The customs and habits of the Hani people.

Most Hani people live in China, southwest Yunnan and other places. They are mountain people living in Honghe area of Yunnan. They are mainly engaged in agriculture, and are good at planting rice on terraced fields and tea forests on sloping fields. They planted the famous "Purple Rice" and "Pu 'er Tea", and created the "Terrace Culture", one of the seven major farmland systems in China history. There are folk festivals such as October Festival (New Year's Day), June Festival (Eating New), Potomac Festival (Mountain Sacrifice), Mother's Day, Uncle's Recognition and abbado (Love Song Banquet). Its rich food culture and festival culture set each other off, forming a unique Hani style.

The Hani people have two solar eclipses, mainly rice, supplemented by corn. They like to eat dried rice, Baba, rice flour, rice rolls and bean jelly. They also chopped lean meat and cooked porridge with rice, Jiang Mo, star anise and tsaoko. They like to eat glutinous rice Baba, wrapped in banana leaves and eaten with bacon. They also use purple rice to make purple rice, purple rice cake, purple rice porridge, purple rice noodles, purple rice as precious rice, steamed chicken with purple rice, boiled eggs with purple rice wine, purple rice porridge with medicine and sugar, etc. , constitute a complete medicinal diet series. These medicated diets have the effects of tonifying blood and qi, warming spleen and tonifying deficiency, strengthening brain and kidney, shrinking uterus and strengthening body.

Hani people also love to eat meat. Pigs, cows, sheep, chickens and ducks are eaten in chunks. Drinking in a big bowl is the host's hospitality. Guests follow their ideas, so let's get together and have a rest. In the village, some people killed pigs and chickens or cooked delicious food. All the elderly men and women were invited to dinner, and the most tender and delicious parts such as liver were presented to the elderly.

Hani people are also good at careful calculation, and often make leftover pork and beef into unique bacon and dry bar, which are reserved for hospitality all the year round. When making, cut the meat into strips and sprinkle with spices such as pepper noodles, salt and star anise powder. Cover it for a day and a night, and then hang it on the fireplace, where it will be smoked by fireworks. After half a month or a month, the bacon and dried sticks are purple, with abnormal fragrance and slight fragrance. Take them down and put them in a special big cage and hang them on the roof beam. They can be eaten all year round. Bacon and ganba are precious delicacies of Hani people!

There is also a strange dish of Hani nationality called "Baiwang", which is made of pig blood, sheep blood and dog blood. The Aini branch of the Hani nationality calls it "Ayamazui". Take the blood of freshly slaughtered pigs, sheep and dogs as the main raw materials, or chop and fry lean meat, liver and waist, sprinkle with spices such as Chili powder, octagonal noodles and pepper noodles, and stir quickly, without losing the opportunity. This dish looks scary, tastes fragrant, tastes mellow, spicy and delicious. It is listed as an indispensable famous dish when slaughtering pigs and sheep, and it is also a dish that Hani people warmly entertain guests.

The Hani people on the south bank of the Red River are good at mixing fermented beans with bean straw ash to make fermented beans with unique flavor. Almost every meal is served with it as a side dish, and there are many ways to eat it, which is called "Hani monosodium glutamate". The "sparrow meat floss sauce" made from it is very delicious.

The traditional calendar of Hani nationality divides a year into four months: cold season, warm season and rainy season. There are two festivals in a year, one in October and the other in June. October is the first dragon day in October of the lunar calendar, which lasts for five or six days, offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors. At that time, every family will kill a red rooster, cook food on the spot, and are not allowed to bring it indoors. Every member of the family eats a piece, and the married girl is not allowed to eat it. On the third day, a grand "Woods Capital" activity will be held every afternoon, that is, the whole village will drink the wine of unity and joy together. The whole village is divided into three groups, and each group takes turns to be the host for one day, and it will leave for the west that day. In the sound of gongs and drums, the person in charge will bring delicious and sorghum stew to the center of the street, and the order will be placed on the long banyan tree that has already been laid. In some big villages, the banquet is 100 meters long, and the men in charge of every household feast around the table. Families compete to produce their own specialties and dance while drinking according to the rules.

Hani people like to drink, and there are many wine festivals. Such as Mother's Day, Old People's Day, Yellow Rice Festival, Naming Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Uncle's Commendation Day and so on. There is wine in every festival. The most interesting things are "abbado" wine and Song's love banquet.

"abbado" is a wine festival where Hani youths express their love, show their wisdom and compete for cooking skills. Most of them are held in the off-season. Girls from neighboring villages are invited by boys from one village, and the number is equal, generally around 20. A dinner was held in a big house, and men and women were seated in pairs. There must be a boiled cock (with two chicken testicles and a live crab on it) with rich dishes. Toast and sing to each other until dawn. Parting boys should send glutinous rice and meat to their lovers and agree on the date of the next party.

Hani people also have the custom of drinking "New Valley Wine". Before the autumn harvest every year, according to traditional customs, the Hani people living in Yuanjiang, Yunnan Province hold a rich ceremony of "drinking new grain and wine" to celebrate the harvest and the safety of people and animals. The so-called "new cereal wine" means that each family cuts a handful of ripe cereal stalks from the field, hangs upside down on the edge of a small basket at the upper part of the gable at the right rear of the hall, hoping that the gods at home will bless the crops, and then cuts down 100 grains, some of which are fried into cereal flowers, and some are not, and put them into wine bottles for soaking. Drinking "New Valley Wine" is chosen on auspicious days. Every family prepares a sumptuous meal, and the whole family drinks a few mouthfuls of "New Valley Wine" without exception. Everyone should eat and drink enough in this meal.

Hani people regard fire as the life of their families, carefully protect the fire and worship the fire pit devoutly. Each of them has several different fireplaces, which not only require fireworks to burn for a long time, but also cannot be mixed. The first fireplace cooks a small pot of rice for cooking, the second fireplace specializes in steaming rice, and the other fireplace only cooks pig food. Above the fireplace hangs a hammock-shaped "fire squad" made of hard bamboo sticks, which is used to smoke food. During the festival, every household should prepare a bowl of rice, meat dishes and spicy wine to worship the sacred fireplace.

"New Valley Wine" of Hani Nationality

Before the autumn harvest every year, according to traditional customs, the Hani people living in Yuanjiang, Yunnan Province hold a rich ceremony of "drinking new grain and wine" to celebrate the harvest and the safety of people and animals. The so-called "new cereal wine" means that each family cuts a handful of ripe cereal stalks from the ground and hangs them upside down on the edge of a small basket at the upper part of the gable at the right rear of the hall, hoping that the gods at home will bless the crops, and then pulls down a hundred grains, some of which are fried into cereal flowers, and some are not fried, and put them into a wine bottle for soaking. Drinking "New Valley Wine" is chosen on an auspicious day, and every family prepares a sumptuous meal, and the whole family drinks a few mouthfuls of "New Valley Wine" without exception. This meal is for everyone.