Tell me about Cai Mei.

Recalling Xizhou, folding plum and sending it to Jiangbei.

Single shirt apricot red, double-faced crow young color ③.

Where is Xixi Jiao? The two oars on board can be placed at the ferry pier of the Kau Xizhou Bridge.

Shrike flies at dusk, and the wind blows black mortar (speaking of butter) trees.

Under the tree is the door, and the door is full of green jade.

She opened the door and didn't see her sweetheart. She went out to pick red-violet flowers.

Autumn, autumn Nantang, she is holding a lotus seed, and the lotus grows taller.

Lower your head and get lotus seeds. 6. Lotus seeds are as clear as water.

In the lotus chest sleeve, the lotus plumule is all red.

Miss my husband, but not yet. She looks up at the swan in the sky.

The sky was full of geese, and she went up to the tower to see her husband.

Although the tower is high, she can't see her husband. She leans against the railing all day.

The railing bent and bent into the distance, and her hands were as bright as jade.

The curtain is so high, rippling like sea water, empty and generally dark green.

The dream of the sea is very long, and I am worried about you, too.

If Nanfeng knows how I feel, please blow my dream to Puxi Island.

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To annotate ...

① Xizhou: Place name, not detailed. It is a memorial place for men and women in this article.

2 down: down. Plum blossom season is a moment for men and women to commemorate together in this poem.

(3) Crow cub color: describes that the hair is black and shiny. Little crow, little crow.

Shrike: Songbirds begin to sing in midsummer.

⑤ Jade: Jewelry made of or inlaid with jade.

⑥ Lotus seed: The homonym "Reiko Kobayakawa" means "Love you".

⑦ Lotus Heart: Pun intended "compassion" is the heart of love.

8 all red: it is all red.

Pet-name ruby Wang Feihong: Hope, the meaning of letters, the ancients have a legend of Hongyan passing books.

Attending leisurely: far away. Tianhai is boundless, so it is "leisurely", and Tianhai's "leisurely" is like a dream's "leisurely".

Translation:

I miss plum blossoms, and I really want to go to Xizhou to break them and send them to the north bank of the Yangtze River.

Her thin clothes are as red as apricots, and her hair is as black as a crow.

Where the hell is Xizhou? You can reach the ferry of Xizhou Bridge by shaking the two oars of the boat.

It's getting late, Shrike flies away, and the evening wind blows black tallow.

Her home is under the tree, and her green hair is exposed in the door.

She opened the door, didn't see her sweetheart, and went out to pick red-violet flowers.

In autumn, she picks lotus seeds in Nantang, which grow taller than people's heads.

Bow your head and fiddle with the lotus seeds in the water, as clear as a lake.

Hide lotus seeds in your sleeve, and they will be red to the end.

Miss her husband, but he has not come yet. She looked up at the swan goose in the sky.

The sky in Xizhou is full of geese. She went to the high balcony and looked at Mr. Lang.

Although the balcony is high, she can't see Mr. Lang. She leans against the railing all day.

The railing twisted into the distance, and her hanging hands were as bright as jade.

The sky outside the shutter door is so high, like sea water, rippling with an empty dark green.

As long as the sea is like a dream, I am sad if you are sad.

If Nanfeng knows how I feel, please blow my dream to Xizhou (to see her).

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Make an appreciative comment

First, the mind is cleverly hidden, and the emotions are displayed by actions.

"Fold a plum branch to send it to Jiangbei", and the heroine folds a plum branch, which reminds us of meeting under the plum tree in Xizhou in the past. Because she missed her lover and wanted to go to Xizhou, she put on an apricot-red "light coat" and combed the crow's young hair. Folding, wearing and combing, the movements seem to be random, but they reveal the deep state of mind of spoony women who miss their lovers. From the seventh sentence to the twelfth sentence of the poem, it is written that the girl is immersed in reminiscence and acacia. When the leaves fall in the wind, she mistakenly thinks that her lover's footsteps are "exposed outside the door" and sticks her head out of the door waiting for her lover's arrival. A "Dew" shows eager and shy girlish feelings. But the lover is still gone, and the anxiety in my heart can no longer be suppressed. "If you don't open the door, you can go out and pick red lilies." In order to hide the neighbors' eyes and ears, we have to go out to pick lilies. At this moment, she has mixed feelings: deep thoughts, frustrated mood and embarrassing mentality, all of which flock to her heart. This shy gesture, longing for acacia, and a series of clever cover-up actions are all vividly depicted on the paper. In ordinary movements, the subtle psychology of women and their sincere heart for love are skillfully portrayed.

