Excellent teaching design of "Preface to the Lanting Collection"

This article is the first text in the Classical Chinese unit of High School Compulsory Course 2 published by the People's Education Press. It and the following two classical Chinese articles are both travel notes and reasoning articles. "The Preface to the Collection of Orchid Pavilion" narrates the beautiful scenery of Orchid Pavilion and expresses the emotion of life. The description of the scenery is natural and interesting, and the reasoning is profound and far-reaching. The following is an excellent teaching design for "The Preface to the Lanting Collection" that I have compiled for you. Welcome to refer to it~

1. Teaching objectives

1. Understand the writing characteristics of the preface, and master the "revision and period" The ambiguity of classical Chinese words such as ", zhi, so, pitch" has accumulated the phenomena of using parts of speech and several special sentence patterns in the text.

2. Clear the meaning of the text, clarify the idea structure of the article, and improve classical Chinese reading ability.

3. Appreciate the short, beautiful, simple and fresh language in the article.

4. Through meaning reading, emotional reading, and aesthetic reading, deeply understand the content of the article and understand the author’s thoughts and emotions contained in the article.

2. Teaching Focus and Difficulties

1. Understand the writing characteristics of prefaces, master the ambiguity of classical Chinese words such as "xiu, period, zhi, so, pitch", and accumulate the meaning of the text. Phenomenon of conjugating parts of speech and special sentence patterns.

2. Through meaning reading, emotional reading, and aesthetic reading, deeply understand the content of the article and understand the author’s thoughts and emotions contained in the article.

3. Recommended bibliography

Celebrities in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, such as the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest, the Wang Xie Family, and the Tao Ling of Taoyuan, they like drinking and do not care about worldly affairs. They often "hold a cup to win. "Yuan Zhuang Lao", "taking simplicity as economy", and taking seclusion as a higher philosophical view, thus creating the legendary "Lanting Preface" and the "Wei and Jin Dynasties style". As a result, casual conversation, medicine and wine gradually became popular in Wei and Jin society. This popularity was actually a kind of cultural personality popularity. Do you want to know the reason? Then read Lu Xun's famous article "The Relationship between Style and Literature, Medicine and Wine in the Wei and Jin Dynasties".

4. Text Teaching

(1) Introduction to the author, preface, and cultural knowledge. (Multimedia delivery)

1. Author.

Wang Xizhi (303-361), whose courtesy name was Yi Shao and whose nickname was Dan (dàn) Zhai. He was an official to the general of the Right Army and an internal historian of Kuaiji. He was a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and was revered as the "Sage of Calligraphy" by later generations. Because he served as a general of the Youjun Army, he was known as "Wang Youjun" and "Wang Kuaiji" in the world.

2. Preface: Also known as "preface", "preface" and "introduction", it is an article placed before the main text of the work. The preface written by the author himself is called "self-preface", and the content explains the purpose of writing the book and the process of writing the book; the preface written by someone else is called "preface", and the content mainly introduces and comments on the ideological content and artistic features of the book.

In ancient times, there were "Prefaces to Gifts", which were words of farewell and farewell. The contents were mostly words of praise, praise or encouragement for the relatives and friends of the gift. For example, Song Lian's "Preface to the Gift of Ma Sheng in Dongyang" was written by the author. A preface to the younger generation from the same hometown; there is also a "poem preface", which is a preface written in front of the poem. It often explains the content of the story being chanted or the origin of the poem, such as the paragraph before the "Peacock Flies Southeast" by Han Yuefu sequence.

There is another kind of preface, which is different in nature from the gift preface and is not written specifically for poetry. Instead, it mainly records the scenes of grand gatherings and the joy of banquets. This type of preface is called "preface to the banquet collection". Or "Feast and Tour Order". Ancient celebrities often held banquets to invite friends to gather together in their spare time, and wrote poems together. After the poem was completed, one person was recommended to write the preface, as was the case with Wang Xizhi's "Preface to the Lanting Collection".

3. Cultural common sense.

(1) Calculation of stems and branches.

The stem and branch chronology is an ancient Chinese chronology. That is, the ten heavenly stems (A, Yi, Bing, Ding, Wu, Ji, Geng, Xin, Ren, Gui) and the twelve earthly branches (Zi, Chou, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, Hai) are combined in order to record the year. For example, Jiazi, Yichou, etc. returned to Jiazi after sixty years. The cycle starts over and over again. This method is still used today. In the text, "Gui Chou" means "the age of the year is in Guichou", that is, the heavenly stems are "Gui" and the earthly branches are "Chou".

