Girls should have temperament. I don't quite understand what temperament is. Who can tell me specifically, is it necessary to get dressed first?

Temperament, China's philosophical term, refers to people's physical and psychological qualities, which is a fairly stable personality characteristic. Also refers to people's demeanor; Appearance. Originated from Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, it is used to refer to people's innate different talents. This is a very important discussion topic of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties. Zhang Zai believes that human beings have different personalities at birth due to different innate endowments (qi), but these different personalities may change (change temperament) because of acquired cultivation and reading.

Stand like a pine, sit like a bell, walk like the wind, and be as quiet as empty.

EAs temperament model

A.H. Bass and Plomin put forward the EAs model of temperament, and identified three temperament tendencies: emotionality refers to the intensity of individual emotional response; Activity refers to the overall level of individual energy release; Communicative refers to the characteristics of individual interpersonal communication. A Thomas and Chase put forward nine dimensions of children's temperament, namely, activity level, rhythm, initiative or withdrawal, adaptability, reaction threshold, reaction intensity, emotional quality, distraction, attention span and persistence, and divided them into three temperament types: easy to educate, difficult to educate and slow to start.

the makings beautiful woman

Humoral theory of temperament

Hippocrates (460~ 377 BC), an ancient Greek doctor, observed that people have different temperament very early. He believes that there are four kinds of body fluids in the human body: blood, mucus, yellow bile and black bile. Park Yung-soo, a hippo, divides human temperament into four different types according to the different proportions of these four body fluids in the human body:

(1) sanguine: blood is the main body fluid.

(2) Mucus: Mucus is the main body fluid.

(3) Bile quality: Yellow bile is the main body fluid.

(4) Depression: Black bile is the main body fluid.

Temperament theory

Higher nervous activity studies.

Pavlov believes that there are four typical types of higher nervous activity, namely, active type, quiet type, irrepressible type and weak type, which correspond to the four temperament types of Hippocrates, namely, four typical behaviors of higher nervous activity. In addition to these four typical types, there are many intermediate types. The viewpoint of Pavlov School was further developed by successors, such as Teploff and Niebelizen, who advocated studying the characteristics of nervous system and its judgment indexes; Melling advocated discussing the relationship between the characteristics of nervous system and temperament, and emphasized that the organization of several characteristics of nervous system is the basis of temperament. Some people attribute temperament to differences in constitution, endocrine glands or blood types, but the physiological basis of temperament is still uncertain.

Temperament type

Basic characteristics of nervous system

Higher nervous activity type

Optimistic, balanced, flexible and lively.

Strong bile, unbalanced excitement

Strong mucus, balanced, inflexible and quiet type.

Depressive weak inhibitory type

Relativity of temperament

Temperament Beauty In the past hundred years, temperament psychology has developed rapidly and become an important part of personality psychology. According to the characteristics that temperament is the higher nervous activity type of human beings and its performance in behavior, psychology reveals three characteristics of excitement and inhibition: ① the intensity of excitement and inhibition; (2) the balance between excitation process and inhibition process; (3) Flexibility of excitation process and inhibition process. These characteristics divide higher nerve activity into four types: ① strong and unbalanced; ② Strong, balanced and flexible; ③ Strong, balanced and inert; 4 weak type. These types of higher nervous activity are the physiological basis for the formation of human temperament.

People's temperament can be divided into four types: choleric (excited), sanguine (active), mucinous (quiet) and depressed (depressed). Although there is no scientific basis for the temperament theory established in ancient times to explain the temperament types with body fluids, people can indeed observe the typical representatives of these four temperament types in daily life. Lively and active, sensitive, quick to respond, like to associate with people, easy to divert attention, easy to change interests, etc. , are the characteristics of sanguine. Frank, enthusiastic, energetic, impulsive, emotional changes, etc. , are the characteristics of bile. Quiet, steady, slow to respond, taciturn, not easy to show emotions, stable attention but not easy to transfer, good at patience, etc. , are the characteristics of mucilage. Loneliness, slow action, profound experience and being good at detecting small things that others are not easy to detect are the characteristics of depression. So the names of these four temperament types have been adopted by many scholars and have been used all the time.

People's temperament types can be determined by some methods. But few people belong to a certain type, and most people are intermediate types between various types, that is, mixed types, such as bile-sanguine, sanguine-mucinous and so on.