Second, entrust things to express feelings and express the truth through the scenery.

"I am worried about the bright moon, and I will go to Yelangxi with the wind." (Li Bai) "Looking up at the bright moon, I send my feelings for thousands of miles." These poems are about the moon, and this work is about "plum" and "lotus" to express lovesickness. "Remembering Messi's trip to the continent, folding Mei to send him to the north of the river", folding Mei to express his thoughts, and taking pleasure in the natural scenery. "Lotus", "lotus seed" and "lotus heart" are all red from the outside to the inside. "Lotus Heart" means "compassion", "penetrating red" means penetrating red, meaning sincere and faithful love, pun intended. Looking back at Mandy and looking up at Hong Fei, Hongyan can convey her feelings, but "Hong Fei has traveled all over the western continent", but there is no news, writing about the depth of lovesickness: "The dream of the sea is long", "the sea is long" and "long", which means that lovesickness is endless all year round. In short, poetry is good at expressing emotions with ordinary things in front of us, or expressing ambitions with metaphors, or making puns. Deliberately pour out the truth, which is intriguing.

Third, seasonal changes, clever use of folk words.

You can "fold plums" in early spring, "wear light clothes" at the turn of spring and summer, "shrike flies" in Xia Zhishi, "pick red-violet flowers" in early autumn, "take lotus seeds" in Mid-Autumn and "see Hong Fei" in late autumn. The clever use of rich folk words in the poem shows the change of seasons, which is orderly and gradual. The depth of women's lovesickness is beautifully described between the lines of the poem.

Fourth, continue to win, and skillfully "pick up the words"

There are thirty-two sentences in the whole poem, and four sentences are explained. It is really amazing that the technique of linking words and connecting thimbles is "ingenious" "Shrike flies at dusk, and the wind blows ebony trees. Under the tree, in front of the door and under the door, there are dew and lotus seeds as clear as water. When I miss Mandy, I look up at Hong Fei. The poem "Hong Fei flies all over the West Island, Wang Lang goes to the brothel" is so interlocking that it is full of emotions and feelings, and it is harmonious and beautiful.

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Brief analysis

Xizhou Song is the longest lyric poem among Yuefu folk songs in the Southern Dynasties. The poem describes a girl's bitter yearning for her beloved from early spring to late autumn, from reality to dream, full of rich life breath and distinct emotional color.

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folk culture

Overall grasp

"Xizhou Song" has five words and thirty-two sentences, which is a rare long piece of Yuefu folk songs in the Southern Dynasties. The full text is very delicate, "full of the emotional appeal of Li Manwan's music, with clear pronunciation and mellow voice, which makes people' emotional'." Xizhou Song is one of the most mature and exquisite masterpieces of folk songs in this period.

The first sentence "Mei" evokes a woman's fond memories of playing with her lover in Xizhou, and her thoughts about her lover. Since then, even though time and space have passed, my thoughts have never stopped. Next, several scenes are described: Xizhou Amusement, women's apricot clothes and black sideburns set each other off; Open the door to welcome lang, full of hope and disappointment, and the mood is ups and downs; Go out to pick lotus flowers and express your love and yearning for your lover; Looking up at Lang, leaning against the fence, waiting for him, feeling the south wind, dreaming and expecting to meet his lover. Among them, the change of time and space, the mood is also changeable, sometimes anxious, sometimes warm, sometimes sweet, sometimes melancholy, the whole article is full of words and emotions. [ 1]

There are three points worthy of attention in the art of Western Zhou Qu.

The first is to be good at expressing the thoughts and feelings of characters in the dynamic. For example, the phrase "there is dew under the door" vividly expresses the mood of the characters through actions. The six sentences of "picking lotus in the south pool and autumn in the south" are the essence of the whole article. It focuses on depicting the protagonist's emotional posture with pen and ink, expressing emotions through things, and writing the changes of characters' feelings in a very hierarchical way through three actions: "picking lotus", "making lotus" and "falling lotus". The psychological description of the action is meticulous and touching.