Other ancient dating methods: ① Prince dating method (the 16th year of King Zhao Huiwen) ② Emperor year naming method (spring of the fourth year of Qingli) ③ The combination of stems and branches of the year name (the autumn day of Tianqi Renxu).

(2) Repair evil.

An ancient custom is to offer sacrifices near water to eliminate bad luck. The time is chosen on the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar. The practice of cultivating evil spirits is a legacy of the Yin and Zhou dynasties. "Zhou Li·Chun Guan": "When the witch is in her palm, she can get rid of provocations and customs." Directed by the witch, it takes a bath in March to ward off disasters and pray for blessings. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Etiquette Chronicles" says: "At the end of the month, the officials and the people were all clean on the east flowing water. It was said to wash and purify, remove the old dirt, and become a great clean." To remove the old dirt is to get rid of old diseases.

"The Preface to the Lanting Collection" contains the following:

On March 3, the ninth year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wang Xizhi, Xie An, Sun Chuo and other 42 literati, bachelors and celebrities came to the The Orchid Pavilion in Shanyin, Zhejiang Province serves as a gathering for "repairing evil spirits". Everyone sat separately beside the meandering stream, filled their goblets with wine, and placed it on the water. Drinking wine and writing poetry is a great event.

(2) Import the text.

When it comes to Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, his calligraphy is the first to be praised. Please enjoy the "Preface to the Lanting Collection" (projection display). What do the students think after reading it? People in the Eastern Jin Dynasty commented on Wang Xizhi's calligraphy strokes as "floating like clouds, as powerful as a startling dragon", which means as elegant as floating clouds and as vigorous as a startling dragon. This "Preface to the Lanting Collection" is not only a masterpiece of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy art, but also an excellent work of ancient Chinese prose. It has 324 words in total, beautiful diction, concise and concise. It can be said that "the luster of the pen and ink and the connotation of the literary talent are flying together"! The following is Let's study together and appreciate this ancient text.

(3) Word arrangement.

1. Trial reading, correct pronunciation.

Sentiment is (xì) Orchestra (xián) Clear current (tuān) Ruoheyiqi (qì) Linwen lament (jiē dào)

2. Read it roughly and explain the words and sentences.

(1) Explain the meaning of the following polysemy words.

① 1: A. One cup and one chant are enough to express the secret love. 1: On one side... on the other side...

B. Every time I feel the reasons for the interest of the past, it seems to be in harmony. 1: Together

C. The reason why we are happy and happy is that we are united. 1: Same

D. I firmly believe that life and death are illusory. 1: Treat it as the same

②Collection: A. Preface to Lanting Collection. Collection: Collection of Poems

B. All the virtuous people have come to an end, and the young and old have gathered together. Ji: to gather

③So: A. So you can wander your eyes and be happy. So: Use it to...

B. So you are happy and happy, which is the same. Therefore: the reason for...

(2) Flexible use of parts of speech.

① Clear and rapid water. (The adjective is used as a noun, rushing water)

　②It is called flowing water. (The use of verbs to make...flow)

　③One cup and one chant. (noun as verb, drink)

④ Therefore, we know that life and death are empty. (In the conative usage of numerals, treat... as the same).

⑤Qi Pengshang acted recklessly. (The conative usage of adjectives, regard... as equal)

(3) Classical Chinese sentence patterns.

①Death and life are also big things. (Judgement sentence)

② (Everyone) gathered at the Orchid Pavilion in Shanyin, Kuaiji. (Subject omitted sentence, adverbial postposition sentence)

③ Wuyan (lives) in a room, or wanders (outside) the body because of the entrustment. (preposition omitted sentence)

④Cannot be described in one's mind. (postposition of prepositional structure)

(4) Understanding of textual meaning.

Read the full text, clarify the content levels, find words that reflect the author's feelings at each level, and summarize the key points of the levels.

Clearly: The first level (first and second natural paragraphs): describe the grand occasion of the banquet - music.

The second level (the third natural paragraph): express the feelings of life after the banquet - pain.

The third level (the 4th natural paragraph): Explain the purpose of the preface - sadness.

(5) Language analysis.

