Can anyone help me analyze what kind of disease this is?

Diarrhea refers to the discharge of abnormally thin stools, or containing undigested food, or even pus and blood, and frequent defecation, accompanied by symptoms such as urgency to defecate, discomfort around the anus, and incontinence. Diarrhea is rarely a symptom of a serious illness and usually does not require special treatment. However, a large amount of intestinal fluid is lost due to diarrhea. Repeated diarrhea can cause electrolyte imbalance in the blood, especially excessive loss of potassium ions, causing general discomfort. If diarrhea persists or is accompanied by pus and blood in the stool, severe vomiting or high fever, you should go to the hospital immediately.

1. Key points of self-diagnosis of diarrhea

Accompanied symptoms

Possible diagnosis

Acute diarrhea, watery stool, may be accompanied by Gastroenteritis with (or without) fever, periumbilical pain, and gastroenteritis, mostly caused by eating unclean, spoiled, or allergic foods

Acute diarrhea is accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, and is found in stools Bacillary dysentery and amoebic dysentery, but ulcerative colitis cannot be excluded

Chronic diarrhea accompanied by fever is common in chronic dysentery, schistosomiasis, intestinal tuberculosis and colon cancer

Chronic diarrhea, intermittent constipation, colon allergies, rectal or colon polyps, and colon cancer must be ruled out

The feces is red or bloody, containing small pieces of pus and blood, which is large in amount and has a foul odor. Amoebic dysentery

Amoebic dysentery

Severe diarrhea, accompanied by severe vomiting, fever, Severe dehydration, with stools that look like rice swill, and the dangerous condition may be cholera and paracholera

The causes and treatments of common diarrhea

Summer is the season of high incidence of bacillary dysentery. At this time, salmonella enteritis , diarrhea caused by rotavirus has also reached its peak incidence. Because all three have clinical symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting, the diagnosis can easily be confused. In addition, bacillary dysentery and salmonella enteritis differ in the use of antibiotics, while rotavirus diarrhea does not require antibiotics. Therefore, identifying the three is of great significance for timely treatment.

Bacillary dysentery is mostly caused by eating unclean foods such as vegetables and fruits. It is rare in children under 1 year old. The first symptoms are diarrhea first and then vomiting, and abdominal pain, mainly left lower abdominal pain, which is characteristic of diarrhea. The patient has frequent bowel movements, more than ten times a day, or even more, but the stool volume is small, the stool is mucus or pus and blood, the tenesmus is obvious, the field of view of white blood cells is full during stool microscopy, and Shigella can be detected by ambassador culture. Norfloxacin is currently the best anti-dysenteric drug.

Salmonella enteritis is mostly caused by eating unclean foods such as milk, eggs, poultry, offal, etc. It is more common in children under 1 year old. The first symptom is vomiting first and then diarrhea, often with vomiting, mainly periumbilical abdominal pain, 3-10 bowel movements per day, large stool volume, watery stool with mucus, no obvious tenesmus, and total white blood cell count in stool microscopy. Most of them are normal. Salmonella can be found in stool culture. The treatment drugs are compound Xinhuaming, chloramphenicol, ampicillin or third-generation cephalosporins.

Whole disease is the main cause of non-bacterial diarrhea in children under 6 years old, with the highest incidence rate in children between 6 months and 2 years old. The first symptoms of rotavirus diarrhea are vomiting and coughing, diarrhea 3-10 times a day, and loose, watery or egg-shaped stools. There is a sour smell, no mucus or pus and blood, stool microscopy and stool culture are negative, the blood picture is not high, and the virus test can isolate rotavirus. If there is no secondary bacterial infection, antibacterial drugs may not be needed.

Treat diarrhea by scratching the "belly tendons"

Diarrhea caused by catching cold can be treated by scratching the "belly tendons". Let the patient lie prone on the bed, and grab a thick muscle "belly muscle" on the inside of the patient's two shoulder blades. Grasp this tendon, lift it up, and then release it suddenly. Do this several times from left to right, and it will have a miraculous effect.

What is diarrhea?

Diarrhea is a common symptom in digestive system diseases. It refers to more frequent bowel movements than usual, thin stools, increased water content, and sometimes increased fat, with There is indigestible matter or pus and blood.

