Do you need to supplement DHA during pregnancy? What are the precautions?

Hello, I'm glad to answer your question. The food sources of DHA are fish (especially marine fish), seafood, egg yolk, algae and so on. (Other foods contain almost no DHA), among which fish bear the brunt. It is recommended to eat fish at least 2-3 times a week in the second and third trimester, and eat fatty marine fish at least once, each time 100- 150g, and every day 1 egg to enhance DHA intake. Try to choose relatively safe salmon and sardines, and carefully choose swordfish, marlin and tuna with high mercury risk. In addition, eat some seaweed such as kelp, seaweed and Undaria pinnatifida.

Flaxseed oil and perilla seed oil are rich in α -linolenic acid. It is recommended that pregnant women use linseed oil or perilla seed oil instead of part of edible oil, such as 5- 10g per day. Flaxseed, hemp seed and pumpkin seed are also good plant sources of α -linolenic acid. If the diet can't meet the recommended intake of DHA, you can choose to add DHA to pregnant women's milk powder or special DHA nutritional supplements.

Therefore, eating more fish, shrimp and seafood after pregnancy can basically meet the needs of DHA. As for other ways to supplement health care products, it is not necessary, but now people pay special attention to giving birth to a healthy and intelligent baby. It's not a bad thing to add some, at least it will be psychologically comforting.

I hope my answer can help you!

The answer is yes. In the fetal period, the sources of fetal DHA mainly come from maternal reserve, direct supply of dietary fiber during pregnancy and synthesis of α -linolenic acid in diet.

Medical research shows that if the mother can supplement enough DHA during pregnancy, DHA in the mother can enter the fetus through the placenta, helping the baby to quickly build brain and retinal lipids. Therefore, it is best for expectant mothers to eat more DHA food or supplement DHA nutrition during pregnancy to lay a good foundation for the baby's intelligent development, such as Huiyouxi seaweed oil soft capsule.

High level of DHA is the key to the development of fetal brain, and it is also the nutrient for the establishment of synaptic information exchange center in cerebral cortex. Without it, it will be impossible to establish more synapses, dendrites or receptors to expand the potential of the brain, which is extremely unfavorable to the development of the fetal brain. It will bring long-term benefits if enough DHA can be supplemented in the fetal and infant stages.

Even after birth, DHA supplementation does not need to stop. Experiments show that DHA supplementation in infancy will significantly improve children's cognitive ability after 6 years old. So to sum up, it is very necessary for mothers to supplement DHA in the fetal period. After the child is born, they can continue to supplement DHA for the child to promote the child's intellectual and visual development.

Pregnant, do you need to take some DHA supplements?

With the improvement of living standards, people's awareness of health care during pregnancy has also improved a lot. In addition to a balanced diet, many pregnant mothers also eat various health care products and supplements. Among them, DHA is a particularly popular pregnancy supplement. Many pregnant mothers don't even know what DHA is. They just hoarded a lot when they saw the advertisement saying it was good for the baby.

Pregnant, is it necessary to take DHA supplements? Sesame sauce is going to talk about this topic today.

What is DHA?

DHA, the full name of docosahexaenoic acid, belongs to ω-3 essential fatty acid. The so-called "necessity" means that the human body cannot synthesize itself and can only get it through food. DHA is an important structural fatty acid in the brain, which plays an important role in the growth and development of nerve cells and retinal cells.

What is the daily DHA requirement of pregnant women?

There is no uniform standard for how much DHA pregnant women need to consume every day. For example, the dietary DHA intake of pregnant women is recommended to be 300mg per day in Canada, while it is recommended to be 200mg per day in most European countries (such as Spanish, German and Hungarian), and 200mg per day by the expert group of DHA supplementation for pregnant women and infants in China.

In fact, the amount of DHA consumed by pregnant women through diet fluctuates greatly. According to some surveys, the average daily intake of DHA in pregnant women in China is 4 1 ~ 93mg, which generally fails to meet the recommended standards. Among them, there are great regional differences, which have a great relationship with the diet structure of various places.

