Does anyone have a summary of the common sense of Chinese literature in seven chapters?

Four. "Deng Jiaxian"

1. "Deng Jiaxian is a son with the highest dedication born from thousands of years of Chinese traditional culture." "Deng Jiaxian is an ideal member of the Communist Party of China."

It shows that only China's tradition Only cultural background can breed noble characters like Deng Jiaxian, and only people like Deng Jiaxian can adapt to the needs of Chinese society and make great contributions to the development of the nation.

2. "If Jiaxian chooses his life again, he will still take the path he has already taken. This is his character and quality." Please tell me your understanding of these two sentences.

It was Deng Jiaxian’s life to dedicate his life to the rise of the Chinese nation and the interests of the people. Taking such a life path was determined by Deng Jiaxian's character and quality. Therefore, the author said that if Deng Jiaxian chose life again, he would still go like this. These two sentences sum up the greatness of Deng Jiaxian.

5. "Mr. Wen Yiduo's Sayings and Actions"

1. As for the "scholar's aspect", the author only selected the writing of three books: "Miscellaneous Commentary on Tang Poetry", "Chu Ci Compilation" and "Classical New Meaning"; for the "revolutionary's aspect", he selected the first draft of political leaflets, Speaking at mass meetings and participating in demonstrations are three examples. Mr. Wen had a complicated life and wrote many books. There are many things that can be recorded. The author only selected these six things from a large amount of materials, and has already demonstrated Mr. Wen Yiduo's rigorous and hard-working academic attitude, selfless and fearless fighting spirit, surging and persistent patriotic enthusiasm, and noble personality that is consistent in words and deeds.

2. Is there any difference in the meaning of Mr. Wen Yiduo’s “saying” and “doing” as a scholar and as a revolutionary?

Refer to the "say" in Wen Yiduo's self-report quoted at the beginning of the answer, which means to declare to others what he is going to do or what he has done; in paragraph 5, "He did not 'say', but The "said" in "said" and the "said" in paragraph 6 mean to brag and boast; there is no "said" here, it mainly praises Mr. Wen Yiduo's hard work spirit and humility. Virtue; as a revolutionary, "speaking" is propaganda and mobilization for the revolution, exposing and rebuking the reactionaries. In fact, it is not only "words", but also "actions".

3. "He wants to eat up and digest all the thousands of years of cultural history of our Chinese nation" and "he wants to prescribe a cultural prescription for relief to our declining nation." The reference answers highlight Mr. Wen's research knowledge, and the purpose is to save the country. .

4. The reference answers show Mr. Wen’s hardworking spirit such as details such as “cannot peek into the garden and cannot go downstairs”, “hair is messy” and “sleep little”.

5. "One after another, large square bamboo paper notebooks are filled with dense regular script, like a swarm of ants arranging the Yamen." The reference answer shows Mr. Wen Yiduo's meticulous and rigorous attitude.

6. "Social Opera"

1. Choose the verb from stanza 10 of "The Society Opera" that describes the action of the young friends sailing the boat. What is the purpose of these vivid descriptions of action?

Reference answer verbs include: pull, point, knock, retreat, ascend, and frame. This text describes the actions of young friends as they happily set off on a boat. "Double Happiness pulled out the front pole, Ah Fa pulled out the back pole,... We had already started the boat, knocked on the bridge stone, stepped back a few feet, and then stepped forward and exited the bridge. So we set up two oars..." These verbs It accurately and vividly describes the actions of the teenagers sailing the boat. It is intended to show the young friends' proficiency and agility in setting up the boat, their smart and capable character, and their happy mood to go to the theater.

2. Sailing on a summer night and returning home on a moonlit night are both wonderful scenes and narratives. What did I see, hear, and feel during the summer night boat trip that heightened "my" urgency? How is "my" mood different when returning home on a moonlit night than when I go to the theater?

Refer to the answer: The moonlight is dim in this water vapor.

The dark undulating mountains, like the backbone of an eager iron beast, all ran far away to the stern of the ship. ... Gradually I saw the vague Zhaozhuang, ... there were still a few fires... What I heard: And I seemed to hear a song being played, ... the sound was probably a transverse flute, gentle and melodious...