The second is the application and truth of reduplication. In the scene of "opening the door to welcome Lang", the overlapping of the word "door" strengthens the anxiety of women who are eager for their sweetheart to come and look out through the door from time to time. In the scene of "Going Out to Pick Lotus", the seven words "lotus" are used together to deliberately render the lingering feelings of women. And the real use makes the sentence flexible, vivid and catchy.

The third is the use of puns. Pun argot is an obvious feature of Yuefu folk songs in the Southern Dynasties, which is rare in the Book of Songs and Yuefu folk songs in the Han and Wei Dynasties. It is said that "Lian" and "Xi" are homophonic puns, "Xi" means "love", and the argot expresses a woman's love for her lover. At the same time, "lotus seeds are as clear as water" means the purity of feelings, and "lotus hearts are all red" means the intensity of feelings. The use of these puns makes poetry appear implicit and affectionate.

In addition, it is worth mentioning that this poem is known as "difficult to understand", and some researchers call it "Goldbach conjecture" in the literary research of the Southern Dynasties. For example, the narrative perspective of this poem has different interpretations. Most people understand it from the perspective of women, and some people think that "Mei" in "Recalling Mei's Journey to the West" refers to the sweetheart sent by the hero. As the saying goes, poetry has nothing to say, and we can try a variety of new perspectives when interpreting it, thus enriching the connotation of poetry.

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Debate on textual research

This poem "Xizhou Qu" was classified as "Zaqu" in the Yuefu poems compiled by Guo Maoqian, and was considered as "ancient music". New Ode to Yutai was written by Jiang Yan, but it was not published in Song Dynasty. The Selected Poems compiled by people in Ming and Qing Dynasties are either The Golden Ci or considered to be written by Liang Wudi ZSZSZSZ. It is difficult to draw a conclusion on this issue at present. However, in terms of content and style, it is a folk song of the Southern Dynasties, refined and beautiful, and widely read by future generations.

This poem takes four sentences as a section, which is basically four sentences with one rhyme change. Each section is connected by the conjunction method commonly used in folk songs, with beautiful timbre and swaying voice. Shen Deqian said in the source of ancient poetry that it "continues to grow together, connected with calyx, swaying endlessly, showing its artistic characteristics". However, how to correctly understand the content of this poem has long been a controversial issue in academic circles, and there is no unified view so far.

Indeed, this poem is mainly about a young girl, depicting her warm and subtle feelings of missing her lover. However, it is not written in the first person's self-reported tone of the girl, nor is it an objective description of the poet's third person, but in the way of "memory", so the whole poem is written in the tone of male narration. Later, in Du Fu's Moonlit Night, the poet misses his wife for the moon, but assumes that his wife misses herself for the moon, which is exactly the same technique. Through the description of her various situations, she vividly created a beautiful, light, pure and affectionate girl image. This is the general idea of the whole poem in artistic conception; If you don't understand it this way, it will become more and more chaotic, and eventually it will become a mess, which will make people read mysteriously and create an impression that they can't understand.

Xizhou Song is the longest lyric poem among Yuefu folk songs in the Southern Dynasties. The poem describes a girl's bitter yearning for her beloved from early spring to late autumn, from reality to dream, full of rich life breath and distinct emotional color. Showing distinctive national characteristics and skillful expression skills.

There are thirty-two sentences in the whole poem, and four sentences are explained. They are interconnected in a continuous manner. "Shrike flies at dusk, and the wind blows ebony trees. Under the tree, in front of the door and under the door, there are dew and lotus seeds as clear as water. When I miss Mandy, I look up at Hong Fei. The poem "Hong Fei flies all over the West Island, Wang Lang goes to the brothel" is so interlocking that it is full of emotions and feelings, and it is harmonious and beautiful.

The skill of the whole poem is really amazing.

