Who can tell me how the generator works?

First, the working principle of DC generator

The working principle of DC generator is to use the commutation function of brush to change the AC electromotive force induced in armature coil into DC electromotive force when it is led out from the end of brush through commutator.

No DC voltage is applied to the brush, and the armature is dragged by the prime Mover to rotate counterclockwise at a uniform speed, so that the magnetic lines of force under different polarity poles are cut on both sides of the coil, and electromotive force is induced in it, and the direction of electromotive force is determined according to the right-hand rule. This electromagnetic situation is shown in the figure. Due to the continuous rotation of the armature, it is necessary to make the coil sides ab and cd of the current-carrying conductor alternately cut the magnetic lines under the N pole and the S pole in the magnetic field, although the direction of the induced electromotive force in each coil side and the whole coil is alternating. The induced electromotive force in the coil is AC electromotive force, but the electromotive force at both ends of brushes A and B is DC electromotive force (more accurately, it is pulse electromotive force in the same direction). Because, in the process of armature rotation, no matter where the armature turns, the electromotive force drawn by the brush A through the commutator is always the electromotive force of the coil side cutting the N-pole magnetic field lines, so the brush A is always positive. In the same way, the brush B is always negative, so the brush end can draw out the pulse electromotive force in the same direction but with different sizes. If the number of coils under each pole is increased, the degree of pulse vibration can be reduced and DC electromotive force can be obtained. This is the working principle of DC generator. At the same time, it also shows that DC generator is essentially an alternator with commutator.

From the basic electromagnetic situation, DC motor can operate as a motor or generator in principle, but the constraints are different. At the two brush ends of DC motor, DC voltage is applied to input electric energy into armature, output mechanical energy from motor shaft, drag production machinery, and convert electric energy into mechanical energy to become motor. If the armature of DC motor is dragged by the prime mover, and no DC voltage is applied to the brush, DC electromotive force can be drawn from both ends of the brush as DC power supply, which can output electrical energy, and the motor can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy to become a generator. The principle that the same motor can operate as a motor or generator is called reversible principle in motor theory.