Yue Xia Guihang wrote an interesting story about friends going to "steal" mango beans. When I went there, "I" was in a very anxious mood and always "thought the boat was slow." But at this time, "I" and my friends were stealing and eating beans, and we were in a very happy mood.

3. The text ends with: "Really, until now, I have never eaten the good beans that night, nor have I seen the good show that night." How should we understand this ending?

Reference answer In fact, the play that night made people "yawn" and "mutter curses" while watching it. The beans that night tasted really normal the next day. The so-called "good beans like that night" and "good plays like that night" represent the author's beautiful memories of innocent, free and interesting childhood, full of a romantic ideal color, expressing the desire and pursuit of the ideal state of life.

4. Try to figure out the following words and answer the questions in brackets.

①My heavy heart suddenly relaxed, and my body seemed to stretch to an indescribable size. What kind of mood do "relax" and "stretch" express "I"?

The reference answer "relax" and "stretch" are in sharp contrast to the previous article's frustration because it was not a show, and express "I"'s joy. Light mood.

②The light black undulating mountains, like the backbone of an eager iron beast, all ran far away to the stern of the ship. Why does Shan say "zealously"?

The reference answer uses the verb "to eagerly" to write about mountains, which brings the still life to life. The meaning of this word is different from what it is now. The author creatively gives this word a new meaning here.

③Looking back at the stage in the light of the lights, it feels as if it had not arrived yet, and it is as misty as a fairy mountain pavilion, covered with red clouds. (What kind of mood does "looking back" express? What kind of situation does "cover" express?)

Refer to the answer "Looking back" to express the mood of "I" Yiyi. "Cover" visually expresses the dreamlike scene on the stage, echoing the scene.

④Unexpectedly, Father Liuyi became very grateful. He raised his thumb and said proudly... (Why is Father Liuyi still "grateful" after someone stole the beans?)

Reference answer: Because "I" who has studied in the city praised his beans. It shows the honest and kind character of Father Liu Yi.

⑤The ship is like a big white fish jumping in the waves with a group of children on its back. Several old fishermen who had been fishing all night stopped their boats and started cheering. (What rhetorical method is used in this sentence? What does it express?)

Refer to the rhetoric of the answer metaphor to vividly describe the appearance of the ship traveling fast, which is also childlike and in line with children's psychology. (It shows that the children are highly skilled in sailing and are full of childishness. Writing about the old fisherman serves as a foil)

7. "Ansai Waist Drum"

1. How many times does "What an Ansai waist drum" appear in the article? From a rhetorical point of view, what kind of rhetoric does it belong to and what role does it play in the text?

[Reference answer] *** appears three times. It is an interval repetition. This sentence sets a high tone for the full text in terms of content. Its multiple occurrences make the article promote the excitement of life and the pound. The theme of great power is deepened step by step. Formally speaking, the rhythm is lively, concise and powerful, making us feel the thickness of the Loess Plateau and the excitement of life. When the two are combined, this article achieves the perfect unity of content and form.

2. How to understand the two words "happy" and "vigorous" in the sentence "What an Ansai waist drum that has brought joy to mountains and rivers and flourished imagination"?

[Reference answer] The part of speech of "happy" is an adjective, and its original meaning is straightforward and refreshing; the part of speech of "fengbo" is an adjective, and its original meaning is prosperity and exuberance.

The two words should be used as attributives to modify and limit the nouns. Here they are used as verbs and as predicates, which can be interpreted as "making happy" and "making vigorous", expressing the passion and power of life drummed out by Ansai waist drum. The beauty is fully expressed.

3. "It reminds one of: The setting sun shines on the banner, and the horse roars in the wind! It reminds one of: The thunder that flashes thousands of miles away! It reminds one of: The great enlightenment that becomes dark and clear, clear and dark, and then finally becomes clear forever!" Try to analyze This set of parallel sentences.

[Reference answer] The parallelism of this sentence describes the tragic, uplifting and power of the drum sound, which has an overwhelming and touching momentum.

4． There is no room for restraint, no fetters, and no blockage. It was such a force that broke free, broke through, and knocked away! (What does "such a force" want to "break away", "break through" and "bump away"? What "restrains", "fetters" and "blocks" "such a force"?)

