Zhan Tianyou's life story

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Zhan Tianyou was born on March 17th, 11th year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (186 1 April 26th). Guangdong Nanhai people, Nanhai county people.

In the 25th year of Qing Qianlong (1760), his great-grandfather Wan Bang moved to guangzhou fu with his family from Wuyuan County, Huizhou Prefecture because of business.

In the 25th year of Qing Jiaqing (1820), he applied for naturalization in Nanhai County and was approved by Nanhai County Government. Father Zhan makes a living by writing letters and engraving seals.

From the first year to the tenth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1862 to 187 1), Zhan Tianyou studied in a private school in his early years.

In the 11th year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1872), Hong Rong, a patriotic and innovative thinker, sent young children to study abroad in order to introduce western learning and innovate society. After being approved, he went to Hong Kong to recruit 120 young children. Persuaded by his close friend Tan Bo (a native of Xiangshan, Guangzhou, who travels to and from Macau on business), Hong Xing and his wife decided to send their children to apply for children to go abroad. The youngest son was admitted to go abroad, followed Hong Rong from Hongkong to Shanghai, entered the preparatory class of Shanghai Foreign Affairs Bureau, and studied Chinese with Chen Lanbin and English with Hong Rong. 1872, he went to the United States with the first batch of 30 young children, including Tsai Shou Kee and Liang Dunyan.

In the 12th year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1873), Zhan Tianyou entered West Haven Primary School in Connecticut, USA. Boarding with the principal. L H Northrop).

In the 13th year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1874), the China International Students' Office built a building in Collins Street, Hadford, USA, for the accommodation of teachers and students, and strictly supervised students to learn Chinese. Continue to study at Westhaven Elementary School.

After three years of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1877), he continued to study in Hillhouse Middle School in New Haven.

Guangxu graduated from Hillhouse Middle School in New Haven in the fourth year (1878), ranking second in the school. He was admitted to the Department of Civil Engineering, Sheffield Institute of Technology, Yale University, majoring in railway engineering.

In the fifth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1879), he got excellent results in Yale University and won the first prize in mathematics.

In the sixth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1880), he continued to study at Yale University and won the math prize again.

Returning to China to teach

In the seventh year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (188 1), he was a member of the Excellent Students Association of Yale University. Graduated from Yale University (when Yale studied for three years). The plan to continue the internship research for three years has not been carried out. The topic of graduation thesis is "Research on Wharf Crane". Return to China immediately after graduation. At that time, the Qing government ordered the early withdrawal of students studying in the United States. 188 1 Only two China students graduated. The other is Ouyang Geng. After returning to China, he was sent to Fuzhou Shipping Bureau to learn to drive naval vessels, with excellent results and five military exploits.

In the eighth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1882), he graduated from Fuzhou Shipping Bureau and was sent to the warship "Wu Yang" for training as an intern crew with the first place.

Young Zhan Tianyou.

In the ninth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1883), he continued to drill on the warship [8] and served as an intern crew member.

From February to June in the 10th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1884), he served as a post-school teacher of Fuzhou Shipping Bureau. Because of his outstanding teaching, he was awarded five wearing awards by the Qing government. June+10, 5438, invited by Zhang Zhidong, he returned to Guangdong and taught foreign languages in Guangdong practical learning hall (later renamed Guangdong erudite hall) in Huangpu, Guangzhou.

In the 11th year of Guangxu reign (1885), he continued to teach in Guangdong Boxuetang.

In the 12th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1886), he continued to teach in Guangdong erudite museum. Establishing coastal battery and drawing Guangdong coastal map (the first map of China)

In the 13th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1887), he continued to work in Guangdong Boxue Museum (later renamed Guangdong Land and Water Teachers College).

In the 13th year of Guangxu reign (1887), he married Tan Juzhen.

Building railway

In the 14th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1888), Mou, a classmate from Kaiping Mining Bureau studying in the United States, introduced him to Tianjin China Railway Company as an assistant worker, engaged in the track-laying project of Tangjin Railway.

In the 15th year of Guangxu (1889), he continued to be an engineer of China Railway Corporation, building the Tangshan-Guye Railway.

In the 16th year of Guangxu (1890), the Tangshan-Guye Railway was built.

In the 17th year of Guangxu reign (189 1), the railway from Guye to Shanhaiguan was built.

In the 18th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1892), the railway from Guye to Shanhaiguan was built.

