The Classical Chinese Significance of Confucius' Crusade to the East

1. Confucius travels eastward, see the meaning of the two sons. When Confucius traveled eastward, he saw two children quarreling (1) and asked them why (2).

A son said, "I started from (3) the day I went out, (4) people were near, and Japanese and China were far away."

Another child thinks that the sun is far from the sun when it rises, and it is closer to people at noon.

A son said, "At the beginning of the day, the sun rises as big as a hood (6) and as big as a bowl (7). Isn't this (10) something bigger? "

A son said, "It's cool when the sun rises in the morning (1 1), just like exploring soup at noon (12). Isn't this near hot and far cold? "

Confucius can't decide (13).

The two children laughed and said, "Who is Tathagata Zhihu (14)?"

(1) Debate: Debate, debate.

(2) reason: reason, reason.

(3) take: think.

(4) Go: Leave.

(5) noon: noon.

(6) Car cover: The current umbrella has a dome-shaped umbrella cover, which is called a car cover.

And: here we are.

(8) then: just.

(9) Spoon: The round one is a dish, and the square one is a spoon. A jar is an open vessel for holding wine and food.

(10) Yes: Yes.

(1 1) Cang Cang Liang: cold and cloudy, with cool weather.

(12) soup exploration: put your hand into hot water. It means it's very hot. Soup: Hot water.

(13) judgment: ruling, judgment.

(14) Who is your Zhihu: Who said you were wise? Who: Who? For, with "said", said. You, you. Knowledge is the same as wisdom and wisdom.

Positive tone:

Pan Yu

Ruru

Confucius went to the East to give a speech and saw two children arguing. He asked them what they were arguing about.

A child said, "I think the sun is close to people when it first comes out, and far away from people at noon."

A child thinks that the sun is far when it first comes out and near at noon.

A child said, "When the sun first came out, it was as big as the roof of a carriage." By noon, it's as big as a plate, isn't it far (it looks)

Small and close (looks) big? "

A child said, "The sun was cold when it first came out, and at noon it was like putting your hand into hot water. Isn't that getting closer? "

The hotter, the farther away. Is it getting cold? "

Confucius can't decide (who is right and who is wrong). The two children smiled and said, "Who says you know much?"