Normal people generally have a bowel movement once a day. Some people have a bowel movement once every 2 to 3 days, or 2 to 3 times a day. If the stool is formed, it should not be called diarrhea. It is worth noting that rectal constipation often occurs in the elderly and patients after surgery. At this time, due to feces impaction in the rectal cavity, irritation of the rectal mucosa, the frequency of defecation may increase, accompanied by tenesmus, and sometimes Mucus discharge should not be classified as diarrhea. It is actually severe constipation. This kind of constipation requires enema or digging with hands to help defecation. Medically, it is called pseudodiarrhea.

How to classify diarrhea?

Diarrhea is a symptom, its pathogenesis is quite complex, and there are many diseases that cause diarrhea. Therefore, there are various classification methods for diarrhea:

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(1)According to the duration of the disease, it is divided into acute diarrhea and chronic diarrhea.

Acute diarrhea refers to an increase in the frequency of defecation and varying degrees of loose stools, often accompanied by abdominal pain caused by intestinal spasm, and the duration of the disease is less than two months; clinically, if the diarrhea lasts or repeatedly exceeds Two months can be called chronic diarrhea. Of course, this distinction is artificial. Diarrhea with a duration of more than two months can be called chronic diarrhea, but those with a history of less than two months may not all be acute. Some of these cases may be in the early stages of chronic diarrhea, or may have unusual clinical manifestations. The first episode of an apparently chronic case must be cross-referenced with acute diarrhea in the actual diagnosis.

(2) According to the pathophysiological characteristics, it can be divided into:

a Exudative diarrhea

b Secretory diarrhea

c Osmotic diarrhea

d Malabsorption diarrhea

e Accelerated gastrointestinal motility diarrhea

(3) According to anatomical location, it can be divided into:

a Gastrogenic diarrhea

b Enterogenic diarrhea

c Pancreatogenic chronic diarrhea

d Endocrine disorder diarrhea

e Functional diarrhea

Among them, enterogenic diarrhea can be divided into:

a Pathogenic infectious diarrhea

b Inflammatory non-infectious diarrhea Diarrhea

c Tumor-induced diarrhea

d Dyspepsia and malabsorption diarrhea

e Food (poisoning, allergy) diarrhea

f Toxic diarrhea caused by drug effects or chemicals

g Functional diarrhea

What is the basis of diarrhea?

Diarrhea is mainly caused by viruses, bacteria, and food toxins Or the result of functional disorders such as gastrointestinal secretion, digestion, absorption and movement caused by chemical poisons, drug effects, intestinal allergies, systemic diseases and other reasons.

We know that after the food and other substances ingested by the human body are digested and decomposed through the gastrointestinal tract, the useful parts are absorbed, and the useless residues are excreted in the feces. The daily intake of food by a normal person and the digestive juice and water secreted into the digestive tract from various digestive glands (such as salivary glands, pancreas, etc.) and gastrointestinal mucosal epithelial cells total about 9L and contain a large amount of electrolytes. Generally, within 24 hours , the jejunum absorbs 3 to 5L of water, the ileum 2 to 4L, and only about 1 to 2L of water enters the colon, and most of it is absorbed by the colon. The final water excreted with the feces is only 100 to 150ml, and there is also a small amount of electrolytes. Due to the strong potential of the intestines to absorb water, the water content of normal people's feces is generally stable and will not be affected by the amount of water consumed. In the intestinal lumen of the upper small intestine, due to the difference in quality and quantity of chyme and the amount of electrolyte content, its osmotic pressure can be hypertonic or hypotonic. Water is constantly seeping from the plasma into the intestinal lumen, or is absorbed from the intestinal lumen into the plasma, causing Osmosis between plasma and intestinal lumen maintains a dynamic balance.

The basis of diarrhea is the dysfunction or disorder of the secretion, digestion, absorption and movement functions of the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in increased secretion, incomplete digestion, reduced absorption and/or accelerated motility, etc. Eventually, the stool becomes thin, may contain exudate, and the frequency of bowel movements increases, leading to diarrhea.

How to predict the disease based on the symptom of diarrhea?

The symptom of diarrhea, if combined with the patient's medical history, symptoms, signs and other aspects, can help to further speculate on the cause of diarrhea.