In the 19th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1893), the Luanhe Railway Bridge, the most difficult project from Guye to Shanhaiguan, was built.

In the 20th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1894), the pier foundation of Luanhe Railway was successfully built for the first time in China, which solved the construction difficulties caused by Luanhe River flood in flood season that British engineers failed to solve, and attracted attention at home and abroad. This bridge is a steel beam with a hole of 17, with a total length of about 640 meters, which was the longest iron bridge in China at that time. Being elected to the British Institution of Civil Engineers is the beginning for China engineers to join this conference. Guye-Shanhaiguan Railway was completed and opened to traffic. The railway outside Shanhaiguan began to be built, and when it was repaired to Zhonghousuo (Suizhong), it was stopped because of the Sino-Japanese War.

In the 21st year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1895), he served as an engineer of Beiyang Railway Bureau, and led a team to survey and build the Tianjin-Lugou Railway (Tianjin-Lugou Bridge).

In the 22nd year of Guangxu (1896), he led the team to build the Jin-Lu Railway.

In the 23rd year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1897), due to the need for official titles, donations were made in Tongzhou according to the method of official donations by the Qing government.

In the 24th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1898), he served as an engineer in the General Administration of Internal and External Railways of Guanying and Jinzhou Special Section. From Zhonghou Station to the east, the Waiguan Railway was built. Popularize the use of compressed caisson method to build bridges such as Nver River.

In the 25th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1899), he worked as an engineer in Jinzhou Railway Station, and the Guanwai Railway was opened to traffic in Jinzhou. Presided over the construction of Yingkou railway branch line (Goubangzi to Yingkou).

In the 26th year of Guangxu reign in Qing dynasty (1900), Yingkou branch line was built, with the main line about 73km long. Assist in the railway affairs outside the customs.

In the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (190 1), the railway outside Guanwai was stopped, and Pingyi Railway was built, and the standard gauge of this road was adhered to.

In the 28th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1902), he was sent to take over the railway from the Russian empire, presided over the restoration project, and was quickly opened to traffic. He was appointed as the chief engineer of Xinyi Railway and started construction in February 65438.

In April of the 29th year of Guangxu (1903), Xinyi Railway was opened to traffic (43km long), which was completed two months earlier than originally planned. Father died of illness and went back to Guangdong to attend his father's funeral. When I was in Guangdong, I investigated the Chaoshan Railway (from Chaozhou to Shantou, 39 kilometers long). Later, the right to build roads was in the hands of the Japanese, so I resolutely left.

In the 30th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1904), he was hired as an engineering consultant by China Railway Corporation when passing through Shanghai on his way back to work.

Guangxu thirty-one years (1905) was sent to investigate Daoqing Railway. He served as the chief engineer of the official Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway and also served as the bureau manager [12]. In May, Xu Wen and Zhang Honghu, an engineering student, visited Zhangjiakou from Fengtai, returned in June, put forward the investigation report and construction method, and started construction in June. Mou and Yan Deqing, engineers studying in the United States, Chen Xilin, Zhai, Shen Qi, Chai and Yu Renfeng, engineers who graduated from the Railway Engineering Class of Tianjin Beiyang Military Equipment School (1893) for the first time, and engineering students of Shanhaiguan Railway School were invited to build the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. Put forward a statement to the Ministry of Commerce, suggesting that the standard gauge of 4 feet, 8 inches and a half (1.435 meters) should be adopted uniformly throughout the country, and the engineering standards should be unified, and Janney (excluding the translation commonly known as Janney) automatic couplers should be popularized. As a member of the Ministry of Commerce. Sun Mou and Kwong were appointed as representatives of China to attend the 7th international conference in the United States, but they were unable to attend the conference because of their busy work. Elected to the Royal Society of European Engineers and Architects in Shanghai.

In the thirty-second year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1906), the first section of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway (from Liucun to Nankou in Fengtai) was completed and opened to traffic, and transportation began. The construction of Nankou to Chadao City and Chadao City to Zhangjiakou was accelerated. The Guangdong-China Railway was invited back to Guangdong to take charge of this road. Due to the tight road schedule, one left to work as the chief engineer of the Yuehan Railway. To American friends, learn about the types of locomotives suitable for driving on large slopes, so as to solve the traction power problem of Guangou section of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. American friend Willis said that China is conducting expensive experiments to innovate. As an assistant examiner for returned overseas students. Jiangsu railway engineering consultant.