Reference answer" Such a force "will break through the layers of hard shells on people's bodies, let life vent between heaven and earth, make people "leave behind all the clutter", "live the mountains and rivers, and flourish their imagination", making people understand why people are human, The reason why life is life.

5. It makes you amazed that the body wrapped in peasant clothes, that body digesting red beans, old pumpkins, can actually release such majestic energy! (Where do farmers living in poverty get such powerful strength?)

Reference answer: They have natural and healthy lives, which are primitive, not artificially carved, not polluted at all, and not polluted at all. Complete life with no impurities. This is the source of their strength.

6. The watery Jiangnan is like fragile glass, and there is no such thing as a waist drum there. (Why can't "Jiangnan with lots of water" play such a waist drum?)

Reference answer Jiangnan flowing water expresses more of a feminine style, while Ansai waist drum needs to carry such primitive and rough life force. earth".

7. There was a distant rooster crow in my ears. (Why do you hear such a "rooster crow"?)

Reference answer: After the drumming stops, people are still immersed in passion, like the silence after the heat. At this time, the "rooster crow" is used to contrast the silence ( This can also be considered a real writing).

In-class paragraph reading:

A group of prosperous young people.

Behind them was a field of sorghum. They are as simple as that piece of sorghum.

The hissing south wind blew the sorghum leaves and their clothes.

Their expressions were calm and quiet. The waist drum clinging to their sides seemed to have never sounded.

But:

Look! ——

As soon as you start beating, you will become violent, forget your feelings, and lose your life! Hundreds of young people with slanted backs and drums, like hundreds of stones constantly being knocked up by strong earthquakes, dance wildly in front of you. Like the shower, it is the rapid drumbeat; like the whirlwind, it is the flying tassels; like the frog, it is the jumping footsteps; like the sparks, it is the gleaming pupils; like the tiger fighting, it is the strong grace. What a magnificent, bold, and fiery dance broke out on the Loess Plateau - Ansai waist drum!

1. What is the purpose of the author starting the article with the phrase "a group of prosperous young people"?

The reference answer highlights the majestic image of the young people and clearly pushes their image onto the stage, which has the power to attract and shock people.

2. The selected text describes the situation before the performance. The background is a field of sorghum and the silky south wind; the characters are young people; the character is simple; the expression is calm and quiet; and The waist drum was silent and never sounded. What are the benefits of writing this way?

The reference answer is used to prepare the waist drum performance below. The combination of movement and stillness brings out the heroic appearance of the young people.

3. Why should the selection of the article first describe the south wind blowing the sorghum leaves and their clothes, and then describe their calm and quiet expressions and "dumb" waist drums?

Reference answer The silence of the people and the drum is to prepare for the waist drum performance below.

4. "But:" and "Look!——" are separated into paragraphs. What kind of expression effect does it have?

The reference answer is divided into separate paragraphs, which attracts attention. The people and drums change from static to moving.

5. Find two metaphorical sentences that express this group of underachievers in the selected article, and point out what their expressive effects are?

Reference answer: "They are as simple as that piece of sorghum" expresses the simplicity and quiet beauty of the descendants; "The hundreds of descendants with drums on their backs are like hundreds of stones that are constantly knocked up by strong earthquakes." ", dancing wildly in front of you" expresses the strength and bold beauty of these young people.

6. Which sentence in the article do you like best? Copy it down and tell me what its beauty is. ?

8. "The Great Tragedy"

1. Why did Zweig, the famous biographer, write this tragic scene about the loser Scott with passion? /p>

[Reference answer] The text finally says: "Although a person destroys himself in the fight against invincible misfortune, his soul becomes extremely noble. All this is the greatest tragedy of all time. "The author is not concerned about the success or failure of Scott's Antarctic expedition, but the noble spirit they showed during this tragic journey. This kind of human spirit has far surpassed that activity itself and that era, and has become a global The precious spiritual wealth of mankind across eras and regions. Therefore, Zweig enthusiastically wrote a biography of Scott, a failed hero.