(1) Analysis based on age: Children’s diarrhea is mostly due to rotavirus infection, disaccharide esterase deficiency, congenital chlordiarrhea, mesenteric lymphatic tuberculosis and pancreatic fibrocystic degeneration; diarrhea in young adults is more common It is functional diarrhea and ulcerative intestinal tuberculosis; diarrhea in middle-aged or elderly people is often colon cancer.

(2) Gender analysis: Functional diarrhea caused by hyperthyroidism is more common in women, while colon diverticula and colon cancer are more common in men.

(3) Analysis from the perspective of place of origin and occupation: Farmers and fishermen living in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have frequent contact with infected water, and the possibility of schistosomiasis infection should be considered when they have diarrhea.

(4) Analysis from the onset and course of the disease: For those with an acute onset, short course of disease, and frequent diarrhea, diarrhea caused by various causes should be considered, such as rotavirus infection, salmonella infection, and bacillary dysentery. , Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection, staphylococcal enterotoxic food poisoning, amebiasis, intestinal allergic diseases, drug effects and chemical poisoning, etc. If the medical history lasts for more than 2 years, the possibility of colon cancer is less; if the medical history lasts for several years to decades, functional diarrhea, schistosomiasis, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are common; if the diarrhea is Intermittent attacks are common in functional diarrhea, malabsorption syndrome and colonic diverticulitis.

(5) Analysis of gastrointestinal symptoms: From the gastrointestinal symptoms presented by the patient, especially diarrhea, it can be inferred that the lesion is in the small intestine or colon. If the patient has frequent defecation, has tenesmus, has a small bowel movement each time, and sometimes only discharges some gas or a small amount of mucus without fecal matter, the feces is dark, pulpy, sticky and jelly-like, with or without visible blood, and smells bad. The gas is not heavy, accompanied by persistent pain in the lower abdomen or left lower quadrant. The abdominal pain can be relieved slightly after defecation. This type of diarrhea is located in the rectum and/or sigmoid colon.

If there are no symptoms of tenesmus during diarrhea, the stool is light in color, large in quantity, watery, foamy or greasy, with a foul odor, and there is no visible blood or pus, but it contains undigested food residue and is associated with the area around the umbilical cord. Or it may be limited to intermittent cramping in the right lower abdomen and hyperactive bowel sounds. This type of diarrhea is located in the small intestine.

Acute diarrhea if the number of bowel movements in 24 hours is more than 10 times, or even dozens of times, is common in secretory diarrhea caused by acute infections, such as cholera and exudative diarrhea such as bacillary dysentery. Chronic diarrhea with several bowel movements per day can be seen in many diseases, such as chronic bacillary dysentery, chronic amoebic enteropathy, schistosomiasis, ulcerative colitis, rectal and colon cancer, and irritable bowel syndrome.

If diarrhea and constipation occur alternately, it can be seen in ulcerative intestinal tuberculosis, colon cancer, incomplete intestinal obstruction, colonic diverticulitis, constipation in people who have the habit of taking laxatives, and intestinal irritable syndrome. When the latter is constipated, the stool is like "cow dung" with mucus but no pus and blood.

If diarrhea is related to meals, diarrhea can be stopped after fasting. This type of diarrhea is commonly caused by increased osmotic pressure of intestinal contents, abnormal mucosal permeability and accelerated intestinal peristalsis.

If diarrhea occurs in the early morning or after a meal, it is common in irritable bowel syndrome; if diarrhea occurs at night and wakes the patient up from sleep, it often indicates that it is caused by organic disease.

(6) Analysis of systemic symptoms: If diarrhea is accompanied by fever, various causes of intestinal infection should first be considered, and ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and advanced intestinal cancer should also be excluded. . If the patient is significantly thin or malnourished, it is common in small intestinal diarrhea, such as pancreatic diarrhea, short circuit formation in the gastrointestinal tract or other absorption defects, but rare in colonic diarrhea. However, cachexia can occur in colon cancer, which should be an exception. . If diarrhea is accompanied by insomnia, forgetfulness, inattention, etc., and the symptoms often change with the mood and can be temporarily relieved with hints, this kind of diarrhea is common in irritable bowel syndrome.