Xizhou Qu, which was first recorded in Xu Ling's New Yutai Fu, has always been regarded as the representative work of Yuefu folk songs in the Southern Dynasties. Shen Deqian called it "endless life, endless calyx connection, endless swaying, and more affectionate" (The Source of Ancient Poems, Volume XII), while Chen Ruoming called it "the swan song of affection" (Selected Ancient Poems from Caijitang), and its artistic charm is beyond doubt. However, unlike the general Yuefu folk songs in the Southern Dynasties, the songs of the Western Zhou Dynasty are extremely difficult to understand, and researchers even call them Goldbach conjecture in the literary research of the Southern Dynasties (see Chen Zhiming's Poem Appreciation Collection of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties). The language of Xizhouqu is just like fresh and simple folk songs, so its difficulty lies not in the uncommon and obscure words, but in the fact that the poetic quality of the whole poem is difficult to be interpreted smoothly. The reason for this is that the time, place, characters and plots involved in poetry are obscure, and it is difficult to get a consistent explanation. Perhaps because of this, "some people say that this poem is a combination of several short chapters, and the content may not be complete and unified" (Yu Guanying's Talk about the Western Zhou Dynasty). But as Mr. Yu said, "I don't believe this, because the poem mentions' Xizhou' at the beginning and end, and it repeatedly mentions' Xizhou' in the middle. It is clear that the beginning and the end can be penetrated. The whole article must be a whole and must tell a story related to the Western Zhou Dynasty. " (ditto) It can be said that if Xizhou Qu is not a whole, then the so-called Xizhou Qu marks the highest achievement in the development of folk song art in the Southern Dynasties (You Guoen and other editors edited the History of China Literature), which is out of the question. Therefore, it is directly related to the evaluation of its position in the history of literature whether it can be interpreted completely and smoothly. It is also on this issue that the "conjecture" of the famous poem Xizhou Qu is far from complete, not just the problem of "inaccurate poetry".

Mr. Yu Guanying said in the annotation of Xizhou Song:

This poem is about a woman's thoughts and happy memories. At first, she said that she remembered Luo Mei's unforgettable scene in Xizhou, so she sent a plum blossom to Huanhuan in Jiangbei to arouse his same memories. Here, she wrote down her lovesickness from spring to autumn and from morning till night. There are many phrases indicating seasons in the poem, such as "folding plums" means early spring, "single shirt" means the turn of spring and summer, "picking red lotus" should be in June, "autumn in Nantang" should be early autumn (because there are "lotus flowers on people's heads"), "picking lotus seeds" has been in August, and "flying all over the west continent" is a scene of late autumn. (Selected Poems of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, Volume III)

This classic explanation is at least to solve three problems: first, this poem is a song of an affectionate woman's yearning for her lover. Mr. You Guoen once thought that from the beginning to the sentence "The sea shakes green" in Xizhou Qu, every sentence is a man's tone, and only the last four sentences are a woman's thoughts. Mr. Ye Yuhua, on the other hand, thinks that all the poems are women's tunes (see Yu Guanying's Essay on Ancient Literature and Western Zhou Opera). Mr. Yu Guanying believes that "this poem is about a woman's thoughts and happy memories of her", but thinks that "the last four sentences are of course a woman's tone, but the above four sentences might as well be described by a third party" (ibid.), which can be said to solve this problem, and the researchers will not doubt it. Secondly, the woman in the poem lives in Jiangnan, while her lover lives in Jiangbei, and Xizhou is the place where they commemorate each other. Mr. Yu said: "Xizhou is certainly not the place where the woman in the poem lives now, nor is it the place where the man lives now. This is another place. ..... Why is it a veritable mainland in the river? " Thirdly, this poem is about "Acacia in Four Seasons".

Obviously, the above three questions are the key to understanding the Western Zhou Qu. If we say that the first question is no longer a problem, the researchers have gained * * * * knowledge; Then, although few people doubt the latter two questions, the author feels that there is still a gap in the whole poem. First of all, there is no problem that women live in Jiangnan and lovers live in Jiangbei. But what is the relationship between Xizhou and Jiangnan and Jiangbei? Generally speaking, according to the poem "Where is Xizhou, two oars cross the bridge", it is considered that Xizhou is not far from where women live, or in the south of the Yangtze River, or not far from Jiang Nanan, and two oars can cross it. Then, it is far away from Jiangbei. However, at the end of the poem, he wrote: "The south wind knows what I want and dreams of Xizhou." These two sentences have been passed down through the ages because of their novelty and infinite feelings; It is clearly the woman's longing for her lover. If Xizhou is not far from where women live, what is the need to "dream"? Secondly, as Mr. Yu Guanying said, "This poem seems to be a combination of several quatrains on the surface, but it is actually two sentences." (ditto) the so-called "two sentences and one section" is precisely from the poetic point of view; The so-called "endless, even calyx" just shows that the whole poem is poetic, complete, unified and seamless. Writing "Four Seasons Acacia" in the form of "two sentences and one paragraph" is not only rare, but also likely to undermine the integrity and unity of poetry. Poetry is a woman's thoughts and actions, especially her series of actions. How can this series of actions be written into four seasons? For example, from opening the door to looking for lang to going out to pick lotus, from picking lotus in Nantang to making lotus with head down, this is obviously a series of coherent actions of this woman. How can you spread it over several months? Modern film and television art has the so-called "montage" artistic technique. Through the stitching and combination of lenses, it can span the connection for a long time and produce a coherent effect. However, the omitted time must also be reflected by the results. Coherence is only the coherence of the effect, and a continuous action must not span a long time. Therefore, if "Xizhou Song" is written about "Acacia of Four Seasons", it is quite difficult to understand in modern art, not to mention it was written more than 1000 years ago. But the last sentence said that Nanfeng knew what I wanted and dreamed of Xizhou. I think it can also be understood that this poem describes a person's dream, so it is not difficult to understand the chaotic image of the four seasons in the poem.

