Talking about Climbing Ladder in Kindergarten

Source | Zhiyue Children (ID: HB _ Sjty)

Children in kindergartens are young, and their general language and behavioral abilities are not fully developed. For them, there is no doubt that safety should be a priority. Stairs are the most prone to safety accidents. In view of this, we talk about how to set up safety stairs for infants from the perspective of professional design.

1 The stairwell should have direct natural lighting and natural ventilation;

Interpretation: This point is actually set based on fire prevention requirements. Staircase is a safe passage for people to evacuate vertically, and it is also the favorite place for infants to play. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that people can have good light when evacuating the stairwell. If there are natural lighting conditions, natural lighting should be used first. In the event of a fire, the dark staircase with artificial lighting will often be darkened due to the interruption of normal power supply, which will affect the speed of action and should be used as little as possible. Evacuation stairwells should be naturally ventilated as far as possible to eliminate the smoke that may enter them, improve the visibility of stairwells, shorten the residence time of smoke and avoid inhalation. The stairwell is located near the external wall, which is beneficial to the direct lighting and natural ventilation of the stairwell. For evacuation stairwells that cannot use natural lighting and ventilation, fire emergency lighting should be set up according to the requirements of specifications, and mechanical smoke prevention measures should be taken.

2 In addition to adult handrails, children's handrails should be set on both sides of the stairs, with a height of 0.60m m.

Interpretation: Kindergartens should take care of the stairs to take into account the requirements of adults and children. The average adult's height is less than 2m, and the leg length is generally less than 1.05. Therefore, according to the requirements of adult use, the height of the railing should not be lower than 1.05m, so that even if the adult's body center of gravity deviates near the stairs, it will not fall down the stairs. Children's height should not be greater than 0.60m m. Considering that the height of children aged 0-3 is generally 60- 100cm, when the length of the horizontal handrail near the stairwell is greater than 0.5m, its height should not be less than1m. This is not conducive to children climbing stairs; One side of the stairs is against the wall, and the other side is specially equipped with small handrails for children. Wooden handrails should be used.

3 The height of children's stair step should be 0. 13m, and the width should be 0.26m

Interpretation: The range of children's stepping and the height of lifting their legs are smaller than those of adults, so the size of stairs used by children is also reduced accordingly. The tread height should not be greater than 0. 15m, but generally 0. 13-0. 14m. Considering the stability of children's walking, the steps of each slope should not exceed 18 and should not be less than 3. In addition, the length of children's shoes is generally 10- 17cm, so the tread width should not be less than 0.26m m. Considering that children are relatively young, it is recommended not to do anti-skid treatment in front of the tread.

4 outdoor stairs should not be set in cold areas;

Interpretation: The northern region is freezing, and it is easy to freeze outdoors in winter, and the ground will slip, which is not conducive to walking, especially for young children.

5 The stairs used by children should not adopt fan-shaped or spiral steps;

Interpretation: When children's brains are underdeveloped, their limbs lack coordination, their walking is not stable enough, and their perception of space is lacking, the design and modeling of stairs should be as regular as possible.

6 stair tread surface should be made of non-slip materials, there should be no holes in the tread surface, and the tread surface should be marked with obvious warning signs;

Interpretation: Children like to jump when walking, and it is dangerous to go up and down stairs. Therefore, the treads of stairs should be made of non-slip cloth, and the steps should not be hollowed out to prevent children from slipping in and causing safety accidents.

7 The stairwell should be directly connected to the outdoor on the first floor.

Interpretation: As long as the stairs in general buildings meet the requirements of fire prevention and evacuation, they can all lead to the outside through the lobby or aisle. Foster children are smaller, have poor mobility and have higher requirements for fire prevention and evacuation than ordinary buildings. Therefore, the stairwell should be directly connected to the outside of the first floor.

8 For stairs used by children, when the clear width of stairwell is greater than 0. 1 1m, measures must be taken to prevent children from climbing and sliding. Stair railings should be constructed in a way that is not easy to climb. When the vertical pole is used as a railing, the clear distance between the rails should not be greater than 0.09 meters. ..

Interpretation: The head circumference of the newborn baby is about 34cm, and the first half grows 8cm. In order to prevent children from drilling out of railings and causing potential safety hazards, the clear distance between vertical lines of stair railings should not be greater than 0.09 mm.

Staircase refers to the distance between going up stairs and going down stairs, and children of young age are relatively young. If the clear width of the stairwell is greater than 0. 1 1m, children's bodies may pass through, so measures should be taken to prevent children from falling after climbing the railing. Similarly, when the clear width of the stairwell is greater than 0.20m, safety measures must be taken.

9 There should be no steps in the walkways where children often pass, so it is safe to evacuate. When there is a height difference, an anti-skid ramp shall be set, and its slope shall not be greater than 1: 12. The wall surface of the evacuation walkway should not have pilasters, pipes, fire hydrant boxes, fire extinguishers, billboards and other protrusions below 2m from the ground.

Interpretation: If there are steps in the safe evacuation passage and children often go in and out, it will bring inconvenience to travel and increase some unsafe factors. So try to avoid setting steps here. If necessary, an anti-skid ramp can be added. It is worth noting that the slope should not be greater than 1: 12. In addition, considering the linearity of children's daily behavior, the wall of the evacuation walkway should not be provided with protrusions such as pilasters, pipes, fire hydrant box, fire extinguishers and billboards. 2 meters below the ground, but children should be ensured to pass easily.

10 The verandah, indoor cloister, inner patio, balcony, the roof of the owner's house, platform, bleachers and outdoor stairs of nurseries and kindergartens shall be provided with protective railings, which shall be made of durable materials. The height of the protective railing shall be calculated from the top surface of the treadable part, and the clear height shall not be less than1.30m. The protective railing must be constructed to prevent children from climbing and crossing. When the vertical pole is used as a railing, the clear distance of the crossbar should not be greater than 0.09 meters. ..

Interpretation: The safety awareness of children aged 0-3 is still not perfect, so some spaces are adjacent to the edge areas with gaps, and it is necessary to install safety fences in line with their size, and the railings should be strong and durable. Moreover, in order to prevent children from falling and climbing, the height of the protective railing should be calculated from the top surface of the treadable part, and the clear height should not be less than 1.30m, and should be completely higher than the height of children to prevent the possibility of climbing. In addition, in order to prevent children from getting out of the gap between railings, the clear distance between railings should not be greater than 0.09 mm.