(7) Analysis from abdominal signs: For patients with chronic diarrhea, palpable abdominal masses often indicate tumors or inflammatory diseases. If the mass is located in the left lower abdomen, fecal mass accumulation caused by intestinal stenosis caused by left colon cancer, sigmoid colon diverticulitis or cancer should be suspected.

If the mass is located in the right lower abdomen, right colon cancer, amoebic or schistosomiasis granuloma, intestinal tuberculosis, Crohn's disease, and intestinal actinomycosis should be suspected. The masses formed by colitis and pericolitis are swollen, softer and more tender than cancer. During colon spasm, the palpable intestinal segment may appear and disappear, but does not often exist. It can be distinguished from masses caused by organic lesions. If abdominal tenderness is significant, it may be due to Crohn's disease, colonic diverticulitis, or pelvic or appendiceal abscess. If the abdomen is distended and accompanied by elevated bowel sounds, it often indicates intestinal obstruction.

(8) Digital rectal examination analysis: Digital rectal examination is simple and easy to perform. It can detect whether there are lesions around the anus and whether there are strictures, cancers or fecal stones in the rectum. Therefore, digital rectal examination can detect diarrhea caused by rectal cancer. patients and has important value for direct diagnosis. When a finger touches a hard and immovable nodular mass and the finger cot is stained with blood, it often indicates rectal cancer.

What harm does diarrhea cause to the human body?

The harm caused by diarrhea to the human body is multi-faceted:

(1) Diarrhea can cause malnutrition: as we all know, The gastrointestinal tract is the only way for the human body to absorb nutrients. After the ingested food and other nutrients are digested and decomposed in the gastrointestinal tract, the useful parts are absorbed, and the useless residues are excreted in the feces. During diarrhea, the body's absorption of nutrients is seriously hindered and energy supply is insufficient, making people feel dizzy, dry mouth, tired limbs, palpitation and shortness of breath, and even malnutrition.

(2) Diarrhea can lead to vitamin deficiency: Long-term diarrhea can directly affect the body’s absorption of vitamins and cause vitamin deficiency. Some people have dry skin and hair after prolonged diarrhea, and their hair loses its normal luster and moisture, with sporadic shedding, resulting in premature baldness. This is caused by a lack of vitamin A; for example, some people develop glossitis, angular stomatitis, and multiple hair loss. Sexual neuritis, which is the result of a lack of vitamin B.

(3) Diarrhea can cause anemia: due to digestion and absorption disorders, the absorption of protein and other hematopoietic raw materials is reduced, which can cause anemia and appear pale colors in nails, palms, skin, lips, and palpebral conjunctiva. , fatigue, dizziness, tinnitus, inability to concentrate and other anemia symptoms, and even malnutrition edema may occur.

(4) Diarrhea can reduce the body’s resistance: Malnutrition, anemia and vitamin deficiency caused by diarrhea can weaken the body’s resistance to infectious diseases and various infections, and inflammation can easily spread. It can also weaken the ability of tissue regeneration and trauma healing, making it difficult for wounds to heal after injury.

(5) Diarrhea can cause water, electrolyte imbalance and acid-base balance disorder: small intestinal mucosal lesions can directly affect the body's absorption of water. High osmotic pressure in the intestinal cavity will cause part of the water in the blood to flow into the intestinal cavity. Transferred, and finally excreted in the stool, causing the body to lose a large amount of water. When water loss does not exceed 5% of body weight, the body can compensate. Once it exceeds 5, it cannot compensate, resulting in a series of water and electrolyte imbalances and acid-base balance disorders.

During diarrhea, the body not only loses a large amount of water and nutrients, but also loses a large amount of electrolytes that are important for the body's functional activities, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. If the loss exceeds a certain limit, corresponding body dysfunction will occur. For example, when potassium is deficient, a series of potassium deficiency symptoms such as arrhythmia, general weakness, weakened or absent reflexes, and even respiratory muscle paralysis and intestinal paralysis may occur.

