What are the classic garden designs at home and abroad?

Gardens listed in the World Heritage List: Canglang Pavilion, Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden, Master Garden, Huanxiu Villa, Lion Forest, Art Garden, Lovers Garden and Retreat Garden.

Gardens not listed in the World Heritage List: Qu Yuan/Yiyuan Garden/Fengting Garden/Nanban Garden/Beiban Garden/Keyuan Garden/Li Can Garden/Taoyuan Garden/Wufeng Garden/Gusong Garden/Lingyanshan Pavilion/Chai Garden/Planting Garden/Muyuan/Yin Paradise/Crane Garden/Taying Garden/Laughing Garden/Park Garden/Shiwan Garden/Yin Hui Garden/Gushi Garden.

According to the official records of Suzhou, there are 6 gardens in Zhou Dynasty, 4 in Han Dynasty, 7 in Southern and Northern Dynasties 14, 7 in Tang Dynasty, 0/65,438+08 in Song Dynasty, 48 in Yuan Dynasty, 27 1 in Ming Dynasty and 0/30 in Qing Dynasty. The existing Suzhou gardens are mostly Ming and Qing architecture, including hundreds of classical gardens. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Suzhou became one of the most prosperous areas in China, with private gardens all over the ancient city. In the heyday of 16 ~ 18 century, there were more than 200 gardens in Suzhou, and now dozens of them are well preserved (no more than 100).

Canglang Pavilion, located in Sanyuanfang, south of Suzhou, is the oldest garden in Suzhou. Covering area 10800 m2. There is a clear water in the garden, with a reflection of waves and thousands of scenic spots. Canglang Pavilion was built in the billiard hall of Qian, the son of the King of the Five Dynasties. Su Shunqin, a famous poet in Song Dynasty, bought this abandoned garden for 40,000 yuan, built it, and built a pavilion by the water. Because the water in the rough waves is clear, you can lick my tassel; The turbid water in the rough waves can satisfy my feet. The book is called Canglang Pavilion, named Canglang Weng and called Canglang Pavilion. Although Canglang Pavilion is not the appearance of the early Song Dynasty due to the changes of past dynasties, its ancient wood and antique style have always maintained the old style, which partly reflects the style of the gardens in the Song Dynasty.

People call it "the eternal waves are cliffs, the waves are pavilions, and the gardens of water are also".

The main scenic spot of Canglang Pavilion is surrounded by mountains and buildings. The pavilion and the undulating promenade along the mountain also use the water paintings outside the park to communicate the mountains and water inside and outside the park through the infiltration of leaking windows on the promenade, so that the water surface, pool shore, rockery and pavilion are integrated.

The famous Canglang Pavilion is hidden at the top of the mountain. It stands high in the mountains and the eaves are towering. The pavilion has a simple structure and is in harmony with the atmosphere of the whole garden. There are five or six hundred-year-old trees around the pavilion. The stone forehead "Canglang Pavilion" on the pavilion was written by Yu Yue. Couplets engraved on stone pillars:

Humble Administrator's Garden should be the most famous garden in Suzhou. Located in the northeast street of Suzhou City, it is the largest famous garden in Suzhou. It is not only one of the four classical gardens in Suzhou (Canglang Pavilion, Lion Grove, Humble Administrator's Garden and Lingering Garden), but also one of the four classical gardens in China (Summer Palace, Summer Resort, Humble Administrator's Garden and Lingering Garden), which is really the highest among Suzhou gardens.

Humble Administrator's Garden was originally the residence of Lu Guimeng, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, and later it was the seclusion of the King of the Ming Dynasty. It is named after people who built houses to plant trees and irrigate gardens in ancient times. It was once a part of Zhongyi Palace in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and now it is a national key cultural relic protection unit.

