What are the common dangers or accidental injuries in children's lives?

Abrasion refers to the baby's wound scratching the epidermis.

For shallow minor wounds, the wound can be scrubbed with wet tissue or water, the skin around the wound can be disinfected with iodophor or alcohol, and then a layer of topical anti-inflammatory ointment is applied, and then a band-aid is affixed or wrapped with sterile gauze. If the abrasion area is relatively large, the wound is stained with sand and dirt that cannot be cleaned by itself, or the injured part is swollen, painful, the surrounding body tissue is broken, bleeding is not stopped, or it is injured in an important part (such as the face), it is recommended to send it to a doctor immediately. For larger and deeper wounds, it is necessary to take the baby to surgery in time for local debridement and tetanus injection.

Step 2 cut (scratch)

A cut is an injury caused by a knife, scissors, glass sheet or sharp tool.

Most cuts occur on the hands. The first treatment method is to use local direct compression to stop bleeding, or pinch fingers on both sides to stop bleeding. First, gently press the wound with clean gauze or towel for at least 5 minutes. Don't always take away the towel to check the wound. After 5 minutes, if there is still bleeding, it can be extended for 5 minutes. In 95% of cases, you can rely on pressure to stop bleeding. If the bleeding doesn't stop after 15 minutes, or the wound bleeds after a while, which may hurt arterial blood vessels, you should send it to a doctor immediately.

After stopping bleeding, wash the wound with light salt water and soap, disinfect the skin around the wound with 75% alcohol or iodophor, then cover it with sterile gauze or band-aid, and finally bind and fix it.

Special reminder:

If the facial wound or wound dehiscence is more than 1 cm long, the child should be sent to the hospital for suture treatment as soon as possible. Because cuts can sew up wounds within 6 hours, promote wound healing and reduce wound infection and scar formation.

Be careful not to stimulate the wound with alcohol or hydrogen peroxide, these disinfectants will kill the new cells necessary for wound healing; Do not use antibiotic ointment on the surface of the incision, which will affect the healing speed of the wound.

stab

Stabbed by nails, needles and other sharp instruments, there will generally be a small amount of blood flowing out, because the wound is narrow and deep, bacteria are not easy to discharge, and it is easy to cause inflammation. When dealing with stab wounds in an emergency, it is necessary to squeeze the wound, shed a little blood and expel bacteria at the same time. If you are stabbed, no matter how small the wound is, you are at risk of contracting tetanus. Be sure to see a doctor in time and get a tetanus shot.

If there are foreign bodies such as wood thorns and bamboo thorns left under the skin, you can put a piece of ice on the skin where the foreign bodies are located to make the skin numb, then gently pick the skin with a sterilized needle to expose the foreign bodies and clip them out with sterilized tweezers.

If the foreign body causing the stab wound is glass fragments or broken nails in the wound, the baby should be stopped immediately, and must not be treated at home, but should go to the hospital quickly and be taken out by surgery. If not handled properly, it will lead to more bleeding and even damage internal organs, blood vessels and nerves.

bruise

Contusion is mostly manifested as local swelling and congestion. Congestion is mostly due to the rupture of subcutaneous capillaries caused by external forces, and blood penetrates into the skin from the rupture of capillaries, causing bruises and swelling on intact skin. In the past, "kneading" was often used to deal with this situation, but it often backfired. On the one hand, there are more and more "squeezing powder" bleeding. Because of the untitled force, more blood is squeezed out of the blood vessel and the mass is enlarged; On the contrary, the more you rub, the more painful it is. At this time, the blood oozing under the skin is a foreign body, the subcutaneous nerve is rich, and the pain is obviously aggravated.

Correct treatment: If the child falls, immediately press the injured part tightly with the palm of your hand for five minutes, and the pressing area is larger than the injured area. It can directly reduce bleeding, accelerate the coagulation process, and prevent subcutaneous congestion and edema. If there is blood on the skin, you should quickly add some crushed ice and cold water to the plastic bag, and the pressing effect will be better. If the injured part is an arm or leg, raising the injured part properly will also help to reduce swelling.

Within 24 hours after blood stasis occurs, cold compress should be used to reduce swelling. The first round of cold compress lasts for 20 minutes, stops for 20 minutes and repeats for 2-3 hours. Cold compress can achieve the effect of analgesia and detumescence. After 24 hours of blood stasis, warm water can be used to heat the affected area to promote local blood circulation and accelerate the dissipation of blood stasis. Generally speaking, subcutaneous congestion can be absorbed by the body slowly, which takes about 2 weeks or more.

Special reminder:

Close observation should be made for 72 hours after head injury. If there are symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, lethargy, listlessness, abnormal irritability and crying after craniocerebral injury, you should go to the hospital in time when comfort doesn't work.