Usually, the carbon dioxide produced by metabolism in the body is excreted through breathing, and the remaining waste needs to be transported through water and excreted through the kidneys and urine. When dehydrated, the urine output is reduced due to the loss of water in the body, or even anuria. This will reduce the excretion of waste products produced by metabolism in the body and accumulate in the body, causing the body to develop poisoning symptoms, which is called "acidosis." In addition to respiratory changes, its clinical manifestations include fatigue, weakness and neurological symptoms.

Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and acidosis will cause serious damage to the body, and if not rescued in time, life will be in danger.

Diarrhea is particularly harmful to the elderly. Due to their weak resistance, the elderly are more prone to diarrhea than younger adults. If diarrhea is considered a minor illness and does not seek medical treatment in time, it can easily lead to serious illness, serious health hazards, and even sudden death.

This is because acute diarrhea in the elderly is prone to complications such as hypoglycemia, cardiac and cerebrovascular accidents. It is normal to eat less when you have diarrhea. Insufficient intake requires the decomposition of liver glycogen stored in the body to maintain blood sugar stability. However, the elderly do not have enough liver glycogen stores to be converted into sugar. The fasting blood sugar concentration of normal people is 4.4-6.7mmol/L. When the blood sugar is lower than 3mmol/L, a series of hypoglycemia symptoms such as weakness, sweating, palpitations, pale complexion and syncope will appear. Hypoglycemia can also cause deep coma and sudden death.

Loss of a large amount of water during diarrhea will put the human body in a state of dehydration, resulting in reduced blood volume, increased blood viscosity, slow blood flow, and easy formation of thrombus and blockage of blood vessels. Sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium can maintain blood acid-base balance, nerve conduction function, and heartbeat rhythm. The lack of these cations during diarrhea can cause severe heart rhythm disorders, which is even more detrimental to the elderly with cardiovascular disease.

Therefore, once the elderly have diarrhea, they should not take it lightly and seek medical treatment in time.

Why can’t antibiotics be used casually to treat diarrhea?

Some people believe that diarrhea must be a bacterial infection of the gastrointestinal tract, so once diarrhea is encountered, antibiotics are used to treat it, such as berberine, Gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, etc.

It is true that cholera, dysentery and some enteritis caused by Escherichia coli infection are bacterial infections, and antibacterial drugs are often required for treatment. However, diarrhea is not necessarily caused by bacterial infection of the gastrointestinal tract. For example, coldness in the abdomen causes accelerated intestinal peristalsis; allergies to foods such as dairy, fish, shrimp, and crab cause intestinal allergic reactions; pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, pancreatic cancer, etc.; bile Reduced excretion and lack of disaccharidase result in a large amount of undigested and unabsorbable solutes in the intestinal lumen, causing hypertonic diarrhea; when traveling or moving to other places, some people lose the normal flora in their intestinal tract due to changes in their living environment. The living environment of babies has changed, resulting in symptoms such as anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain and even diarrhea caused by "dysbiosis"; some babies suffer from diarrhea due to improper diet and too much supplementary food added too quickly. Lift. There is no bacterial infection in diarrhea like this. There are also some types of diarrhea, such as diarrhea in infants and young children in autumn and winter, "epidemic diarrhea" in adults and older children in summer, and fungal enteritis, which are not commonly referred to as bacterial infections. Among them, diarrhea in infants and young children in autumn and winter and "epidemic diarrhea" in summer are caused by viral infections, while fungal enteritis is caused by a type of mold with completely different characteristics from ordinary bacteria. Since the pathogens are different, the treatment methods should not be exactly the same, so antibiotics should be used with caution.

Many antibiotics, especially after oral administration, can cause varying degrees of gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or loss of appetite, and even affect the liver, kidneys and hematopoietic function. Among them, broad-spectrum antibiotics The gastrointestinal side effects caused are more serious. The reason is that in addition to chemical irritation factors (chemical irritation is dose-related), broad-spectrum antibiotics can cause bacterial imbalance in the body and lead to secondary infections. This is another important factor.

Superinfection, also known as dysbiosis. Under normal circumstances, people are in an environment where a huge number of microorganisms live. The skin and mucous membranes of the human body and the cavities connected to the outside world, such as the mouth, nose, pharynx, intestines, etc., all harbor a certain number of bacteria. These numbers Various bacteria and the human body are interdependent and mutually restrictive. They are not only harmless to the human body, but actually beneficial. Among them, the normal flora of the intestines play an important role in promoting the digestion and absorption of food. Moreover, the normal flora of the intestines also have a strong inhibitory effect on pathogenic bacteria that are harmful to human health and can effectively inhibit them. Growth and reproduction are very important to the human body and are called ecological balance in medicine.

