How did Sun Bin, a military strategist who lost his footing in Wolf Guard, defeat Wei twice?

During the Warring States Period, Sun Bin lived in seclusion in a remote mountain village far from Linzi, the capital of Qi State, and devoted himself to studying and writing military theories. It was late autumn. On this day, Sun Bin looked up from several boxes full of bamboo slips and looked at the dead leaves falling in the autumn wind outside the window. His eyes involuntarily turned to his crippled leg. Those hard and unforgettable years seemed to emerge in front of his eyes.

I never lost my ambition to be killed down the mountain.

Sun Bin is a Kidi. His real name is unknown now, because he was tortured, so later generations called him Bin Sun. According to records from 0755 to 79000, Sun Bin was a descendant of Sun Bin, and Sun Bin died in Sun Bin more than 0/00 years later.

When Sun Bin was young, he took Guiguzi as his teacher and studied the art of war from Ren Wei and Pang Juan. This Guiguzi is a hermit with profound virtue, and he has the talent of going to heaven and going to earth. He is proficient in mathematics, astrology and latitude, and knows the past and future like the back of his hand. It is difficult to understand and judge the situation because it is also widely recorded and listened to. He is also proficient in fertility research, studying nature, receiving guidance and prolonging life; Especially proficient in military science, six towers and three strategies, endless changes, the formation of private soldiers, ghosts and gods unpredictable. It is said that his disciples are numerous. Wei Liang, a famous soldier in the Warring States, Su Qin and Zhang Yi, who dominated the world, all came from his door. Sun Bin is honest, modest and prudent, studies hard, and is highly valued by Guiguzi. One day, Guiguzi said to his disciples, "I hate hearing mice at night." At night, you take turns to drive away the mice for me. That night, when it was Sun Bin's turn to sleep, Guiguzi called Sun Bin, took out a roll of paper from under his pillow and said to him, "This is Thirteen Biographies of Historical Records and Sun Tzu's Art of War left by your grandparents. At that time, your ancestors dedicated it to Wu Wang and Lu who defeated the Chu army with tactics. After Lu _ treasured this book, he didn't want to spread it widely, but put it in an iron cabinet and hid it in a house in Gusu. This book has not been handed down since soldiers burned down Taiwan Province province. I want to establish a relationship with your ancestors, get this book and annotate it myself; The secret of marching is among them, and no one will win the prize easily. Now I see that he is loyal and honest, so I will pay him. " And warned that "those who get this book should make good use of it to benefit the world, not harm it." So Sun Bin took him back to his bedroom and studied day and night. After three days, you can recite correctly and answer fluently. Guiguzi asked questions one by one, and Sun Bin answered them every word, with unique insights and profound play. Guiguzi was surprised and said happily, "You are so careful. Your ancestor Mr. Sun Wu has an heir. "

Unexpectedly, after being known by Pang Juan, Pang Juan became jealous of Sun Bin. This man is naturally treacherous and jealous. How can he tolerate Sun Bin surpassing himself? However, he is good at camouflage and once became brothers with Sun Bin. One day, a disciple went down the mountain to fetch water, and heard passers-by say that Wei was rich and needed to recruit talents and attract wisdom. Pang Juan was very moved and went to Wei to look for a job. Guiguzi saw his appearance and his meaning? He sent Pang Juan down the mountain. Make an appointment with Sun Bin before going down the mountain. If this trip is a stepping stone, you can recommend Sun Bin for meritorious service. Old sins create new shame. Sun Bin felt puzzled and cried goodbye to him.

In the mid-Warring States period, bears fought for the world and wanted to dominate by force. At that time, Wei was the strongest of the Seven Heroes in the Warring States Period. When Wei Huiwang heard that a disciple who claimed to be guiguzi came to apply for the job, he readily accepted it. When Pang Juan arrived in Wei Huiwang, he pointed and drew, leaving behind everything he had learned all his life, for fear that he would never finish learning. Q: "There is Qi in the east, Qin in the west, Chu in the south and Zhao and Yan in the north. Surrounded by big countries, how to stand in the world? " Pang cried and said, "Your Majesty wants me to be a general. I dare say it is not difficult to destroy them. Do you need to be afraid of them? " If not, I would rather be punished. Wei Huiwang exultation, worship Pang Juan as general, worship him as a strategist. His son Pang Ying, nephews Pang Cong and Pang Mao are all generals. This group of "Pang Family Generals" have been training and raising horses all day, and they are ambitious. Soon, he led troops to attack weaker countries such as Wei and Song, and won many times. He repelled Qi who came to attack. At that time, Pang Juan became famous, and Wei Huiwang trusted Pang Juan more.