The contusion that parents are most afraid of is the big bag on the child's head, fearing brain damage. In fact, the facts are often not so serious. Because coma after head trauma can only cause concussion, only 5% of patients who lost consciousness for more than 5 minutes found brain abnormalities in CT scanning. Of these 5%, only 10% is seriously injured, and most of the rest can be basically cured.

wrench

Under the action of external force, the joint movement is beyond the normal range, resulting in the injury of limbs joints or body soft tissues (such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels, etc.). ), no fracture, dislocation, flesh injury, etc. The main manifestations are pain and swelling in the injured part and limited joint activity.

Within 24 hours after injury, it is best to apply cold compress instead of hot compress. Wrap ice cubes in a cold towel for 20 minutes. Cold compress can achieve the effect of analgesia and detumescence. On the second day after the injury, parents can use hot compress to promote the swelling to subside, or help the baby rub the injured part. If possible, you can also wrap the sprained part with elastic bandage to protect and fix the injured joint. Relieve sprains. It can also help reduce swelling.

Special reminder:

Dislocation and fracture are sometimes mistaken for common sprains. If you can't judge accurately, you should seek medical advice in time.

6. Crushing or crushing injury

When the baby's fingers are squeezed by the crack of the door or the toes are scratched by hard objects such as stones, the treatment method is the same as contusion. Pay attention to cold compress in the early stage and hot compress in the later stage. For a bruised wound, wrapping the bandage too tightly will only increase the pain and have no therapeutic significance.

Special reminder:

The baby's finger is squeezed in the crack of the door, and the inside of the wound is purple due to congestion. It is likely to have been broken. Please seek medical attention as soon as possible.

7. Fracture and dislocation

Fractures are divided into open fractures and closed fractures. Open fracture means that the broken end of the bone has exposed the skin; Closed fracture means that the skin is intact. This kind of fracture often occurs, which is often easily overlooked and delays treatment.

After trauma, parents can touch the injured body parts slightly. Once touched, the baby will cry violently, refuse to touch, and his expression is extremely painful. Moreover, the movement of the injured joints will be restricted, and the injured body parts will swell, or there will be abnormal edges, bumps, bruises and so on. It can be preliminarily judged as a fracture.

Once a fracture or dislocation is suspected, parents should try to reduce the activity of the injured body parts to avoid nerve and blood vessel damage caused by the fracture and dislocation. If there is bleeding, compress the wound with sterile gauze to stop bleeding, and cover the wound with sterile gauze. Using local materials, you can temporarily fix both ends of the fracture with hardwood blocks or magazines to prevent further injury. After these emergency treatments, parents should send their children to see a doctor as soon as possible.

8. Burn or scald

The five steps of "washing, removing, soaking, covering and delivering" are the first principles for treating burns and scalds:

Rinse: rinse the wound with flowing water 15 ~ 30 minutes to quickly reduce the heat on the skin surface. If you can't clean the wound, you can apply cold compress.

Take off: After soaking thoroughly, take off your clothes carefully. If necessary, you can cut the clothes with scissors, or temporarily keep the adhered parts to avoid blisters.

Soaking: soaking in cold water (with ice) 15 ~ 30 minutes can relieve pain and stabilize mood. However, if the burn area is too large or the baby is young, it is not necessary to soak for too long, so as to avoid the body temperature dropping too fast or delaying the treatment opportunity.

Covering: Cover the injured part with clean wet cloth or sterilized vaseline gauze.

Send: If the wound is serious and the area exceeds the size of the child's face, send it to the hospital for emergency treatment.

Special reminder:

Mild burns (skin intact) can be coated with safflower oil or MEBO. It is recommended to prepare a MEBO at home, which can be used for general injuries or burns. Parents should never smear soy sauce, vinegar, wine, toothpaste or other oils and drugs on the wound. It is not only useless to the wound, but also easy to cause infection, which affects the judgment and first aid of medical staff.

9. Animal bites

After being bitten or scratched by dogs, cats and other animals, don't squeeze the wound like being bitten by a poisonous snake to prevent rabies virus from entering the nervous system at a faster speed. Rinse the wound thoroughly with soapy water, clean water and detergent for at least 20 minutes. After thorough cleaning, apply iodophor or hydrogen peroxide to the wound to remove or kill the local virus.

Parents should send their children to the hospital for further treatment as soon as possible after finishing these emergency treatments. Anyone who is bitten by an animal that has not been vaccinated with rabies vaccine and is suspected of being infected with rabies virus should be vaccinated with rabies vaccine within 24 hours, and other infections should be controlled with tetanus antitoxin and antibiotics.

10. Irony

After being bitten by mosquitoes, fleas, caterpillars, ants and wasps. In summer, soapy water or weak alkaline solution can be used to wash and soak the affected area. After being stung, you may have an allergic reaction to insect toxins, and the strength of the reaction varies according to your constitution. Usually manifested as swelling, congestion and local itching. Serious can cause systemic allergic reactions, and even life-threatening.

Generally speaking, most of the injuries caused by insect bites are not serious, but we must pay attention to prevent the baby from scratching the wound. If the insect bite is scratched, bacteria will invade the surrounding tissues, which may cause infection. Topical insect bites help to relieve symptoms. However, more serious allergic reactions are recommended to go to the hospital for treatment.