In the thirty-third year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1907), he was promoted to the general office and chief engineer of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. As a member of the postal service. Construction of Badaling Tunnel, a key project of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, started. The Yellow River Bridge on Beijing-Han Railway is under construction, and the person in charge of Henan Province specially invited to inspect this bridge project considering the safety of the river.

In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1908), Badaling Tunnel (109 1 m long) and Juyongguan Tunnel (367 m long) were completed. The powerful and safe Laclau explosive was used in excavation for the first time. Huailai River Bridge (7 steel beams, 2 10/0m long) was completed. In order to save cement, flaky was added to the pier concrete of each bridge in the whole railway. The Jingmen (Beijing to Mentougou) branch line (25 kilometers long) was built to help solve the problem of coal for locomotives.

He was appointed as the second-class consultant of the postal department of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway Planning and won the second-class merit. Zagreb's postal dispatching department went to the Senate Hall and took office in the Ministry, still serving as the chief engineer of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway Administration. Ren-Jin-Pu Railway attended the meeting. After the construction of Jin-Pu Railway, Shandong Province was afraid that the Yellow River Bridge would block the river and cause disasters. At the end of February, the Qing government sent it to examine and approve the design of Jinan Yellow River Bridge. The first section of the Sichuan-Han Railway, between Yichang and Wanxian, has rolling mountains. Extremely steep and abnormal. At the request of the people in Sichuan and Hubei provinces, it is responsible for this road project. Governor Chuan invited him to be the chief engineer of Lu Chuan. As the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was not completed, it was agreed to send a deputy to Yichang to prepare.

In the first year of Qing Dynasty (1909), the Investigation Report of Jinan Yellow River Bridge was put forward in 65438+ 10. Was sent to Shanghai-Jiaxing Railway for inspection. Comment on the road of "practical materials and harmonious construction" A driving ceremony will be held in May. The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was completed and opened to traffic (track laying to Zhangjiakou on July 4). On September 19, the postal department accepted the whole line to Zhangjiakou and held a tea party; On September 24, the whole train was opened; 65438+/KLOC-0 held a grand opening ceremony at Nankou on October 2), with a total length of about 200 kilometers, completed two years ahead of schedule, saving about 292,000 silver, with excellent quality and the lowest cost among domestic railways of the same level. The postal department uses the headquarters as a backup. Continue planning and construction of Zhang Sui Railway (Zhangjiakou to Suiyuan). He was appointed as the chief engineer and organizer of the Chuanhan Railway. Detailed arrangement of survey and construction work [7]. The groundbreaking ceremony of the Sichuan-Han Railway was held in Yichang on the 28th of the lunar calendar 10 (65438+February of the Gregorian calendar). It was a surprise that Chinese and foreign guests came to visit. As a consultant of the commercial Luotong Railway (from Luoyang to Tongguan, more than 230 kilometers), the mountain route from Kannonji to Shanzhou (50 kilometers) to Shaanxi was delineated on the spot, and the whole railway was planned to be built in three sections. He was elected as a member of American Society of Civil Engineers, Royal Society of Business Technology and Northern Society of Science and Literature.

In the second year of Qing Dynasty (19 10), the first bid section of Yiwan Project was built on the commercial Chuanhan Railway independently built by China engineers. Yiwan's plan along the Yangtze River was not adopted by the politicians, so we had to start construction according to the inland mountain line. /kloc-won the first prize of engineering scholar in October (Zhan Tianyou,,, Zheng Qinglian, Kuang Rongguang,, Yang won the engineering scholar; Kangren Zhang is a law scholar). Elected Prime Minister of Guangdong Yuehan Railway Corporation. On this basis, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications was appointed as Prime Minister and served as Chief Engineer. As a first-class consultant in the department, I am the examiner of foreign students who came back from the exam. I chatted with the candidates. I said that after learning some knowledge from abroad, I should make some contributions to the country and do something, not just be an official. Delegate and Kuang went to Switzerland to attend the 8th International Railway Conference. I can't attend the meeting because of my busy work.

In the third year of Xuantong in Qing Dynasty (19 1 1), Zhangjing and Zhang Sui railways were collectively called Zhangjing Zhang Sui Railway, and the General Engineering Bureau and Zhang Sui Engineering Office were established.