The above two issues are closely related. If the place involved in a poem is inaccurate or misunderstood, it is difficult to really understand the time involved. The obscurity of these two questions makes the whole poem difficult to be coherent, and many explanations are difficult to be consistent. In fact, the last four sentences of the poem say that women have no objection to their own ways, while "the south wind knows what I want and dreams of Xizhou" clearly indicates that Xizhou is the place where this woman's lover lives, and it is in Jiangbei. Only in this way can we truly grasp the poetry of "the south wind blows dreams". Fan Yun's poem "Boudoir Thinking" contains the phrase "A few nights, flying dreams to the Langbian", and Li Bai's poem "My heart is full of worries about the bright moon, and I will go with the wind to the night Langxi" contains the phrase "Xizhou Song". Their poetic understanding of "dreams from the south wind" just shows that Xizhou can only be the place where lovers live. The article "Xizhou Qu" says that "Xizhou has a good scenery and looks at Wuchang Tower from a distance." Wuchang is on the south bank of the Yangtze River, and Xizhou may be in Jiangbei. "Going out to pick red-violet. The phrase' autumn lotus picking in Nantang' shows that the woman in the poem is not far from Nantang. " "New Tang Book Geography" said: "Zhong Ling, renamed Zhenyuan Middle School, has East Lake in the south of the county. In the third year of Yuanhe, Dan Wei, the secretariat, opened a bucket door in Nantang to save the river and open a pond to irrigate the fields. Geng Kun's "Spring is a matter of Hongzhou" also said: "The spring is good in Zhong Ling, and the spring water is full of Nantang. "Therefore, Nantang is near Zhong Ling, which is near Nanchang, Jiangxi today. So the woman in the poem lives near Nanchang, far from Xizhou; The so-called "south wind" and "blowing dreams" are also based on this. To borrow Mr. Yu Guanying's words: "Jiangbei is not necessarily near! If it were nearby, there wouldn't be so many dreams and sorrows, and there wouldn't be this poem. "The author believes that Xizhou is north of the Yangtze River, and the so-called' Jiangbei' in Xizhou Qu also refers to Xizhou.

If the position of poetry is determined, it will be easier to relate poetry. The first two sentences, "Remember the plum blossom in Xizhou, fold the plum blossom and send it to Jiangbei", are not about the plum blossom in Xizhou, nor are they about women folding the plum blossom. "Down", to also. The article "Xizhou Qu" says: "I used to go to Xizhou." "Down" means "to". The folk song Nahetan in the Southern Dynasties also said: "Huan Wen went down to Yangzhou and sent it to Jiangjin Bay in Yangzhou." Its meaning is clear. But "recalling plum blossoms to Xizhou" is not that the woman is going to Xizhou to fold plum blossoms, but that the plum blossoms she sent may have arrived in Xizhou and reached her lover. "Folding Mei to Jiangbei" is a supplementary explanation of "recalling Mei to Xidao", or the first two sentences are inverted sentences. "Folding plums" is our past practice, and "recalling plums" is our current idea. Only in this way can we understand the seasons written below. As mentioned above, it is difficult to call this poem "Acacia of the Four Seasons", not only because it is poetic, but also because the so-called words expressing the four seasons in the poem are not. If the word "single shirt" means the turn of spring and summer or spring, can "single shirt" wear more than spring? Relatively speaking, "apricot red (yellow)" and "crow young color" refer to the color of "single shirt", not the season. For example, "Sunset Shrike flies" means summer, which is even more interesting. There is a saying in the Book of Rites and the Moon Order, "Midsummer? The first poem "Poetic Style in July" and "Song of July"? Sentence, "?" That's the shrike; However, obviously, the "first sound" of the shrike and the "shrike flying" are not the same thing. Therefore, there is no need to "guess" the seasons involved in "Xizhou Qu", and it has been clearly put forward that "Nanchi picks lotus autumn"; As for the lotus picking season, it is not surprising that there are "lotus flowers over the head", and there is no need to divide them into early autumn, Mid-Autumn Festival and late autumn. So autumn is the seasonal background of Xizhou Song. "The autumn dew is like a pearl, the autumn moon is like a laurel, the moon is the Millennium, and time passes; In autumn, the woman remembered that she had sent plum blossoms, so she had some hope. First, I said, "I think of Xizhou, Xia Mei", and then added, "I have sent Meibei to Jiangbei", which shows that the urgency of the mood and profound thoughts are very suitable for women's mentality at this time. In fact, recalling the event of giving plums is just an introduction and the beginning of continuing thinking.