After being reused by Wei, Pang Juan failed to honor his promise to invite Sun Bin down the mountain. Later, when Wei Huiwang heard that Sun Bin was very talented, he asked Pang Juan to write an invitation, but Pang Juan had to agree.

After receiving Pang Juan's letter, Sun Bin was very grateful to Pang Juan for his kindness and immediately packed his bags to see Wei. After seeing Sun Bin, Pang Juan pretended to welcome him and gave him warm hospitality. However, before long, Pang Juan forged letters and framed Sun Bin. Slander Sun Bin in front of him, saying that he was having an affair with Qi. Hui was very angry and wanted to put Sun Bin to death. In order to cheat Sun Bin's art of war, Pang Juan hypocritically begged Wang Wei in front of his classmates and turned the death penalty into flogging. Bin Sun's knee was cut off, the surface was pierced and then painted with ink. Sun Bin became a basket case, living on Pang Juan every day, always feeling sorry for others. In order to repay Pang Juan's kindness, he promised to recite thirteen articles of The Art of War and write them on a bamboo tube.

Sun Bin took pains to copy every day. The footman who waited on him couldn't stand it, so he told Sun Bin the truth. Until now, it suddenly dawned on Sun Bin that he saw the true face of Pang Juan and really regretted it. Now under the control of Pang Juan. His knees are gone and his legs can't walk. This is pathetic. However, Sun Bin is a man of extraordinary will and has not been depressed by it. He buried his hatred deep in his heart. On the one hand, he skillfully dealt with Pang Juan; On the other hand, he wants to get rid of Pang Juan's surveillance as soon as possible, thinking that he can run freely one day, blood out. He began to pretend to be crazy, burned several newly written art books one by one, cried and laughed, and made all kinds of silly appearances: either vomiting or screaming. People panicked and quickly told Pang Juan about it. When Pang Juan personally checked, he only saw Sun Bin's face was full of phlegm, sometimes lying on the ground with a smile, and sometimes crying. Pang Juan was cunning by nature, afraid of playing dumb, and was ordered to drag him into the pigsty. Sun Bin appeared in disguise, lying in filth. Pang Juan is still dubious, but the supervision is much looser than before. Sun Bin talks wildly all day, crying or laughing, hanging out with the market during the day, and still belongs to the pigsty at night. A few days later, Pang Juan began to believe his madness.

Later, Chunyu Kun was sent to visit Wei. Caught off guard, Sun Bin spoke as a criminal and touched his emissary. So Chunyu Kun secretly left Wei with Sun Bin and returned to Qi.

Tian Ji won the horse's first attempt.

After the envoys of Qi brought Sun Bin to Qi, they recommended him to General Tian Ji. Appreciate Sun Bin's talent, sympathize with Sun Bin's misfortune, invite him as a guest, be polite and obey his orders. At that time, horse racing was very popular among the royal nobles of Qi State. Tian Ji and Qi Weiwang win less and lose more in horse racing. Bin Sun observed many times at the scene and found that the horses on both sides can be roughly divided into three levels: upper, middle and lower, and the horsepower of each level is similar. So he said to Tian Ji, "I can let the general win the next horse race, so I might as well gamble more." . Tian Ji was very happy and took part in the competition with Qi Weiwang. On the day of the race, Sun Bin gave the frog an idea to use the best horse to race in Qi Weiwang and Ma Zhong. In Qi Weiwang, use China horses to fight against bad horses; Finally, in Qi Weiwang, inferior horses and superior horses are used to compete. Tian Ji suddenly realized that he was following the plan. As a result, Tian Ji made a big bet of two wins and one loss. This is the origin of the story "Frog Race". This short story reveals a very important military law, that is, in the war, we should focus on the overall situation, be good at overall planning, sacrifice local interests and strive for overall victory. If we correctly apply this law, we can focus on the overall situation, take the tactics of winning by surprise, make some concessions, and finally win in an all-round way, so as to achieve the expected goal of defeating the strong with the weak. Because the short story The Art of War contains the core of truth, it has been handed down as a famous story and widely circulated. In addition, the method adopted by Bin Sun in "frog racing" is also considered as the earliest application of "strategy pair theory".

