a circumference of 300 meters. It is bordered by Huaihe River in the west and surrounded by mountains in the north, south and east. A generation of romantic scenery attracts mountains and rivers to win.

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This article is revised according to Historical Records Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru. Historical Records reflects history in the form of biographies, and successfully describes many people with flesh and blood and distinctive personalities. For example, the great poets Dayu, Qu Yuan and Xiang Yu, the overlord of the Western Chu Dynasty, failed to enter the water conservancy after three years. It is not only a valuable historical work, but also an excellent literary work, which is called "a historian's swan song, leaving Sao without rhyme" by Mr. Lu Xun. The author is Sima Qian of Han Dynasty.