Read the question of biological invaders

You won't be surprised when you find one or two beetles you've never seen before on the roadside grass or in your yard. But in the eyes of biologists and ecologists, this may not be trivial. Experts call this kind of "immigrant" who originally lived in a foreign country and moved to a new ecological environment by unnatural means "biological invader".

② In the early stage of human civilization, land and navigation technologies were not developed, and the ecological balance of nature was not greatly damaged. Under natural conditions, a dandelion seed may drift with the wind for dozens of kilometers before landing. If the conditions are suitable, it will take root, sprout and grow there. Fish and shrimp in the mountain stream may drift with the tide and settle down in the river? These are carried out slowly without human intervention, and the time and space span are very limited, so it will not cause serious imbalance of the ecosystem.

(3) If a species in the new living environment is not restricted by many factors such as food competition of the same kind and the harm of natural enemies, it is likely to multiply uncontrollably. 1988, several mussels (mollusks similar to mussels) originally living in the European continent were brought to the North American continent by a cargo ship. At that time, these "stowaways" mixed in the goods at the bottom of the warehouse did not attract the attention of the local people, and they were randomly abandoned in the waters near the Great Lakes. Unexpectedly, however, it has become a "paradise" for bamboo. Without the restriction of natural enemies, the number of scallops has increased dramatically, and almost all the drainage pipes in the Great Lakes have been "occupied" by them. So far, people have spent billions of dollars to clean and replace pipelines. Long-horned beetles from Asia and red ants from South America are two other "invaders" that plague Americans. The former madly destroys trees in Chicago and new york, while the latter specializes in biting people and animals and spreading diseases.

④ Biological invaders not only caused immeasurable economic losses to human beings, but also posed a great threat to other species and species diversity in the invaded areas. During World War II, palm tree snakes settled in Guam with a military cargo ship. This tree-dwelling reptile specializes in preying on birds, attacking nests and devouring eggs. Since World War II, 9 species of 1 1 native birds in Guam have been wiped out by palm snakes.

⑤ Many biologists and ecologists attribute the increase of "biological invaders" to the increasingly prosperous international trade. In fact, many "biological intruders" just hitchhike in international trade to achieve the purpose of "smuggling". Take the current global fresh fruit and vegetable trade as an example. There are many insects and insect eggs attached to these goods, including extremely harmful pests, such as Mediterranean fruit flies. Although the animal and plant quarantine centers of customs in various countries strictly guard against these pests, it is difficult to ensure that there are no "bugs" that escape the net because of the huge amount of import and export goods.

Some biologists point out that once a certain "biological invader" gains a foothold in the new environment and multiplies on a large scale, its number will be difficult to control. Even in today's highly developed science and technology, people will still be helpless in the face of plants and animals with strong adaptability and reproductive ability. Some scholars in the field of biology and ecology believe that human beings should not interfere too much in the migration process of biological species, because the imbalance is temporary, and a species must follow the law of natural selection in the new environment. Not all "biological invaders" can survive, but the strong can survive. Even the strong in the ecosystem are restricted by various factors in the system and cannot do whatever they want. Therefore, the natural balance will eventually be achieved. However, more scholars are against it. They think that the process of natural adjustment is very long. If "biological invaders" are allowed to develop freely, many native species will be doomed to extinction and the species diversity in nature will be seriously damaged. In addition, the economic losses caused by "biological invaders" to human society are as high as more than 200 billion US dollars. How can people be indifferent to such astronomical figures?

1 1. What are the advantages of the author using the word "immigrants" in the first paragraph instead of directly using the word "creatures"? (3 points)

12, paragraph ③ gives an example of "Banbei". What is the author's main intention? (3 points)

13. How about replacing "9 species of native birds in Guam (1 1)" with "Many species of native birds in Guam were wiped out by the snake"? Why? (3 points)

14. According to the information provided in the selected text, one of the following statements is wrong. (3 points)

First, under natural conditions, biological migration will not cause a serious imbalance in the ecosystem, because this migration is carried out slowly without human intervention.

B, Asian longhorn beetle and South American red ant "invaded" the United States, which was extremely harmful.