In fact, for Sun Bin, helping Tian Ji win the horse race was just one or two moves, but Tian Ji was more impressed with Sun Bin, so he officially recommended him to Qi Weiwang. When talking with Qi Weiwang about art strategy, Sun Bin spat out what he had learned in life, and they talked very speculatively. Qi Weiwang thought that Sun Bin was a rare military genius, so he immediately worshipped Sun Bin as a strategist. In this way, through horse racing and peace talks, Sun Bin made a blockbuster. He became the leader of the rapid development of the Qi army and began to show his talents in this turbulent stage of the Warring States Period.

Rescuing Zhao Guiling from Wei

In the mid-Warring States period, Wei had developed into a big country in the Central Plains, and its national strength was growing stronger. He has successively captured large areas of land in Qin, Chu, Qi and other countries, coveted Zhao for a long time, and was ambitious to dominate the country. In 354 BC, General Pang Juan was sent to attack Zhao with 80,000 troops and 500 chariots. Wei Jun's invasion soon surrounded Handan, the capital of Zhao, in an attempt to wipe out Zhao in one fell swoop. The defenders in Handan were defeated one after another, and the situation was extremely critical. Zhao Chenghou hurriedly sent for help. Knowing that his lips were dead and his teeth were cold, he promised to save Zhao and planned to worship Sun Bin as a general. Sun Bin remonstrated, saying, "I am the torturer, making the general incompetent and being laughed at by the enemy. Please take Tian Ji as the leader. " Qi Weiwang followed Sun Bin's advice, made Tian Ji a general and Sun Bin a strategist, and made suggestions and led 80,000 Qi troops to attack Wei.

Before sending troops, Tian Ji and Sun Bin studied the operational policy together. Tian Ji thought that he should lead the army to the north of Handan, fight to the death with Wei Jun, and solve the siege of Zhao and Wei. Sun Bin disapproves of this style of play. Judging the situation, the strategy of criticizing Kang, playing politics and encircling Wei to save Zhao was put forward. He said to Tian Ji, "The present situation is like a silk thread entangled in a pile of things. If you want to untie it, don't pull it hard when others are fighting. You want to help, but you can't help but throw yourself into the fight. Now Wei has devoted all his fighting power to this war, leaving only some old, weak and sick people in China. If our country attacks Dewey Daliang with dummy soldiers, occupying its traffic arteries and attacking its empty rear, then Wei Jun's main force must give up attacking Handan and return to Li to save himself. This can not only solve the siege problem, save Zhao, but also seize the opportunity to severely attack Wei Jun when Wei Jun is struggling. Isn't this killing two birds with one stone? " Tian Ji was overjoyed and immediately adopted Sun Bin's plan.

In order to confuse Pang Juan and make him unable to understand the true intentions of the Qi army, Sun Bin said to Tian Ji, "Please ask the general to attack Wei Pingling first. Ping Ling is a small city, but it has a large jurisdiction and a large population. This is a strategic town in Dongyang, which is difficult to occupy. I want to confuse the enemy with hallucinations. If you want to attack Pingling, you must pass through Weicheng Mountain, and my road to food and grass will be blocked by Wei Jun. I want to attack Pingling to show that the enemy does not know the confusion of military aircraft. " So Tian Ji led the troops to the village and went straight to Ping Ling's ear. When the army approached Ping Ling, Tian Ji invited Sun Bin and asked, "What should we do now?" Bin Sun said: "Do you think those who are not familiar with military aircraft are brave people?" Tian Ji didn't understand what he meant and casually replied: "Qi Cheng; Dr. Gao Tang and Dr. Gao Tang Can. "