2. What kind of human beings are reflected in Scott and his expedition members. Spirit and excellent qualities?

[Reference answer] First of all, Scott and the others clearly demonstrated the spirit of mankind's unremitting exploration of unknown areas; in this operation, they also showed determination, perseverance, and courage to serve the cause. The heroic spirit of dedication, each of them is a well-known tough guy, and they are all heroic; they have a strong spirit of collectivism and are able to unite and cooperate in harsh environments and life-and-death situations, even at the expense of their own lives for the group and their companions. ; They also showed strong love, and their deep love for the motherland, nation, companions, relatives and friends was one of the powerful driving forces that supported their heroic actions; Scott also had an honest gentlemanly demeanor, and had the courage to admit after losing the competition. And willing to "testify to the achievements of another person in front of the world"

9. "In the Center of the Desert"

The text describes Saint-Exupéry and his. During a flight, my companion crashed into the Libyan desert. It describes "my" psychological process from "pain and despair" to "optimism and calmness" in the desert, through the description of the wonders of the desert and "my" inner feelings. The monologue expresses "my" firm belief in overcoming difficulties and walking out of the desert, as well as my love and desire for life.

1. Sentence Appreciation

(1) "My blood is because of it." Lack of water leads to poor circulation, and the cold is pressing, but this is not just the cold at night. ”

[Reference answer] The low temperature at night in the desert and the severe lack of water make “I” feel unbearably cold, and the danger of death makes “I” feel desperate. This is the danger “I” face. A true portrayal.

(2) "The cold wind rushed towards me like a cavalry on the plains, and I had to turn around to avoid it. "

[Reference answer] Use metaphors and personification to vividly express the harsh environment of the desert and "my" feelings. The tone is not heavy, but rather humorous, showing that "I" is calm and optimistic.

(3) “We look forward to the dawn as farmers look forward to spring, we look forward to the way station as we look forward to a blessed land, and we look for our own truth among the stars.

"

[Reference answer] Precious dew only appears at dawn, and dawn represents the hope of life, so "I" said that looking forward to the dawn is like farmers looking forward to the hopeful spring; the way station maintains the pilot's enthusiasm. Life, so "I" said that looking forward to a halfway station is like looking forward to a blessed place. These two sentences reflect "my" love for life. "Stars" represent nature, and "looking for truth among the stars" is in the struggle with nature. Realize the value of life. This sentence reflects "my" pride in my pursuit.

(4) "I have no regrets." I struggled, and I failed, which is also common for people in our industry. However, I finally breathed the sea breeze. ”

[Reference answer] The author believes that his career is meaningful. He has realized the value of life and has not wasted his life. Therefore, even if he fails or even sacrifices his life, he has no regrets.

2. Is the author taking this risk for personal gain?

[Reference answer] The author loves his life, but human happiness is not. It lies in freedom, but in assuming a responsibility. This responsibility is to be responsible for the new construction cause of mankind, and it is worthwhile and noble to take a little responsibility for the destiny of mankind.

．"Cat"

Zheng Zhenduo (1898 - 1958), a famous modern writer and literary historian

The author uses simple words to tell the story of raising a cat three times. The narrative is profound, subtle, and melancholy. Clarify the sequence and clues of the text's narrative, understand the text's content as a whole, and understand the thoughts, feelings, and philosophy of life contained in the article.

1. Why is "I" more "sad" about the death of the third cat than the loss of the first two cats?

[Reference answer] Because the responsibility for the death of the third cat lies with " "I". "I" subjectively concluded that the bird was killed by it. In anger, "I" beat it with a wooden stick. It suffered injustice and had no way to defend itself, and finally died on the ridge of the neighbor's house. "I" thought It was "I" who killed it, and this fault is irreparable.

2. After the second cat was lost, the author wrote: "Since then, my family has not had a cat for a long time. After the death of the third cat, the author wrote: "From now on, I will never keep a cat in my house." "Experience the difference in the thoughts and feelings contained in these two sentences?

[Reference answer] After the second cat was lost, the sense of loss lingered in my heart for a long time. Irresistible people are so annoying and annoying. The hatred is hard to get rid of. It is fun to raise a cat, but the pain of losing it is even more painful, so I don’t want to raise it immediately.

