Tell me about my understanding of logic and effective reasoning. Everyone is welcome to correct me.

Your analysis is very reasonable and the form of reasoning is complete. I strongly agree with one thing, that is, the so-called "effective reasoning" is actually something artificially defined, and there is no so-called true or false (actually (Truth and falsehood are just semantic concepts). As long as we can use the natural deductive system to continuously deform the conclusion through deductive rules according to the given premise, this series of formulas is called effective reasoning. After establishing the natural deductive system, we have. A reliable expression tool. Then we can build any object on this basis, including semantic theory, ZF set theory, mathematical logic, etc. "

You have learned well, and I hope you will continue to work hard. Can make achievements in the subject of logic!