The park was built in Zhengde period of Ming Dynasty (1506 ~ 152 1). Due to the frustration of officialdom, the imperial envoy Wang Qiguan returned to his hometown and expanded into a garden in the former site of Dahong Temple in Yuan Dynasty. The name of "Humble Administrator's Garden" is taken from the meaning of "irrigating the garden and nourishing vegetables" in Pan Yue's "Idle Residence Fu" in Jin Dynasty. In the past 400 years, this garden has experienced many vicissitudes, but the whole garden still retains the legacy of the Ming Dynasty.

The overall layout of the Humble Administrator's Garden is centered on the pool, and all kinds of pavilions are built by the water, forming a simple, cheerful, simple and naive natural style. The garden is divided into three parts: east, middle and west.

The entrance to the park is the East Garden, which was originally the former site of "Returning to the Pastoral Residence" in the Ming Dynasty. At present, the grass is the mainstay, the Leichi Mountain is chiseled, trees are planted all over, and buildings such as Tianquan Pavilion, Xiangxiang Pavilion and Lanxuetang are decorated, giving people a cheerful and comfortable feeling.

The central garden is the essence of the whole garden, and the main building in the garden is Yuanxiangtang. It is a four-sided hall with exquisite structure, surrounded by floor-to-ceiling windows, and you can see the surrounding scenery. This hall is exquisitely decorated. The small pond in the south of the main hall is a rockery, with bamboo and wood, and the mountains are green. In the north of Bei Tang, a wide platform connects the lotus pond. In summer, the lotus is in full bloom, the breeze is blowing and the fragrance is overflowing. The inscription of "Yuan Xiang Tang" was written by Wen Zhiming in Ming Dynasty. The north of the hall is the main scene, and the tired earth and stone in the pool make two mountains, and the "Snow Fragrant Wei Yun" pavilion is built on the western hill. Hanging in the pavilion are couplets inscribed "The cicada forest is quieter and the mountains are more secluded" and the title "Between Flowers and Wild Birds" inscribed in the Yuan Dynasty. There is a "frost-waiting pavilion" on Dongshan Mountain. Between the two mountains, there is a stream bridge, where flowers and trees are planted all over the mountains, and vines and shrubs are scattered on the shore, which is full of wild interest.

Yuanxiangtang goes eastward, and there is a green pavilion on the mountain. There are also many scenic spots here, such as loquat garden, Linglong pavilion, Jiashi pavilion, Tingyuxuan and Wuzhu secluded place. In the secluded place of Wuzhu, the depth of field is far west, and the North Temple Tower stands in the sky, which is a wonderful borrowing scene. There is a couplet in the pavilion: "Look at the flowing water and the mountains by the cool breeze and bright moon", which vividly summarizes the landscape characteristics here. There is also a Lotus Wind Pavilion in the middle of the pool, and there is a winding bridge in the west of the pavilion leading to the "winding path of Liu Yin Road". Turn north to Jianshanlou, which is the office of Li Xiucheng, a loyal monarch during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. There is a small bridge "Yu Yixuan" in the south of the pavilion, which turns to "Little Hong Fei" in the west. It is the only covered bridge in Suzhou gardens. There is a small Canglang Shui Ge in the south of the bridge, and Xiangzhou in the north of the bridge is a painting boat. Magnolia Hall in the southwest of Xiangzhou is said to be the place where Wen Zhiming painted.

At the southern end of "Liu Yin Road Bend", there is a semi-pavilion "Don't Have a Cave". Entering the Moon Cave is the West Garden, which is also centered on water. The main hall is Yuanyang Hall, the north hall is 26 yuan Yuanyang Hall, and there is Yuanyang in Linchi. The South Hall is called Eighteen Datura Flower Hall because there are camellia in the front yard. There is a wavy waterfront veranda along the wall in Dong Chi, commonly known as the water gallery, which is another typical form of Suzhou garden architecture. The northern part of the pool is surrounded by water, and there are buildings such as Liuting, Fucui Pavilion, Liting and Fanting. The west garden is elegant, the cloisters are undulating, the water waves are reflected, and there is no artistic conception.