The Market of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival

Fang market system has been implemented for nearly 2 years, but in the later period of Fang market system, with the development of commodity economy, the limitations of Fang market have become more and more prominent. At the end of the Five Dynasties, commerce was highly developed. During the reign of Xiande in the later Zhou Dynasty (954-959), the capital city of Kyoto (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) was already a prosperous scene of "horses and chariots converge, land and water meet, and it is prosperous day by day". At the same time, in the Fang city, however, "the number of houses is limited, and the industrial and commercial outlets are endless", so that "the houses are connected and the streets are crowded" (from the Five Dynasties Meeting). Obviously, the square market system was far from meeting the needs of commercial development at that time.

it is against this background that in the northern song dynasty, the square market was gradually replaced by the market. The so-called market, that is, setting up shops along the street, is no longer located in the closed square city, but generally located on both sides of the main road. In a sense, the market actually regards the whole city as a square city. The rise of the market is not only a change in the way of setting up stores, but also a great increase in the freedom of businessmen to do business. Businessmen are no longer subject to strict supervision and management, and they can freely choose the way, place and time of trading as long as they pay taxes according to the law. From The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan, a painter of the Northern Song Dynasty, we can clearly feel the prosperous commercial scene among the markets of Bianliang City in the Northern Song Dynasty 9 years ago.

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(3) Orderly social order

The street in The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is full of people from all walks of life, dignitaries, craftsmen and traders, and ordinary people. They all live in harmony under the social etiquette of Confucianism. As early as 15 years ago, Confucius pointed out that people with different status should get their own places, and they should not cross the line and confuse the ranks. Only in this way can they be regarded as peaceful and prosperous, peaceful and peaceful. Zhang Zeduan carried out this idea well in his paintings, which made the people in his paintings perform their duties and live in harmony and order, and also made people who saw this painting admire Song Huizong, the supreme ruler behind this prosperous time.

in the early song dynasty, the rulers respected Confucianism and advocated "Ming Gang Ji". The ruling clique of the Song Dynasty clearly realized that ritual music must be cultivated in the Ming Dynasty, and Confucianism must be emphasized in the cultivation of ritual music. Otherwise, it would be inevitable to repeat the mistakes of the previous generation of vassal regions and the monarchy. Therefore, the Song Dynasty devoted itself to the discipline of put in order from the very beginning. Therefore, in the early 8 years of Song Dynasty, China culture formed such a situation: only Buddhism and Taoism were aided into Confucianism, mainly Confucianism, and the ontology and epistemology of Buddhism and Taoism were combined with Confucian ethics and political philosophy, and the rationality and sacredness of feudal ethics, hierarchical order and authoritarian centralization were demonstrated with new speculative philosophy, and major theoretical issues such as moral origin and moral cultivation were tried to be solved. On the basis of Hu Ai, Sun Fu, Shi Jie and others, and under the inheritance and development of Zhou Dunyi, Zhang Zai, Cheng Yi, Shao Yong and Sima Guang, the traditional Confucian theory was taken as the basic framework, and whether it was beneficial to the Confucian school was taken as the value scale and the criterion of choice. The thoughts of Buddhism and Taoism and their speculative philosophy were studied, and the results of their theoretical thinking were absorbed in large quantities, and the ideological system of neo-Confucianism-Neo-Confucianism was established.

Neo-Confucianism is in perfect harmony with the Song rulers' idea of strengthening autocratic and centralized rule, so the Song rulers promoted Neo-Confucianism. In the imperial examination system, Taizong added new subjects such as Nine Classics, Five Classics, Three Rites and Three Biographies in addition to the Ming Classics, which increased the control of Confucian scholars' thoughts. Whether it is Confucius' benevolent policy thought of "self-denial and self-courtesy", Dong Zhongshu's ethical thought of "the interaction between heaven and man" and "the unity of heaven and man", or Song Confucianism's feudal moral hierarchy thought of "Jun Jun and courtiers", they all serve the ruling class and control people's ideology and behavior. The good social order shown in Zhang Zeduan's pictures was the need of ideology and politics at that time.

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