He went to Guangzhou to become the prime minister of Guangdong Province and became the chief engineer himself. Mou left Guangdong Road North and became the chief engineer of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. Guangzhou to Lidong is open to traffic (about 106 km long). In May, the Qing government forcibly nationalized the commercial railways. Chuanhan Railway was forced to stop work. In June, Guangdong Road Company called Sichuan Road Company and said that the Road Protection Office had been established. Ask Qi Xin to work together to protect the road. When the Revolution of 1911 broke out, all employees of Guangdong Yueshang Yuehan Railway Company held their posts, stopped dispersion, ensured the trains to run as usual, and greeted the Revolution of 1911 with practical actions.

Republic of China project

In May of the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), Dr. Sun Yat-sen greeted the inspection at Guangdong Commercial Yuehua Railway Company. In July, he was appointed president of the Guangdong-China Railway Association. In September, accompanied by chief engineer Mou, Sun Yat-sen inspected Beijing-Zhangjia Railway and Railway Engineering Bureau. 65438+February, President of Sichuan Railway Association. Was awarded the third-class golden harvest chapter. Established Guangdong Chinese Engineers Association in Guangzhou and was elected as the first president. At that time, foreign engineering circles studied and developed monorails, and gave a speech in Guangzhou to introduce the monorails developed abroad. Zhan Tianyou was elected as a member of the British Concrete Society. Zhan Tianyou, member of Ren Zhonghua National Railway Association. Guangzhou to Lianjiang was opened to traffic during the year (length 120 km).

In the second year of the Republic of China (19 13), in June of 18, he served as the technical director of the Ministry of Communications, presided over the national traffic technical work, and still served as the office of the Hanyuechuan Railway Association. Refuting the remarks that Renault, the German chief engineer of Guangyi Line, belittles and rejects China engineers. Maintained the status of China engineers and the sovereignty of road construction. The book Standard Drawing of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was published by China Engineers Association. Creative Guangdong China Engineers' Association, Shanghai Workers' Association and Shanghai Road Workers' Association merged to form Hankou China Engineers' Association and was elected as the first president.

In the third year of the Republic of China (19 14), Zhan Tianyou was appointed as the Technical Supervision Bureau of the Ministry of Communications to supervise the Sichuan Railway. In view of the serious difficulties of insufficient foreign loans, we made unified planning, calculated according to the quantity, rushed to repair the Changsha section of Wuchang on the Xiang 'e line of Yuehan Road and the Zaoshi section of Hankou on the Hanyi line of Chuanhan Railway, and determined the Yikui line. Rename Guangyi Line to Hanyi Line. The Zhangjiakou-Datong section of Zhang Sui Railway was completed. In a speech delivered by the president of Hankou European and American Alumni Association, he called on young people to "learn from each other and know everything to make the country rich and strong, free from foreign aggression and stand on the earth." Zhan Tianyou was elected as a member of the British Railway Track Institute. Zhan Tianyou was elected as the president of Hankou Disaster Relief Association because of the floods in eastern Guangdong, and made many donations, which was heard by all walks of life.

In the fourth year of the Republic of China (19 15), the Zhangjiakou-Datong section of Zhang Sui Railway (long 182 km) was opened to traffic and won an award. Datong-Fengzhen section was completed during the year. During the period of railway construction in Zhang Sui, due to insufficient quantities, road construction bonds were issued. In order to finance the construction of Zhang Sui Railway, I will try my best to buy bonds from my daily savings. He won the prize for his outstanding contribution in issuing public bonds. After the re-survey of Yi-Kui line and Chengdu line is completed, the determined lines are roughly parallel to the Yangtze River, and the inland lines in mountainous areas used in the original commercial Sichuan-Han railway are cut straight. The scheme around Luzhou in Chengdu-Chongqing survey was guided and corrected. Due to Hanyi project, the route is shortened and the construction of appropriate sections is slowed down. Zhan Tianyou was re-elected as President of China Institution of Engineers. This firm statement was not agreed. Rename China Institution of Engineers to China Institution of Engineers. Zhan Tianyou's newly edited "Chinese-English Engineering Vocabulary" and "Brief Introduction and Drawings of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway Project" were published by China Institution of Engineers. Donate printing expenses. Guangdong was once again affected by the disaster and continued to donate money, which was right by the villagers.