1. Find the sentences describing the scenery in paragraphs 1 and 2 and appreciate their beauty.

① This place has high mountains, lush forests and bamboos, and clear and rapid streams, reflecting the surroundings. ②It is a sunny day, the air is clear, and the wind is gentle and gentle.

The scenery is "beautiful". The line drawing technique is used to show the majestic majesty and deep tranquility of the mountains and forests here. The clean and clear streams and the rapid water with flying flowers and jade give the place a spirit of beauty. The sound of water is gentle, the sky is clear, the breeze is blowing on the face, things and I are assimilated, and people's minds will become bright and refreshing. It’s a joy to believe!

2. “The joy of looking up and down has become an old trace, but I still have to be excited about it. If it is short-lived, it will change, and it will eventually end.” This sentence expresses What kind of feelings about life do you have?

People have different personalities and different ideals, but they will all be intoxicated with temporary happiness and pursue temporary satisfaction. However, time passes unknowingly, times change, and the good happiness of the past has become a thing of the past and cannot be kept by you and me forever. The author here laments that joy is limited and life is short.

3. "Knowing that one death and rebirth is an illusion, and Qi Peng's death is an illusion" expresses what kind of view of life and death the author has?

The author believes that although human life can only be left to one's own will Creation, but life is life, you can enjoy the good things while alive, death is death, everything is nothing after death, living and dying are major events in life, and the two cannot be equated. It implies that you should do practical things during your lifetime and should not talk about mystical principles.

★Which sentences in the article do you think can move you? Please write down your understanding and bring it to class to communicate with your classmates. For example: "It is thought that the wine is flowing in the flowing water, and the people sit next to each other. Although there is no flourish of silk and bamboo orchestral music, one wine cup and one chant are enough to express the secret love." There are very few adjectives, but all the important details of the banquet are written out, and it also expresses the elegance of the participants.

For example: "Emotions are related to things, and emotions are the same." It expresses the common feelings of people throughout the ages: when recalling the past, even though the emotions have changed, emotions of one kind or another are inevitable.

Another example: "Linwen Mourning" describes the common experience that many people have when reading ancient articles, that is, they resonate with the author emotionally.

5. Classroom exploration

(1) Exploration of key points and difficulties.

The teaching here focuses on guiding students to conduct exploratory learning based on "emotional reading". For example: ① Pay attention to the rhythm when reading aloud. Image: Meeting at the Orchid Pavilion in Shanyin, Kuaiji. This place /has/ high mountains and ridges. Look up at the vastness of the universe, and look down at the prosperity of categories.

Guzhi/one/death/life/act/is false, Qi/Peng Shang/acts/acts rashly. ②Read aloud and pay attention to emotional changes. For example: from "the ninth year of Yonghe" to "the matter of repairing evil", the narration is smooth and can be read in a soothing tone; to "all the talents have arrived, and the young and old have gathered together", the rhythm is brighter; the third paragraph expresses worries about life. It is a happy view, so it should be read in a gentle and low tone, and "big" and "pain" should be emphasized in a sighing tone; in the fourth paragraph, a critical tone should be read, and "sadness" should be spoken slowly and emphasized.

1. Reading the first and second natural paragraphs of the article, research: The author said that "it is fun to believe". Where does "joy" come from?

Student: The reason for happiness "'The beginning of late spring', 'The sky is clear, the air is clear, and the wind is gentle and gentle'". It comes from "high mountains, lush forests and bamboos, and clear and rapid rapids, reflecting the left and right". "Collection" comes from "'Take it as a flowing cup of water, sit next to it', 'One cup and one chant are enough to talk about the quiet feelings'", from "Looking up at the vastness of the universe, looking down at the prosperity of categories, so you can swim "The eyes are full of emotions, enough for the ultimate visual and auditory entertainment."

Teacher: (First praise the above statement, and then analyze further on this basis) Wang Shifu's "The Romance of the West Chamber" sang: "What is the sky for good times and beautiful scenery? Whose home is the pleasure?" This shows that there are "four" in life. "Beauty" (the four beautiful things): good times, beautiful scenery, enjoyment, and pleasure. It is precisely because of these "four beauties" that the author "believes and is happy".

2. Students read the third paragraph of the article according to the "Emotional Reading Guide" and explore: The author said "Isn't it painful", so why did he "pain"?