I am not responsible for the death of the third cat. After making a clear judgment, I made a judgment. Later, the cat died. Therefore, this mistake could not be remedied. Since the guilt could never be eliminated, seeing the cat triggered the pain in my soul, and I was always ashamed of this kind of life. Only then did I have the idea of ??never raising a cat.

3. Consider "I" as the focus of the description. The theme of this article is:

[Reference answer] Expressing "I". The spirit of being strict with oneself. ("I" is a kind, just, self-reflective, and conscientious intellectual.) Or the "principle of being a human being": People should treat others equally and fairly, and should not make subjective assumptions or make arbitrary decisions. assertion, causing harm to innocent people.

4. Taking the misfortune of the cat as the focus of the description, what is the theme of this article?

[Reference answer] reveals the misfortunes that occur in life. Reasons and character flaws.

5. Writing characteristics

[Reference answers] (1) The plot is tortuous and the structure is rigorous. The article tells three stories around the center. They all use the death and loss of cats as clues, and they all have relative completeness. The three stories are arranged in chronological order to form a tragic history of cat raising in the family: getting a cat - raising a cat - losing and losing - again. Get a cat - raise a cat again - lose a cat again - get a cat again - raise a cat again - lose a cat again, the plot rises and falls, advancing layer by layer.

) The setting of echoes and foreshadowing from beginning to end.

The connection and echo are as follows: at the beginning, the ending of raising a cat is explained several times, clues are thrown out, and the whole text is summarized. Finally, it ends with "My family will never raise a cat", which opens up the profound meaning and echoes the beginning. There are transitional sections connecting the three stories. The setting of foreshadowing is as follows: the first cat suddenly becomes thin, which indicates that it will die of illness; the second cat running around on the street indicates that it will be captured; the third cat staring at the birdcage indicates that it will be unjustly beaten to death. So these all play the role of connecting threads and connecting beads, connecting the three stories and the plots between each story into an organic whole, which is natural and seamless.

11. "Goral Flying Crossing"

1. In the text, how many times does the sound of a sickle-headed sheep sound ***? What is the meaning of each?

[Reference answer] The article focuses on the three calls of the sickle-headed sheep:

For the first time, in the critical moment, all the gorals looked at the head sheep, and the head sheep After patrolling along the cliff,

we knew that there was a dead end in front of us, and there was a hunting team pursuing us behind. The leader couldn't think of a way to save the group of gorals, so he could only look up at the sky and scream several times, expressing his inner despair.

The second time, when a female goral walked into the colorful light belt of the rainbow in a trance, the sickle-headed sheep roared "baa" to call back the female goral.

At the same time, he told For the third time, when there was a huge disparity in numbers between the old gorals and the young gorals, the sickle-headed sheep sadly With a light bleat, this meant that in order to save younger lives, the only way to sacrifice others in their prime, including himself. The cry was both a melancholy sigh and a call to replenish the doomed ranks.

The image of the sickle-headed sheep: wise, decisive, calm in times of trouble, and calm in the face of difficulties.

2. Why is rainbow mentioned several times in the text? What's the purpose?

[Reference answer] There are three main places where rainbows are written in the article. One is the rainbow appearing when the goral is in dire straits, the second is the rainbow reflecting the goral's flight, and the third is the sheep walking towards "that gorgeous rainbow".

The rainbow has three main functions: one is to render a mysterious color and promote the development of the plot. The reason why the sheep came up with the method of flying may be because of the mysterious inspiration of the rainbow; the other is to highlight the flying The momentum. It exaggerates the tragic beauty of flying over; the third one exaggerates the sublime beauty of the self-sacrifice of the leader.

3. Why is it said that the bridge is "made of death as its piers"?

[Reference answer] Because every goral that is reborn uses the body of another goral as a springboard to complete its flight. It is these mortal gorals that form the bridge of new life, so it is said to be "using death as the piers".

4． Why was "I" shocked by the fact that "none of the old gorals changed places from beginning to end"?

[Reference Answer] "I" is a hunter, referring to the behavior of humans who often run away in such situations. , so shocked.

5. In this sentence, does "brilliant" only refer to the curved rainbow?

[Reference answer] Not only refers to the rainbow, It also symbolizes the behavior and spirit of the sickle-headed sheep.