Sun Bin said: "Please ask the selected Qi Cheng and Gaotang to surround the blockade with their own forces, bypass the blockade from all sides, list the blockade position, and expose the weak parts of the blockade to the blockade of Wei Jun." Tian Ji was even more puzzled. Sun Bin looked at Tian Ji's puzzled expression, and further explained: "Huantu is the place where Wei Jun is stationed. Our forward will attack Ping Ling violently, and the follow-up troops will continue to reinforce; Wei Jun, who is stationed in Huantu, will certainly attack the soft underbelly behind our army, so that Dr. Er will be defeated by Wei Jun. "After listening to Sun Bin's explanation, Tian Ji asked doubtfully," We sent troops to rescue this time, which should be for Hirayama to defend the enemy and enhance the military strength. Why do we deliberately lose to Wei Jun and show weakness? " Sun Bin laughed, but mysteriously said, "The general just follows the plan." Although Tian Ji didn't understand Sun Bin's intention in his heart, he knew Sun Bin's intelligence and didn't ask much, so he went down to decorate. So Tian Ji divided Qi City and Gaotang into two roads and headed for Ping Ling. The soldiers of the Qi army climbed the ladder like ants to attack the guarding city of Wei Jun, and Wei Jun lived around the Zhuo River. They attacked Qi from behind. Two doctors, Hao Cheng and Gao Tang, got lost in the street of the city.

Later, Tian Ji asked Sun Bin, "In the battle of Ping Ling, our army did not win, Qi Cheng and Gaotang all lost, and all the main roads in the city were lost. What should we do next? " Sun Bin said, "Please ask the general to send his car west to Dewey, a suburb of Daliang, to show his injustice. Only a few people were sent behind the car, indicating that our army is weak. " Tian Ji followed the plan.

In addition, when Pang Juan attacked Ping Ling, he saw that the Qi army had been defeated repeatedly. He thought that the fighting capacity of the Qi army was not strong, so he concentrated on further attacking Handan and wanted to capture Handan in one fell swoop. In the fierce battle, Wei Jun suffered heavy losses. Pang Juan made every effort and paid a huge price, and finally conquered Handan, the capital of Zhao in sixteen years. Pang Juan said that he was overjoyed and sent someone to see Wei Huiwang, saying that the Qi army had taken the lead and ordered Pang Juan to send troops to save him. Daliang is the political, economic and cultural center of Wei, and its gains and losses are related to the survival of Wei. Pang Juan has just won Handan, getting carried away. Suddenly I heard that the Qi army had arrived at the girder. He is very angry and anxious. He didn't even care about the army, let alone the fatigue and injuries of the soldiers. He worked day and night, and then went back to rescue Liang Liang.

Pang Juan broke through the trenches and fought day and night with Qi. But he never imagined that the Qi army that attacked the girder was only a part of the Qi army, and its main force had already ambushed in Guiling, waiting for Wei Jun to enter its bag. Pang Juan crossed the Yellow River in a hurry, and just arrived in Guiling, a Qi army with strong fighting capacity came from all directions, and Wei Jun fled everywhere, almost completely annihilated. Pang Juan escaped from the encirclement with only a few beaten army.

This is the famous "turtle age war" in history. The victory of this war fully demonstrated Sun Bin's outstanding military wisdom and talent. Sun Bin's strategy of saving Zhao became a famous example in the history of China's ancient war.

After the Battle of Guiling, he was forced to make peace and returned Handan to Zhao, who survived under the rescue of the Qi army.

Shrink the stove and lure the enemy to ambush Marin [/s2/]

After the Battle of Guiling, Wei Bing was defeated, but his strength was not hurt. He still has the residual influence of ruling the Central Plains for a long time. After a short rest, he regained his vitality. In the second year of the Battle of Guiling in 352 BC, Wei defeated the allied forces of Qi, Song and Wei in Xiangling, and Qi had to make peace with Wei. In 350 BC and 19 BC, Wei attacked Qin, not only recovering lost territory, but also besieging Qin, making it restless and unwilling to eat, forcing it to make peace with Wei. In the 25th year of Zhou Xianwang, Wei Huiwang convened the Okanagan Valley Conference attended by 12 vassal states. After the meeting, they also went together and appeared in front of Zhou. At this time, Wei Huiwang's ambition to dominate the Central Plains began to swell again.