The application of antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum antibiotics, often inhibits sensitive bacteria everywhere in the body, allowing drug-resistant bacteria to take the opportunity to multiply and grow in the body, leading to secondary infections. In other words, antibiotics were originally used to kill pathogenic bacteria, but instead resulted in more severe bacterial infections. Among them, drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacilli were the main pathogens of secondary infections.

The main form of secondary infection caused by drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is enteritis. It can be seen that secondary infection caused by the application of broad-spectrum antibiotics often aggravates diarrhea.

In addition, the application of broad-spectrum antibiotics has inhibited many bacteria in the intestine. Some of these bacteria have the ability to synthesize vitamin B and vitamin K. Therefore, imbalance of the flora may lead to vitamin B complex Deficiency may cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Diarrhea

Diarrhea refers to increased defecation frequency, increased water content, thin stools, or abnormal components such as pus, blood, fat, etc., often accompanied by bowel sounds and abdominal pain.

Acute diarrhea refers to illness lasting less than 2 months. The main cause of diarrhea is rapid intestinal peristalsis and insufficient time for water to be fully absorbed in the intestine. Others are caused by excessive intestinal secretion and impaired digestion and absorption.

Acute diarrhea is mostly caused by bacterial infections, such as enteritis and dysentery. Some are simple diarrhea caused by overeating, imbalance of cold and heat, and indigestion.

(1) Differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea

(1) Diarrhea with tenesmus, mostly rectal lesions; paroxysmal pain around the navel, watery stools, strong abdominal sounds, Most are small intestinal lesions.

(2) Diarrhea accompanied by vomiting, often gastroenteritis and food poisoning.

(3) Accompanied by fever and abdominal pain, seen in acute bacillary dysentery.

(4) For long-term antibiotic or hormone treatment, simple diarrhea with dysbiosis should be considered.

(5) Those accompanied by rash are seen in allergic enteritis.

(6) If the daily stool volume is greater than 1000 ml, it is secretory diarrhea.

(7) Rice soup-like stool is seen in cholera and paracholera; purulent and bloody stool is seen in amoebic dysentery, bacillary dysentery, and colon cancer; smelly and foamy stool is steatorrhea; watery stool after washing meat It is acute hemorrhagic enteritis; the egg drop soup sample is pseudomembranous enteritis.

(2) Rescue measures for acute diarrhea

(1) First consider the relationship between diarrhea and the food eaten, and leave food samples to rule out the possibility of food poisoning. Leave stool samples for testing in time to find out the cause and then provide symptomatic treatment.

(2) Fast for the time being and keep your abdomen warm. To prevent dehydration, drink more light salt water (add a small amount of sugar). When dehydration symptoms such as thirst, oliguria, dry and wrinkled skin, and sunken eyes occur, in addition to oral administration of light salt water, patients with severe vomiting who cannot drink water or who are dehydrated should actively carry out intravenous rehydration.

(3) Diarrhea is infectious, and oral antibiotics, such as berberine and tetracycline, are required.

(4) Abdominal pain can be treated with atropine, 654?2, and belladonna tablets. And give local hot compress.

(5) For severe diarrhea, astringent antidiarrheal drugs, tannic acid protein, light tea, burnt steamed bun slices, etc. can be given appropriately.

(6) For indigestion and diarrhea, you can take lactase and other drugs.

(7) If the above treatments are not effective, the patient should go to the hospital for treatment as soon as possible.

What is diarrhea, and is it related to anal disease?

It is generally believed that diarrhea is the most common symptom of large intestinal diseases. Its specific manifestations include changes in the frequency and properties of stools, such as an increase in the frequency of defecation, loose stools, changes in shape, color, smell, etc., containing pus, mucus, undigested food, fat, or turning into yellow, thin water, green Thin, sour taste; symptoms such as abdominal pain, falling, tenesmus, and anal burning during defecation.