Although there is no unified evidence that DHA supplementation has obvious benefits for pregnant women, many guides and experts at home and abroad still suggest that pregnant women should maintain appropriate DHA intake. To supplement DHA, we must first consider the source of diet. If we really can't get enough DHA from our diet, we can also consider supplementing DHA as an option.

What are the foods rich in DHA?

DHA-rich foods are mainly fish and shrimp, which is also strongly recommended meat during pregnancy. Among them, mackerel, sardines, salmon, tuna, squid, perch, whitebait, lobster and shrimp are all seafood with low mercury content and high DHA content, which is especially suitable for pregnant mothers.

Pregnant mothers should pay attention to eating seafood: be sure to choose products with low mercury content and high DHA content; Shrimp must be thoroughly cooked before eating; It is advisable to steam, so that the loss of DHA is much less than that of barbecue and frying; Eat more fish meat instead of drinking more fish soup. Nutrition is in the fish.

In addition to seafood such as fish and shrimp, pregnant mothers can also eat some foods fortified with omega-3 fatty acids to obtain DHA, such as some milk, yogurt and grains.

Sesame sauce summary:

Food is the best way to supplement nutrition during pregnancy, and the growth and development of the fetus is based on the reasonable and balanced diet of pregnant mothers. If pregnant mothers already have enough fish and seafood in their daily diet, there is no need to worry about whether DHA is enough.

Of course, if you feel that there are too few foods rich in DHA in your diet, it is ok to add some DHA. At least you can feel at ease, and the mood of pregnant mothers is also very important.

Is it necessary to eat DHA during pregnancy? It is necessary, but you should make a reasonable supplement in a scientific way.

DHA is an unsaturated fatty acid, commonly known as brain gold, which can promote the development of human brain and improve memory. Reasonable intake of expectant mothers during pregnancy can prevent premature delivery, ensure the normal growth and development of the fetus, ensure the good development of the fetal retina and improve the baby's immunity.

To sum up, it is necessary to supplement DHA during pregnancy.

There is an old saying in China: Too much is too late. DHA supplementation is also applicable. Excessive intake of DHA will affect the baby's hematopoietic function and have a certain reaction to the formation of platelets, but it will reduce the baby's immune ability.

Deep-sea fish (such as sardines, tuna, saury, hairtail, etc. ), fish oil, walnuts, cashews, hazelnuts, peanuts, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds and other nut foods, deep-sea algae, animal liver, meat, eggs and so on all contain good DHA. No extra DHA was added during pregnancy. Pay attention to my daily diet, you can make my baby grow up healthily.

For Ma Bao who has severe vomiting and partial eclipse during pregnancy, DHA should be supplemented under the guidance of a doctor. Please follow the doctor's advice for details.

Although DHA is called the brain gold of brain development, generally speaking, pregnant mothers with a balanced diet do not need to supplement DHA specially, because many foods contain DHA.

Should pregnant women pay special attention to DHA supplementation? Generally, expectant mothers need to supplement folic acid and DHA in time from the moment they know that they are pregnant. After all, the fetal brain is formed at this stage.

In addition, pregnant women can supplement DHA without buying nutritional products, and natural food can also supplement DHA beneficial to fetal brain.

Foods that usually contain DHA mainly include: deep-sea fish, walnuts, egg yolk and so on. Expectant mothers can eat sea fish 2~3 times a week and insist on eating 1~2 walnuts every day, so there is generally no shortage of DHA. And the fetus can develop and grow better.

In short, there is no need to pay special attention to DHA supplementation during pregnancy. Expectant mothers usually have a balanced diet.

DHA is the hottest topic in recent years.

Make-up or not make-up is a question.

Many parents said: "I heard that the more DHA you eat, the smarter your baby will be." We can't let your children lose at the starting line. We must make up for it! "

I firmly believe that rumors don't necessarily end with wise people, but they must start with "mental retardation".

In fact, the exaggerated propaganda of DHA by unscrupulous advertisers is the chief culprit that leads to the misunderstanding of DHA.

So, is DHA really a smarter baby? What is it and what does it do? When and how to make up for it?