2. What does Confucius mean in the first sentence of Two Children Arguing about Japan? Confucius traveled eastward and saw two children arguing, so he asked him why. One said, "I walked very close when I started during the day, but I walked very far when I was in Japan." One said, "The first day is as big as a car cover, and the next day is like a vegetable, far away from the horizon." A Confucius said, "It's cool to get out of the sky at the beginning of the day, and it's like exploring soup in Japan and China. Isn't this near hot and far cold? " Confucius can't decide. The two children smiled and said, "Who (shú) is you (rǔ) and how much do you know (zhi)?" [Edit this paragraph] Note date: Sun. East: In the East. Travel: travel, study tour. Debate: debate. Debate: debate; Fight: fight against it: refers to two children. So: reason, reason. Answer: Yes. Go: distance. Early: just. Japan and China: noon. Hood: The hood is used to keep out the sun and rain. And: arrive. Then: just. Pot: A container for holding things. The round one is a plate and the square one is a jar. In favor: Yes. Who said you were well informed? ) who: for: knowledge, knowledge and wisdom. Tribal Tiger: Discovery Soup: Put your hand in hot water, which means it's very hot. Cang Cang Liang: It means it's cold when the sun just rises. Knowledge: knowledge and wisdom. [Edit this paragraph] One day, Confucius went to the East to study and saw why two children. Stay away from the crowd at noon. "Another child thinks that when the sun just rises, it is far away from people, but it is closer at noon. A child said, "When the sun first came out, it was as big as a hood. At noon, it was like a plate. Isn't that why it looks so small and big? " Another child said: "When the sun just came out, it felt very cold. At noon, it was like putting your hand into hot water. Isn't that why you feel hot near and cold far away? " Confucius could not judge what was going on. The two children smiled and said, "Who said you were well informed?" [Edit this paragraph] Read Confucius/Journey to the West, see/two children/argue, ask/why. One said, "I am close to people on/day/when I start/when I leave, and/day/when I am/far away." The other one was far away from me when I first set out, but when I was nearby. "A son said," The sun/the first sunrise/the barn is cool, and it/noon/is like exploring soup. Isn't it hot/cold for the near/far? Confucius/can't decide. The two children smiled and said, "Who are you/Zhihu?" [Edit this paragraph] Central idea 1. Have the spirit of exploring nature. 2. Be good at observation and independent thinking. Seeing things from different angles will lead to different conclusions. 4. Knowing what you know is knowing, and not knowing what you don't know is knowing. 5. Learn from the ancients' spirit of using their brains to understand nature and seek truth, learn from Confucius' scientific attitude of modesty and seeking truth from facts, and understand that learning can do anything. Unable to draw a conclusion, it also tells us to look at things comprehensively. [Edit this paragraph] It is incorrect to scientifically explain why the distance between the ground and the sun is based on different feelings. In "Two Children Debate on the Day", one child said that the morning was far from noon because the sun was cold and the noon was hot, and the other said that the sun was big in the morning and the noon was small, so the morning was far from noon, and the fact observation was true. So how to explain it? What the hell is going on? It seems that the sun is bigger in the morning than at noon because of the illusion of the eyes. We see that the white figure of the same size is bigger than the black figure. This is called "light penetration" in physics. When the sun rises, the surrounding sky is dark, so the sun appears bright, and at noon, the surrounding sky is bright. In contrast, the brightness difference between the sun and the background is not so big, which also makes us look like the sun in the morning is bigger than that at noon. In the morning and at noon, the distance between the sun and us is the same, so its size is the same. In fact, because the solar radiation at noon is too strong, it is unrealistic to directly observe the size of the sun with the naked eye. This may also create the impression that the sun at noon is just a bright spot, while the sun at sunrise and sunset is an observable circle. Also, it is hotter at noon than in the morning. Is it because the sun is closer to us at noon than in the morning? Not exactly. Then why? It is hotter at noon than in the morning because the sun shines directly on the ground at noon and obliquely on the ground in the morning. It can be seen that when the sun is in direct sunlight, the ground and the air receive more solar radiation heat at the same time and in the same area than when the sun is oblique in the morning, so the heat is the strongest. So it is hotter at noon than in the morning. In fact, the weather is mainly determined by the temperature. The main factor affecting the temperature is determined by the radiation intensity of the sun, but the light and heat of the sun are not the main reasons for directly raising the temperature. Because the heat energy directly absorbed by air is only a small part of the total solar radiation heat energy, most of it is absorbed by the ground. After the ground absorbs solar radiation heat, it is transferred to the air through radiation, convection and other heat transfer methods, which is the main reason for the increase in temperature. In short, it is not because the sun is far from our ground that it is hot at noon and cold in the morning every day. We are studying. There are two real answers! I want to know all about relativity! It is to compare at a point with a point as the center. In other words, there should be two central points in the text, one is the earth and the other is the area where the two children are located. If the earth is the central point, then the distance between the sun and the earth is the same in the morning or at noon. If we focus on the area where the two children are located, it should be closer at noon. As we all know, the sun and the earth are both spheres. Let's assume that the area where the two children are located is directly above the regional circle, and the sun is on the left side of the earth. At this time, the sun seen in the area where the two children are located is the morning sun. Just assume that the area where the two children are located is directly below the sun, and the sun is noon at this time.

3. Does Confucius' Journey to the East mean lobbying? Confucius' eastward journey is lobbying. It makes sense to say sightseeing, traveling and business trip, but it is best explained as lobbying. Because Confucius traveled around the world with a political proposition of "benevolent governance", he met with the monarch of that country every time he went to a country, trying to persuade the other side to implement "benevolent governance", which was completely different from ordinary sightseeing. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the meaning of the word "tour" accurately from the purpose of traveling eastward.