Diarrhea is related to many anal diseases:

Chronic or long-term diarrhea can lead to abscesses around the anorectum and form anal fistulas. Diarrhea irritation can cause anal fissure pain to worsen. Diarrhea can cause congestion in the anus. Fecal irritation can cause hemorrhoidal mucosal edema, which can prolapse out of the anus with stool, forming incarcerated hemorrhoids or inflammatory external hemorrhoids. Long-term diarrhea can also lead to a series of pathologies such as rectal prolapse.

In addition, prolonged diarrhea can also lead to systemic symptoms of anal diseases, such as anemia, weight loss, fatigue, fatigue, etc.

How does Western medicine understand diarrhea?

The views of Western medicine on diarrhea generally include the following points:

①Infection: that is, due to decay and deterioration Food is inhabited by various bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and peristaltic parasites. Such food can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea.

② Gastrointestinal tumors and inflammation: Advanced gastric cancer, rectal cancer, chronic gastroenteritis, chronic ulcerative colitis, intestinal Crohn's disease, etc., can all cause acute and chronic exudative diarrhea.

It can be seen that there is exudate, mucus and pus and blood in the feces, and the frequency of defecation increases, but there is no growth of pathogenic bacteria in fecal culture.

③Abnormal intestinal motility and hyperperistalsis: Some intestinal diseases such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, etc. can cause hypermotility of the colon and cause diarrhea; in addition, carcinoid syndrome secretes serotonin, mastocytosis, etc. Histamine secreted, gastrin secreted by gastrinoma, prostaglandins, serotonin and hypocalcin secreted by medullary thyroid cancer can all increase intestinal peristalsis and cause diarrhea.

Excessive stress in work and study, and excessive mental stimulation can cause gastrointestinal dysfunction and diarrhea. In addition, colon allergies can also cause diarrhea.

Some drugs that inhibit sympathetic nerves and excite parasympathetic nerves can also cause diarrhea.

④Intestinal malabsorption of fat: The feces of this type of diarrhea are light yellow or gray, greasy and pasty, and have a foul smell.

⑤Poisoning: Food poisoning, as well as food poisoning caused by bacterial exotoxins, toadstool poisoning, pufferfish poisoning, etc., causing diarrhea.

Poisoning by chemical substances such as arsenic, mercury, alcohol, tetracycline, and erythromycin can also cause diarrhea.

People who are allergic to milk, fish, meat, shrimp, and crab may also suffer from diarrhea.

What are the Western medicine treatments for diarrhea?

Symptomatic treatment is the main method of Western medicine to treat diarrhea.

① Antibiotics: For those who are clearly diagnosed with bacterial infection, antibiotics must be used promptly.

②Astringent antidiarrheal drugs: Use sodium hypocarbonate, aluminum hydroxide gel or compound camphor tincture for symptomatic treatment.

③Intestinal spasm-relieving drugs: Use compound phenylephrine, atropine, profenac or laudanum tincture for treatment.

④Physiotherapy: Use field effect therapy instrument to treat the abdomen. However, a clear diagnosis is required to rule out bacterial infection.

⑤Hot compress: Place a hot water bottle on the abdomen to help treat diarrhea.

How to diagnose and differentially diagnose various diarrhea?

Diagnosis and differential diagnosis should be based on the following items:

①Medical history and symptoms

a. Medical history: You should know the origin of the disease, the course of the disease, the age and gender of the disease, diet, frequently used drugs, and the use of antidiarrheal or cathartic drugs. At the same time, understand what diseases and symptoms the patient is accompanied by, and determine whether and how they are related to diarrhea.

b. Symptoms: The nature of diarrhea should be roughly determined from the nature, shape, smell, mucus and other secretions, excretions, etc. of the feces.

②Physical examination

Inspection: Check the general condition, rash, mental condition, body posture, weight, etc.

Palpation: Check the abdomen with your hands to understand the nature of pain, abdominal mass, etc. At the same time, you should try your best to perform digital anal examination to exclude anal diseases.

Auscultation: Understand intestinal peristalsis.

③Laboratory examination: Diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria through direct microscopy and bacterial culture in stool.

④X-ray examination: Use X-ray abdominal plain film to check the intestinal condition, or use air barium radiography to diagnose digestive tract function and organic lesions.