After writing the thoughts of women in Xizhou, the poem describes the women's dress and beautiful appearance, that is, "single shirt apricot red (yellow), double temples crow chicks", which can be said to be a nuanced psychological description or foil. Originally, the explanation of "where is Xizhou" was only logical. But the heroine not only remembered her lover, but also remembered that she had sent plums to Jiangbei, so she had some hope that her lover might come back. The so-called "opening the door" below just shows the existence of this hope. It is because of this hope that after thinking about her lover, she immediately noticed her costume and appearance. As the saying goes, "a woman likes herself." What if her lover stands outside the door? So these two sentences are a wonderful portrayal of the female host's psychological activities at this time, not just a simple explanation of her costume. "Where is Xizhou? The phrase "two oars crossing the bridge" not only shows the position of Xizhou, but also shows the woman's concern for it; The reason why it is so fascinating is precisely because this is the location of lovers. The so-called "two oars crossing the bridge" is generally interpreted as rowing two oars to get there, which is very close. Actually, this is a misunderstanding. There are two paragraphs of "Mochow Music" in the folk song "Western Songs" in the Southern Dynasties. One of them said, "Where is Mochow? Mochou Shicheng West. The boat paddled two oars and rushed to Mochow. "The so-called' two oars' refers to the two oars of the ship; In the Western Zhou Dynasty, it refers to the ship. It means that if you want to go to Xizhou, you need to cross the river by boat, which means Xizhou is in Jiangbei. The above six sentences depict the image of a woman sitting in love with acacia, not a woman who went to Xizhou to pick plums by boat. This understanding is only related to the following.

"At dusk, shrike flies and the wind blows ebony trees" is a description of the heroine's living environment. The ancient micro-book said, "Bo Rao is so lonely." So the description of the environment here is also a symbol, showing the loneliness and sadness of this woman. "Under the tree in front of the door, the door is full of jade", then the image of a woman sitting in love with acacia is directly presented. As mentioned above, it is reasonable to expect Lang's return, but it is not realistic. Open the door, you can't reach Lang, which not only describes the harshness of reality, but also implies the heroine's hope. Acacia is hopeless, so "going out to pick red lotus" sends endless acacia. However, since I "go out" with yearning, the feeling of lovesickness is doomed to be not only difficult to get rid of, but aggravated by picking lotus. The following detailed description of the plot of picking lotus reflects this situation. Researchers have long pointed out that "lotus" and "pity" are homophonic puns, so the "lotus seed" as green as water is a symbol of the heroine's pure love. It is no wonder that she is so loving and put in the lotus arms. "Lotus Heart is All Red" can be said to be a symbol of their love. In this case, the woman's desire for Langgui is even more urgent, so that "I can't remember Mandy, but I looked up at Hong Fei". The description of the heroine's longing for Hong Fei in the poem is vivid and vivid, with a long lasting appeal. "Hope" is not only a helpless natural action, but also a purposeful hope-looking forward to Lang's arrival and a letter, the so-called "Hongyan delivers a book". However, there is no letter. The so-called "flying over the western continent" below is not that the heroine saw geese flying over the western continent, but a guess. It means autumn, "Hong Fei should be full of Xizhou", and everyone says "Hongyan delivers books". Why haven't you heard from me? It is with this confused mood that this woman "looks up to the brothel". "Brothel", a building painted blue, had different meanings in the Southern Dynasties. Cao Zhi's "Beauty" cloud; "Brothel is short-cut, and the high gate is closed." Then "brothel" refers to the boudoir of aristocratic families. "Postscript to the East Soul of South Shu Qi" says: "The sai-jo painted blue paint on the starlight building, which the world called a brothel." Then "brothel" refers to the residence of the emperor. Liu Miao, a poet in the Liang Dynasty, wrote in Poems of Mulberry Pickers in Wanshan: "It is exhausted to worry about worshipping concubines." "Brothel" refers to a brothel. The sentence "Looking at Lang to the brothel" shows that the Western Zhou Dynasty music has the color of literati poetry. Although the brothel is high, it is still invisible and unwilling to see it, so there is the persistence of "railing all day long". The so-called "perfect day" is a kind of rhetoric, which means staring at the time instead of standing all day. If you look at the railing for a long time, you will naturally notice things that you don't usually pay attention to; The so-called "twelve songs on the railing, hands hanging like jade" is in sharp contrast with the above two sentences "single shirt" "The young color of the sideburns crow" also shows confidence and hope, while "hanging like jade" shows sadness and resentment, because at this time,