In 50 1 BC, Lu Dinggong appointed Confucius as the butcher in Zhongdu (now Wenshang County, Shandong Province), and became Sikong (chief engineer of management engineering) and air-conditioning manager the following year. This time, Lu told Confucius in Jiagu that he was preparing to form an alliance with Qi. Confucius said, "The State of Qi has repeatedly invaded our territory, and now we are invited to join the League, so we have to guard against it. I hope to bring about Sima. " Duke Ding of Lu agreed with Confucius and sent two generals and some troops to accompany him to Oracle bones. At the Oracle bones conference, due to the courtesy of Confucius, Lu won a diplomatic victory. After the meeting, it was decided to return three pieces of land in Wenyang (now southwest of Tai 'an, Shandong Province) occupied by Lu to Lu. Li Yan, a doctor in the State of Qi, thought that it was not good for the State of Qi for Confucius to stay in Lu as an official, and suggested sending a group of female musicians. Qi Jinggong agreed, so he selected eighty singers and asked them to meet Lu. Lu accepted this class of female music, eating, drinking and having fun every day, regardless of state affairs. Confucius tried to persuade him, and he avoided Confucius. This incident disappointed Confucius. Confucius' students said: "Lu Jun is not doing his business, let's go!" " After that, Confucius left Shandong and traveled around the world with a group of students, hoping to find an opportunity to realize his political views.

4. What's the story of Confucius' crusade? Two children argued that day.

Original text:

When Confucius traveled eastward, he saw two children arguing and asked them why.

A child said, "I think the sun is close to the sky at sunrise and far from the sky at noon." . "

Another child thinks that the sun is far from the sun when it rises, and it is closer to people at noon.

A child said, "When the sun just came out, the hood of the car was as big as noon and the plate was as small as usual. Is this the reason why it is not far from the big one?" ? "

Another child said, "The sun just came out to cool down, and it was as hot as putting your hand in hot water at noon. Isn't that why you feel hot when you are near and cool when you are far away?" ? "

Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right or wrong.

The two children smiled and said to Confucius, "Who said you were smart?" ? "

Translation:

One day, when Confucius traveled eastward, he saw two children arguing and asked why.

A child said, "I think the sun is closer to people when it first rises and farther away at noon."

Another child thinks that the sun is farther away from people at sunrise and closer to people at noon.

A child said, "The sun was as big as a hood when it first came out, and it was like a plate at noon. It is not small when it is far away, and it is not big when it is near? "

Another child said, "When the sun just came out, it felt cool. At noon, it was like putting your hand into hot water. It's not hot when it's near, and it's not cold when it's far away? "

Confucius could not judge who was right or wrong.

The two children smiled and said, "Who says you are very wise?"

Extended data:

"Two sons arguing about Japan" came from the thinker Liezi Tang Wen in the Warring States Period. This article is an instructive fable.

It describes two children of Confucius and Lu Yu arguing about the distance between the sun, but Confucius couldn't make up his mind. Explain that knowledge is endless and learning is endless.

At the same time, it also praised Confucius' spirit of seeking truth from facts and daring to admit his lack of knowledge, as well as the spirit of the ancients who dared to explore objective truth, think independently and question boldly. The full text describes, expresses characters and unfolds stories through dialogues. Character language is very personalized, and the characters are clearly visible and lifelike.

By describing two children arguing about the distance between the sun and man in the morning and noon, it reflects the precious spirit of people in ancient China in exploring natural phenomena, thinking independently, questioning boldly and pursuing truth.

This short story runs through dialogue. Based on Confucius' view that it is impossible to decide, the full text describes the process of two children arguing about Japan in an orderly way.

First, write two children to clearly put forward their views on the distance between the sun and people, which makes people think.

Then take out the basis separately. To outdo each other, they both used rhetorical questions, and put the word "debate" in the topic, which enhanced the debate.

Both children use vivid metaphors in the dialogue to prove their point of view through comparison. Compared with the size of the area, the first child is intuitive and seems reasonable.

The second child compared people's feelings about the hot and cold sun in different periods, which seems reasonable. It can be seen that they are diligent in thinking and have rich imagination;

From their tit-for-tat arguments, we can also feel the angry and smiling faces of the interlocutors. However, their understanding is superficial after all, and they can only hold their own opinions and can't get the correct answer.

In the last two sections, two children laughed at Confucius, who was noncommittal, in front of their argument.