C, even in today's highly developed science and technology, people will still be helpless in the face of those "biological invaders" with strong adaptability and strong reproductive ability.

D, only a few scholars think that the migration process of biological species should be intervened by artificial means, so as to solve the problem of "biological invaders".

15. After reading this article, what measures do you think can be taken to prevent the harm of "biological invaders" to human society? (Put forward at least two measures) (4 points)

answer

1 1, the word "immigrant" has a figurative meaning here, which makes the interpretation language more vivid. (3 points)

12 is mainly used to explain the sentence that "if a species is not restricted by many factors such as food competition of the same kind and the harm of natural enemies in the new living environment, it is likely to multiply uncontrollably". (3 points)

13, not good, the original sentence uses specific data, which can more accurately explain the harm degree of palm tree snakes to local birds. (3 points, no points will be deducted if you don't answer the reason)

14, D(3 points)

15, for example: formulate special laws to restrict it; Strengthen international trade supervision. (As long as it is reasonable, 2 points for each item, * * * 4 points)

Chapter 2: (1) You won't be surprised when you find one or two beetles you've never seen before on the roadside grass or in your yard. But in the eyes of biologists and ecologists, this may not be trivial. Experts vividly compare them to "biological invaders"-they will not only destroy the original ecosystem of a certain area, but also cause incalculable economic losses to human society.

(2) In the early days of human society, land and navigation technologies were not developed, and the ecological balance of nature was not greatly damaged. Under natural conditions, a dandelion seed may drift with the wind for dozens of kilometers before landing. If the conditions are suitable, it will take root, sprout and grow there. Fish and shrimp in the mountain stream may drift with the tide and settle down in the river? These are carried out slowly without human intervention, and the time and space span are very limited, so it will not cause serious imbalance of the ecosystem.

(3) If a species in the new living environment is not restricted by many factors such as food competition of the same kind and the harm of natural enemies, it is likely to multiply uncontrollably. 1988, several mussels (mollusks similar to mussels) originally living in the European continent were brought to the North American continent by a cargo ship. At that time, these "stowaways" mixed in the goods at the bottom of the warehouse did not attract the attention of the local people, and they were randomly abandoned in the waters near the Great Lakes. Unexpectedly, however, it has become a "paradise" for bamboo. Due to the lack of natural enemies, the number of scallops has increased dramatically, and almost all the hydrophobic pipelines in the Great Lakes have been "occupied" by them. So far, people have spent billions of dollars to clean and replace pipelines. Long-horned beetles from Asia and red ants from South America are two other "invaders" that plague Americans. The former madly destroys trees in Chicago and new york, while the latter specializes in biting people and animals and spreading diseases.

(4) "Biological invaders" not only cause immeasurable economic losses to human beings, but also pose a great threat to other species and species diversity in the invaded areas. During World War II, palm tree snakes settled in Guam with a military cargo ship. This tree-dwelling reptile specializes in preying on birds, attacking nests and devouring eggs. Since World War II, nine species of native birds in Guam 1 1 have been wiped out by brown snakes, and the number of the only two species is decreasing day by day, which is in danger of extinction at any time. Some biologists have seen palm snakes six times on the plane from Guam to Hawaii. They warned that there are no natural enemies on the island of Hawaii that can inhibit the reproduction of palm snakes. Once the palm tree snake settled in Hawaii, the birds on the island would be extinct.

(5) Many biologists and ecologists attribute the increase of "biological invaders" to the increasingly prosperous international trade. In fact, many "biological intruders" just hitchhike in international trade to achieve the purpose of "smuggling". Take the current global fresh fruit and vegetable trade as an example. There are many insects and insect eggs attached to these goods, including extremely harmful pests, such as Mediterranean fruit flies. Although the animal and plant quarantine centers of customs in various countries strictly guard against these pests, it is difficult to ensure that there are no "bugs" that escape the net because of the huge amount of imported and exported goods?

(6) Some biologists point out that once a certain "biological invader" gains a foothold in the new environment and multiplies on a large scale, its number will be difficult to control. Even in today's highly developed science and technology, people will still be helpless in the face of plants and animals with strong adaptability and reproductive ability.