Today, I will talk to you about DHA that we sought after in those years.

What is DHA? What's the role?

DHA, whose full name is docosahexaenoic acid, is an unsaturated fatty acid which is very important to human body and belongs to a kind of fat. DHA is an important component of the brain and retina, and it is also the main component to promote and maintain the growth of cells in the nervous system. Its main function is to promote the development of baby's brain and vision. The human body itself cannot synthesize DHA, and it must be obtained from the outside world.

Are you a little confused?

It doesn't matter if you don't understand, just extract the keywords, then transform the combination, and finally carry out logical transformation.

Surprise!

Yes, you guessed it. This is how the merchants set you up.

Therefore, there is no saying that the more you make up, the smarter you are. This is just a word game.

Just because DHA is a component of brain cells, it began to make a fuss. The main component of brain cells is water! So being insane doesn't mean being extremely smart?

Breaking rumors and facing DHA directly.

Therefore, there is no scientific basis for saying that the more DHA supplements, the smarter the baby will be. We should correctly understand DHA from the following three points:

After reading the above explanation, everyone understands that DHA is just a kind of fat, not a special nutrient. For the human body, nothing can be less, and there is no favoritism.

Therefore, DHA is equal to other fats in source.

But why don't other fats get so much attention?

There are two reasons.

Therefore, it is people's awe of the brain, an organ that symbolizes IQ, and their fear of not being able to synthesize it that contributes to DHA's dominant position.

In fact, DHA itself is not magical or special.

It is a businessman with a wrong mentality who regards it as a milestone in the TV series.

The word "more is better" is extremely suitable for wages, fat reduction, paid holidays and other categories, but DHA supplementation is not feasible.

Because the human body's demand for DHA is particularly small, no matter how much you supplement it, it will eventually be consumed as fat. Although, to a certain extent, no matter how much DHA is supplemented, it will not cause too much harm to the human body, but if DHA is supplemented in large quantities for a long time, it will also increase the metabolic burden of the kidney, which is not conducive to health.

The good wishes you throw in RMB are on the same level as the fat meat. Did you say your heart is blocked?

Although DHA plays a key role in brain development, IQ is not only linked to DHA, but also closely related to congenital inheritance, acquired education and other factors.

Iq is an extremely complicated thing, which can't be decided by a simple diet.

Like my husband, I have been married for several years, and I still can't tell the difference between plain makeup and plain makeup. He ignores the inheritance of his low IQ and only wants to improve his child's IQ by supplementing DHA, and I don't know who gave him courage.

Maybe ... Fish Leong.

How to meet the human body's demand for DHA?

Although DHA is not a panacea to make your baby smart, the lack of DHA will still affect the normal development of your baby's brain.

For the baby, the DHA he needs comes from the direct supply of the expectant mother. For a breast-fed baby, the DHA he needs comes from breast milk, which is the best source of DHA. Therefore, for mothers who have given birth to babies, it is best for everyone to choose breastfeeding.

If there is no way to breastfeed because of some special circumstances, you can also give your baby formula containing DHA, which can also meet the needs of your baby's development.

Based on this, it is particularly important for expectant mothers and lactating mothers to properly supplement DHA. As for the supplementary way, the first choice is food supplement.

China Nutrition Society suggests that expectant mothers and lactating mothers can provide their babies with enough DHA if they consume not less than 200mg of DHA every day.

I'll give you some other foods rich in DHA, and you can also add them to your diet appropriately.

Deep-sea fish: tuna, salmon, salmon, sardines, tuna, yellow croaker, saury, eel, hairtail, etc.

Seaweed: seaweed, Undaria pinnatifida, kelp, Undaria pinnatifida, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, etc.

Others: shrimp, crab, shellfish, egg yolk, pregnant women's milk powder containing DHA, etc.

In addition, I think you should have heard that eating nuts such as walnuts can also replenish the brain. In fact, the principle is that α -linolenic acid contained in walnuts can be converted into DHA in human body to promote brain development, but it needs to be reminded that this conversion rate is extremely low and cannot be used as the first choice for complementary food.