Clearly: The previous article about the joy of banquets is to serve and pave the way for the discussion in this paragraph and the next paragraph. The author associates the joy of the banquet with two different living conditions of people. Some people are quiet, talk about mysteries and enlightenment, "enlightenment within a room", and some people are impetuous, "outside the world". Although their personalities and behaviors are very different, they will all be intoxicated with temporary happiness and pursue temporary satisfaction "when they are happy with what they encounter, what they get for themselves temporarily, and they are happy and self-sufficient." However, time has passed unknowingly, "I don't know that old age is coming", and "love changes with things", the beauty of the past has become a relic, and people cannot keep the beauty forever. Thinking of this, the author is "sentimental": Life is really full of joy, but life is short! Moreover, the length of life, its existence and destruction, cannot be controlled subjectively, it depends on the creation of nature. Because of this, the author lamented, "Isn't it painful?" Therefore, "pain" was born.

3. Students read paragraph 4 emotionally and explore: The author of this paragraph reveals "sadness". Is "sadness" the same as "pain"? Why is the author "sad"? "What about?

Clear: different. The author's "sadness" is closely related to his outlook on life. Buddhists and Taoists always "death and rebirth" and "qi Pengshang", and regard life and death as very nihilistic and detached, but "we", the scholar-bureaucrats who "contribute to the world", should cherish life and realize our ambitions. Because of this, the author believes that the outlook on life of "one life and one death" and "Qi Peng Shang" is hypocritical and ridiculous. Therefore, I "sorrow" the ancients every time I see the reasons for their interest. The author also "sad" future generations, " Later generations will look at the present, and they will look at the past from the present." Later generations will read "my" articles just as "I" read the articles of the ancients. The "sorrow" here is different from the "pain" in the previous paragraph, but a rational reflection on individual pain, a more profound emotion of feeling sorry for others.

(2) Expand research.

People think that this article contains positive emotions in a low mood. Do you agree and can you explain the reasons?

Tips: In paragraphs 1 and 2, the author’s response to this article is The description of the gathering environment is simple and elegant, capturing its charm: the sky is clear and the air is clear, and the wind is gentle and smooth. These show the author's happy temperament and love for natural beauty.

In the third natural paragraph, although the author laments the fleeting time and the short life, there is an implicit attachment and love for life between the lines.

In the fourth natural paragraph, the author describes the ancients, present and future generations, and laments the impermanence of life. At the same time, he criticizes Zhuang Zhou's nihilism of "life and death" and "Qi Peng Shang". This is also Can be seen as positive.

6. Class Summary

"The dead are like this, and they don't give up day and night." "He who hears the Tao in the morning can die at night." The issue of life and death has always been a key concern in literature and philosophy. In the "Preface to the Lanting Collection", the great calligrapher Wang Xizhi left us with his thoughts on his persistent exploration of the philosophy of life in fresh, simple and beautiful language. The article exclaims: "Death and life are big things, isn't it painful?" It embodies his deep awareness of life's worries and profound insight into the limitations of life.

Therefore, I got the joy of life from nature, and felt the sadness of the passing of the beauty that "has become obsolete between the heights and elevations." Temporary misery.

7. Reflection after teaching

Reading into the text and reading to appreciate the text are important means of teaching this text. When teaching, we not only take into account the spiritual needs of students, but do not just "bite words"; we also take into account the students' Chinese ability and literacy, and do not abandon the text and overextend it, so that the Chinese class loses the Chinese flavor. Therefore, highlighting reading aloud is an important element in teaching this classical Chinese text. Reading classical Chinese is actually a process of accumulating insights and improving internalization during reading. Therefore, I leave sufficient time for students to guide them to read themselves and the problems in a palatable way, without replacing students' reading practice with teacher's analysis. Let students gain insights and reflections through active thinking and emotional activities, and understand the author's inner world, so that they can be influenced by emotions, gain ideological enlightenment, and enjoy the aesthetic pleasure of reading. Of course, encouragement and guidance, as well as appropriate extension and guidance, also help students find a balance between sensibility and rationality. In class, I felt from the students' wonderful speeches, from the students' thoughtful faces, and from the students' shining eyes that they had understood the author's inner voice and had improved themselves while reading.

Of course, the study of classical Chinese also needs to build a platform for students to transfer knowledge to further cultivate students’ ability to conduct independent cooperative inquiry. This is still lacking. If we want students’ minds to fly higher and further on the wings of their own thoughts, there is really a long way to go.