At present, many countries in the world have begun to realize the seriousness of this problem and take corresponding measures.

1. Explain the added words in the text in combination with the context.

(1) Strange:

(2) Helpless:

2. In the early days of human civilization, why didn't it cause a serious imbalance in the ecosystem?

_____________________________________________________

3. The adverse consequences of "biological invaders" are: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

4. Please define "biological intruder" according to the content of the article and your own understanding. _________________________________________________________________________

5. What do you think are the characteristics of the explanatory language of this article? Please give an example. __________________________________________________________________________

6. Look at the following two materials, please read the above again and talk about your views on the migration of biological species.

Material (L): Some experts believe that human beings should not interfere with the migration process of biological species, because a species must follow the law of natural selection in the new environment. Although "biological invaders" can survive, they will also be restricted by various factors. The balance of nature will eventually be realized.

Material (2): In 2003, the invasion of alien pests in China became increasingly prominent, and Eupatorium adenophorum and ragweed spread in Liaoning and Yunnan, causing a total of 65.438+0.5 billion mu of forest damage. These places are completely encirclement and suppression of alien invasive creatures. ______________

Analysis: This Expo mainly introduces the harm of "biological invasion" to human beings, reminding people to pay attention to the environment and protect the ecological balance. Judging from the test questions, 1 examines the ability to interpret words in combination with specific language environment. Questions 2 and 3 examine the understanding of the content of the article. Question 4 examines the relevant knowledge of explanatory texts. Question 5 examines the linguistic features of expository writing. The sixth question is an open-ended question to strengthen students' understanding of species migration.

Answer:

Length (1) strange

② Metaphor has no choice.

2. Because in the early days of human civilization, the span of time and space was very limited, and there was little human intervention, it was difficult to form large-scale species migration, so it would not cause serious imbalance of the ecosystem.

3. Causing economic losses and threatening biological species.

4. "Biological invaders" refer to biological species that originally lived in a certain area and migrated to a new ecological environment by unnatural means.

5. Explain the language features:

Vivid images;

(2) accuracy; for instance

6. Have access to materials and selected articles, and talk about my understanding of the migration of alien biological species. That makes sense, as long as the language is fluent.

Chapter 3: If a species is not restricted by many factors such as the competition of similar foods and the destruction of natural enemies in the new living environment, it is likely to multiply uncontrollably. 1988, several mussels (mollusks similar to mussels) originally living in the European continent were brought to the North American continent by a cargo ship. At that time, these "stowaways" mixed in the goods at the bottom of the warehouse did not attract the attention of the local people, and they were randomly abandoned in the waters near the Great Lakes. Unexpectedly, however, it has become a "paradise" for bamboo. Without the restriction of natural enemies, the amount of children's excrement in scallops has increased sharply, and the drainage pipes in the Great Lakes have almost been "occupied" by them. So far, people have spent billions of dollars to clean and replace pipelines. Long-horned beetles from Asia and red ants from South America are two other "invaders" that plague Americans. The former madly destroys trees in Chicago and new york, while the latter specializes in biting people and animals and spreading diseases.

"Biological invaders" not only cause immeasurable economic losses to human beings, but also pose a great threat to other species and species diversity in the invaded areas. During World War II, palm tree snakes settled in Guam with a military cargo ship. This tree-dwelling reptile specializes in birds, nests and eggs. Since World War II, nine species of native birds in Guam 1 1 have been wiped out by brown snakes, and the number of the only two species is decreasing day by day, which is in danger of extinction at any time. Some biologists have seen palm snakes six times on the plane from Guam to Hawaii. They warned that there are no natural enemies on the island of Hawaii that can inhibit the reproduction of palm snakes. Once the palm tree snake settled in Hawaii, the birds on the island would be extinct.

1. Please choose the appropriate verbs to fill in the brackets.

Sneak, swallow, prey and occupy

2. How to understand "This place has become a scallop?" ? Heaven? What role does the word "scene" play in the sentence?

3. Why should the first paragraph emphasize the two conditions of "no competition from similar foods" and "no harm from natural enemies" during the formation of "biological invaders"?