In the twenty-ninth year, in the thirteenth year of the Battle of Guiling, Prince Shen and Pang Juan were sent to attack South Korea on the grounds that South Korea did not attend the meeting that year, in an attempt to destroy South Korea in one fell swoop. Under the strong offensive of Wei Jun, the weak South Korea is in danger. When Wei Jun arrived in Beijing, people were in a panic. He sent someone to arrive overnight and asked for troops to save the country.

After waiting for Wei for a long time, after accepting the emergency in South Korea, he decided to send troops to attack Wei and save South Korea. Qi Xuanwang called ministers to discuss national policies. Zou Ji, the prime minister, believes that it is a blessing for Qi to watch the fire from the other side. Qi itself needs to strengthen governance, and it is best not to send troops to save him. Tian Ji, the general, believed that both the Han and Wei Dynasties were defeated, and the downfall of the Han Dynasty was an inevitable result. Wei's potential has greatly increased, and Qi has been defeated. We can't miss the opportunity to attack Wei. After the two men discussed it, Qi Xuanwang asked Sun Bin: "If the strategist doesn't say a word, will he still be saved?"

Sun Bin said, "Wei is a man who strives for self-improvement. After Zhao surrendered, he began to attack South Korea and never forgot to attack South Korea. " If North Korea is allowed to rule Wei, it will only make Wei stronger and pose a great threat. So it is unwise to abandon Korea and not save it. However, the Qi army must fight for its own interests. If we send troops to save North Korea too early, it will mean that Qi will replace South Korea and North Korea will enjoy security. I will be in danger, and the subject and object will be reversed. This will be a very dangerous and unfavorable national alliance. "Qi Xuanwang listen, nodding. Then he asked, "The strategist is absolutely right. What should I do? Sun Bin said: "Proceeding from the fundamental interests of Qi, we should promise Han to save his heart. Han knew that with reinforcements, he would try his best to resist Wei. If Wei Jun sees North Korea fail, he will attack North Korea with all his might. When the lethality of Wei and the North Korean army is exhausted, we will send troops to attack the tired Wei and save the precarious South Korea. Get twice the result with half the effort. "

I listened to Sun Bin's advice and was very happy. I warmly received the North Korean envoy and promised: "Qi reinforcements will arrive soon." Han Ai Hou Daxi struggled to resist Wei Jun's invasion, but he was weak after all. After five or six battles, the North Korean army was defeated and had to send a special envoy again to ask Qi Xuanwang for quick rescue. Wei Jun suffered certain casualties in the fierce battle, and its strength was weakened. So, taking advantage of Wei's defeat, Qi appointed Tian Ji as the general, Tian Ying as the lieutenant and Sun Bin as the strategist, and attacked Wei with tens of thousands of troops and hundreds of personnel carriers to save North Korea.

Bin Sun believes that "the husband's dispute resolution skill is to attack what he wants to save. Today's plan is to go directly to Dewey's ear! " So, this time, Sun Bin once again adopted the strategy of "besieging Wei to save Zhao" and led the army to the girder. See you on the girder. In view of the painful lesson of Guilin's crushing defeat 13 years ago, Wei Jun was not allowed to play in Hanlian, and was urgently ordered to be transferred back to Wei Jun. Pang Juan ordered the army to leave South Korea and return to Wei. He led a hundred thousand troops to try to fight to the death with the Qi army.

Sun Bin calmly analyzed the situation on both sides, and thought that Wei Jun was well prepared and stronger this time, and took the initiative to meet the fierce Qi Army, so he decided to change his strategy to win. He said to Tian Ji, "A good soldier is guided by potential. He also said that if he was lured to chase the enemy hundreds of miles away, he would lose the general; Chasing 50 miles is bound to lose half a soldier. We must find a solution to this problem. " Tian Ji asked: "How to guide the situation?" Sun Bin said confidently, "The soldiers of Sanjin have always been brave and agile, and their numbers are timid. Based on this, first lead the troops eastward and pretend to be afraid of Wei Jun to lure them. " Tian Ji asked again: "According to the plan of the military adviser, what should I do specifically?" Bin Sun said, "We might as well build 65438+ 10,000 stoves on the first day, reduce them to 50,000 on the second day, and reduce them to 30,000 on the third day." When Wei Jun was chasing troops, he found that the stoves of our army were decreasing day by day. It must be that the Qi army fled after most of the wars, which encouraged his pride, belittled his enemies and lured him to chase hard. His strength will run out and be taken away. "Tian Ji listened to the big, decided to go ahead as planned.