Statue of Zhan Tianyou

In the fifth year of the Republic of China (19 16), track laying began between Wuchang and Changsha. Zhan Tianyou went to Beijing to discuss the loan renewal with foreign banks and put forward the project cost plan. The banks in Britain, France and the United States reached an agreement with their own governments. Beijing-Zhangjiakou-Zhang Sui Railway was named Beijing-Suiyuan Railway. Guangdong-China Railway Guangzhou-Shaoguan (224 km long) opened to traffic. Zhan Tianyou once served as the deputy spokesperson of the Transportation Conference of the Ministry of Communications, presiding over more than one decision-making case 100. China Institution of Engineers moved from Hankou to Beijing, and Zhan Tianyou donated money to buy a house. Zhan Tianyou was awarded a silver medal by the Ministry of the Interior. Zhan Tianyou was awarded the doctor of law degree by the University of Hong Kong, and accepted it personally after the traffic meeting in June 19 16, and wrote to Yale University in the United States, saying that all academic honors should be attributed to his alma mater, Yale University. Yale University planned to award degrees on the 35th anniversary of 188 1 graduating class, but Zhan Tianyou was unable to return to school due to busy business.

In the sixth year of the Republic of China (19 17), Zhan Tianyou was the president of the Railway Technical Committee of the Ministry of Communications, a member of the Transportation Research Association, an honorary member of the Railway Law Review Association and a member of the Transportation Conference. Zhan Tianyou was awarded the Medal of Honor by the Ministry of Communications for his outstanding performance in presiding over the traffic conference. The Zaoshi section of Chuanhan Road in Hankou was shut down due to the freeze of German loans, and the subgrade 164 km and some bridge houses were built in Hankou from Zaoshi to Yangjiayuan. Zhang Xun was forcibly declared as Minister of Postal Communications. Zhan Tianyou refused to take office in Hankou. Zhan Tianyou was re-elected as President of China Institution of Engineers. Elected as honorary president of Traffic Congbao.

In the seventh year of the Republic of China (19 18), the Changsha section of the Guangdong-Chinese railway was opened to traffic (365 kilometers long) and connected with the completed Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan section. Zhan Tianyou won the second-class Baoguang Jiahezhang from Wuhan to Zhuzhou (4 16 km long). Zhan Tianyou published the article "Warning to Young Engineers", which placed high hopes on young people. Zhan Tianyou was re-elected president of China Institution of Engineers. Zhan Tianyou donated $100 to the society, offering a reward for essay writing and encouraging academic research activities.

Illness and death

On behalf of China, the Peace Conference opposes international control of the China Railway. He was appointed to represent China at the International Conference on Joint Supervision of Far East Railway. In February, I went to Vladivostok and Harbin to attend meetings. During the meeting, I braved the cold to attend the meeting and studied documents and bills at night. I'm afraid my sovereignty will be damaged. With high international prestige, I cooperated with the representatives of China who attended the meeting, and obtained the right to guard the China army along Zhongdong Road, which prevented the powers from taking Zhongdong Road by force in the name of protecting the road. And got a job as an engineer in China, Zhongdong Road. Because of fatigue, exhaustion and recurrence of old abdominal diseases, I had to ask for leave to see a doctor. 1965438+Arrived in Hankou on April 20th, 2009, and was admitted to Yan Chai Hospital on April 20th, 2 1. On the 24th, he died of heart failure due to serious abdominal diseases, at the age of 58. A dying will is not as good as an individual's, stating three things to the country: first, encouraging and carrying forward the activities of the Institute of Engineers to rejuvenate the country and enrich the people; Second, carefully select talents to manage Russia in order to carry forward national glory; Third, do what you can, do what you can, and build the whole road of Han, Vietnam and Sichuan in a down-to-earth manner. He also said that the above three things are the inexhaustible blood of God. If adopted by the state, God bless will die, but it will be a year of hesitation.

After Zhan Tianyou's death, public sacrifices were held in Beijing, Hankou, Guangzhou, Shanghai and Tianjin, and the Far East Railway Conference paid tribute. More than 500 people, including the China Institution of Engineers headed by Mou, the Beijing-Suiyuan Railway Association headed by Ding Shiyuan, and the Hunan-Hubei Railway Engineering Bureau of Hanyuechuan Railway headed by Yan Deqing, signed a letter to present Zhan Tianyou's life story, saying that "it is a pity to take advantage of peerless glory".

Zhan Tianyou's life story can be found in Baidu Encyclopedia Zhan Tianyou/Subview/8594/1kloc-0/63290.htm.