4. In the first paragraph, two examples are used to illustrate its harm. Please tell me what is the difference between the authors in the arrangement of materials.

5. "Biological invaders? It not only causes immeasurable economic losses to human beings, but also poses a great threat to other species and species diversity in the invaded areas. What role do you play in this paper? Is the sentence "and the diversity of species" repetitive and can it be removed? Why?

Four, poetry dictation 1, Du Fu's two poems "Looking at Yue" encourage us to aim high and strive for self-improvement, and create the future with the ambition and spirit of overlooking everything. 2. Wang Wei's famous sentence "There is a picture in the poem" in "Going to the East" is:

(with relevant answers)

1. According to the first paragraph, give the definition of "biological intruder".

Biological invader refers to a creature who originally lived in a foreign country and migrated to a new environment in an unnatural way, destroying a new ecosystem.

2. What does the dash in the first paragraph do? A: Explain.

3. Why are "immigrants" who move to a new ecological environment called "invaders"?

A: Because they not only destroy the original ecosystem, but also may cause immeasurable economic losses to human society.

What do you mean by "all these" in the second paragraph? Mark the text with a "~" line.

A: Under natural conditions, dandelion seeds ... settle down. ...

5. What method of interpretation is used in paragraph (3)? A: Examples, figures and metaphors.

6. What does the example of "scallop" in paragraph (3) mean?

A: It shows that in the new living environment, if it is not restricted by similar food competition, natural enemy injury and many other factors, it may multiply uncontrollably, causing harm and loss to human beings.

7. Can the added words in the sentence "Up to now, people have spent billions of dollars to clean and replace pipelines ..." be deleted and why?

A: No, if it is deleted, it means that people only spent one billion yuan cleaning and replacing pipelines, which is not in line with the actual situation. On the contrary, it can better reflect the accuracy and rigor of the explanation language.

8. In paragraph (4), "biological invaders" not only cause immeasurable economic losses to human beings, but also pose a great threat to other species and species diversity in the invaded areas. "What role does it play in the article? A: It plays a connecting role.

9. In the fourth paragraph, what are the hazards of "biological invaders"?

A: ① It has caused immeasurable economic losses to mankind. ② It poses a great threat to other species and species diversity in the invaded area.

10, aiming at the reasons and ways of the increase of "biological invaders", put forward one or several preventive measures.

Answer: ① Increase people's awareness of preventing "biological invaders". ② Strict entry-exit inspection and immunization.

The fourth ring (1) 1. Does the migration of biological species mentioned in this paper completely conform to what we usually call the law of natural survival? A: Not exactly. The survival law of nature: Under normal circumstances, species migration is purely natural and does not depend on external forces. The migration of this kind of biological species mentioned in this paper is caused by human forces and does not conform to the normal law of species reproduction in nature.

2. What explanation does the author use to talk about the harm caused by "biological invaders" to human beings? A: Examples and figures.

(2) Reading test 1. Predation; Sneak attack; swallow

2. "Surprise" means unexpected. It means that due to people's negligence, the number of several kinds of scallops has increased sharply, and almost all the drainage pipes in the Great Lakes have been "occupied", which is unexpected.

3. The natural existence and development of organisms have certain laws, which are summarized as "natural selection" and "survival of the fittest" by British biologist Darwin. If it is "free from the competition of the same kind of food" and "free from the harm of natural enemies", then "biological invaders" can breed unrestrained and flood wantonly, causing serious harm and threat to human beings.

4. The author pays attention to the details in the arrangement of these two cases. The first example explains "Banbei" in detail, in which "several" is compared with "billions" to show its great harm; The second case "Anoplophora longicorn and red ants" is briefly described, mainly explaining its harm.

5. It plays a connecting role in this paper. This is not a duplicate and cannot be deleted. This sentence means that "biological invaders" not only pose a threat to other species in the invaded area, but also pose a threat to "species diversity", which makes the species in the biological world decrease day by day.