In addition, Pang Juan angrily led the troops back to Wei from North Korea and looked southwest in lightning speed. When I was about to arrive in Daliangcheng, I found that the ice cream retreated and escaped, so I corrected the army and pursued it. Pang Juan was cunning and suspicious by nature, and was afraid of ice cream, so he was very cautious when he began to pursue it. The marching speed is not too fast, and the contact between the two teams is also very harmonious. Later, he was relieved to find that there were fewer and fewer kitchen stoves for making ice cream every day. He thinks Qi Jun is really timid. He heard that Wei Bing ran away without fighting, and more than half of him ran away. His low rust is a godsend shame to Xue Guiling. Pang Juan was so excited that he immediately ordered the infantry to leave one after another. He led the elite cavalry, chasing day and night along the direction of the retreat of the Qi army.

Tian and Sun Bin calmly led the troops to retreat, and at the same time sent many detectives to observe and report the dynamics of Wei Jun at any time. Knowing that Wei Jun had passed Shalu Mountain, Sun Bin counted only one hand and thought that Wei Jun would arrive at Maling at sunset. Marin is steep, with a narrow road sandwiched between two mountains and many trees beside it. This is a good battlefield for ambush and several people. So Sun Bin ordered the Qi army to stop, cut down trees, block roads, set obstacles and ambush, and prepare to panic in the enemy. Sun Bin also specially ordered the soldiers to scrape off the bark of a big tree on the roadside and write eight words on the white trunk with black coal: "Pang Juan died under this tree." Everything is ready, Sun Bin selected ten thousand crossbowmen to ambush on both sides of the mountain road. Then he ordered the archer to say, "When it is dark, shoot at the sight of the torch!" " "

As Sun Bin expected, Pang Juan led Wei Jun to Maling Island at dusk in late October and May. Wei Jun is so tired that he wants to stop and have a rest. At this time, the former army reported that it was difficult to advance because the wooden road was broken. Pang Juan thought that ice cream was afraid of Wei Jun's pursuit, so he set up obstacles and ordered people to move firewood to clear the way. Suddenly, he looked up and saw a vague handwriting on the white wound on the tree. I couldn't read it clearly. Sergeant Pang Juan was ordered to make a fire, and all the soldiers made a fire together. Pang Juan under fire, see very clearly. He was frightened and caught, and he was anxious to retreat. But it's too late. The 10,000 crossbowmen of the Qi army suddenly burst into flames, shouting: Wei army was in chaos, surrounded by the Qi army, unable to resist, with no way to escape and heavy casualties. Pang Juan was hit by several arrows, causing chaos. He knew that he was "defeated by the poor" and could not save the crisis. He looked up at the sky and sighed, "I hate killing this widower, so I became a vertical!" " Sai drew his sword and hanged himself. After Pang Juan's elite troops were completely annihilated, it was frightening for Qi to pursue victory. No one dared to fight, but they all fled. Ten thousand Wei Jun, once mighty, is now littered with corpses and completely annihilated. Shen Du became a prisoner. Wei Jun's heavy armor, heavy armor, weapons, chariots and horses, grain and grass, all together, achieved a strategic decisive battle with the Qi army. This is the famous Battle of Marin in history.

In the Battle of Maling, Sun Bin once again used the tactics of "encircling Wei to save Zhao" flexibly, defeated the enemy, turned the enemy into a friend, ambushed Maling, wiped out Wei Jun in one fell swoop, and won the final victory. The Battle of Maling, like the Battle of Guiling, is a "masterpiece" in Sun Bin's military career and two "wonderful flowers" in the history of China's military war, which fully shows Sun Bin's extraordinary military strategy and excellent command ability. After the Battle of Maling, Wei was badly weakened, and his national strength failed to recover, losing his dominance in the Central Plains. However, Qi defied the governors and took control of the Central Plains. Sun Bin became famous all over the world and realized his ambition in life.