It's empty. "He lowered his hands like jade." I hope Xiaomin will never come back! The description of this psychological activity is sketchy, even "silent", but nuanced, it can be described as "romantic", which embodies the unique charm of China's ancient poems. The second sentence of "railing" describes the heroine's careful and casual attention to the close-up, while the second sentence of "The sky is high with the shutter and the sea is shaking green" is an observation of the present future. Mr. Yu Guanying said, "The above two sentences seem to be upside down. The blue sky in autumn is like the sea. When the wind blows the curtains, it feels like seawater to see the sky through the curtains. Speaking of mainlanders calling the river the sea,' seawater' refers to the river. " (Selected Poems of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, Volume III) In the novel White Light, Mr. Lu Xun described it like this: "The sky is as blue as the sea ..." Its environment is like "the sky is as blue as the sea in autumn". However, judging from the following sentence, "sea water dreams long", "sea water" seems to have a real meaning, not just a metaphor. "Sea water" refers not so much to river water as to lake water. This is not only because many lakes in the mainland are called the sea, but also because the geography of the New Tang Dynasty cited above points out that there is an "East Lake" near Nantang.

At this point in the poem, the heroine hopes that Jun Jun won't come back. When the books don't arrive, her mood falls into endless worries. "The dream of the sea is long, and you are worried about me." She not only worries about herself, but also thinks that her lover will be full of sadness. Their troubles are like blue sky and lakes, endless and lingering. At this point, there is only the hope of meeting in a dream. "The south wind knows what I want and dreams of Xizhou" is imagination and hope; This kind of imagination and hope is not only reasonable, but also what we have to do, and it is novel, delicious, vivid and touching. It is because the heroine has experienced a series of activities since "Dusk", such as picking lotus in Nantang and looking for lang to climb the stairs. At this point, it's getting late, and she must go to bed, hoping to meet in a dream is the only hope left; It involves novelty, because she doesn't want to dream of her lover as usual, but turns to Nanfeng for help, asking Nanfeng to blow her dream to Xizhou and bring it to her lover. This subtle, delicate and euphemistic expression embodies the artistic characteristics and unique artistic style of southern folk songs in a concentrated and typical way.

To sum up, "Xizhou Qu" is a work that pays attention to Xizhou and misses Lang Jun. There are only two places involved, one is Xizhou where Lang Jun is located, and the other is near Nantang where the woman is located. One is in Jiangbei and the other is in Jiangnan, which are far apart. Among them, the characters are women and the lovers are behind the scenes; The whole poem can be regarded as written by a woman in the third person, or in a woman's own way, or in a woman's own way and a third person narrative, but obviously there is no man's voice and description. The time of this poem is not to write four seasons, nor to write three seasons of spring, summer and autumn, but to write autumn; Moreover, it only describes what the heroine thinks and does from an autumn afternoon to dark. These, in fact, can be summed up in one point, that is, the woman's acacia. "Xizhou Song" can be described as the "love swan song" in the history of China's poetry.