Of course, knowing what to eat is not enough, but also knowing how to eat. You can choose to eat 2-3 meals a week, 1 meal or more is high-fat marine fish, and eat 1 egg every day, so that the DHA obtained from food is enough to meet the needs of you and your baby.

However, when eating fish, we should pay more attention to cooking techniques, because DHA mainly exists in fish fat, so we should maximize the preservation of fish fat.

Different cooking methods make the DHA content in fish from high to low, namely steaming, stewing, roasting and frying.

In general, it is recommended that you steam the fish as much as possible before stewing or roasting, but it is best not to fry the fish. Because in the process of grilled fish, the fat loss of fish is the fastest.

Finally, to sum up, if expectant mothers or lactating mothers eat a balanced diet and often eat deep-sea fish, then there is no need to supplement DHA for breast-fed babies and babies who drink DHA-containing formula milk powder.

When to add DHA preparation?

Having said that, there must be many expectant mothers or lactating mothers wondering, if DHA can be supplemented by complementary food, why are there so many manufacturers selling DHA preparations?

Hegel said that existence is reasonable. So let me explain to you when it is necessary to add DHA preparation.

……

To sum up, as long as the dietary structure is unbalanced, DHA preparations can be added to meet the body's demand for DHA.

After all, even if DHA is slightly supplemented, it is not harmful to the body. With the addition of DHA preparation, mothers can at least feel at ease.

How to choose DHA preparation?

Regarding how to choose DHA preparation, you can refer to the following methods.

The DHA preparations on the market are mixed, so I suggest that you choose some well-known big brands first, instead of relying solely on your own intuition or blindly following other people's suggestions.

After all, you and the liar are probably separated by a circle of friends.

Although big brands may not be completely safe and reliable, they are relatively reliable compared with other small manufacturers.

Everyone must read the packaging of the goods carefully before buying. The packaging of regular manufacturers will be clearly marked with trademarks, manufacturer names, production dates, production batch numbers and other categories. I think everyone has suffered more or less from the "three noes" or cottage products. Eating a mistake may not necessarily gain wisdom, but at least you must have the ability to read and understand.

In addition to general categories such as trademarks and production dates, you can also check whether various food safety certifications, hygiene licenses and other information are marked on the packaging. At present, products with health food marks approved by the Ministry of Health are all supervised by the state, which requires higher quality and stability and will be safer.

For example, you can see if there is a sign of "Police Tactical Unit" on the package. If there is a "police mobile unit" logo, it means that it is a health food approved by the state.

You know, those who get a license are just different from those who don't.

("Police Tactical Unit" sign)

DHA can be divided into fish oil and algae, and algae is the most direct source of DHA, because fish oil contains DHA and fish eat algae.

The advantages of algae DHA are obvious It is pure natural and botanical, with strong antioxidant capacity, high DHA content and extremely low EPA content.

On the other hand, heavy metals such as lead and mercury may remain in fish oil DHA, which is active, easily oxidized and fishy, and has high EPA content.

There is really no contrast, no harm.

The EPA mentioned above is a substance with vasodilating and anticoagulant effects, which is beneficial to the elderly, but not suitable for special groups such as mothers, lactating mothers and babies.

Therefore, for this kind of special population, seaweed oil DHA preparation is still the first choice.

In addition to the outer packaging, everyone should also learn to see the essence through the phenomenon. You can see the clarity of the liquid through the capsule. Generally speaking, the relatively pure DHA algae oil is a clear and transparent oily liquid. If the liquid is turbid, it means the purity is low.

Therefore, everyone should try to choose DHA preparations with higher clarity.

In addition to clarity, you can also look at the color of the liquid. The high-purity DHA solution of seaweed oil will appear bright orange-yellow, while the low-purity DHA preparation solution will be relatively shallow.

So, if you really don't know how to choose, just choose a bright color.

Pure DHA seaweed oil will have a fresh smell of kelp or seaweed. If it smells fishy, either there is something wrong with the quality of the product or it contains stale fish oil or seaweed oil, so the product can be eliminated immediately.

In addition to considering the quality of the product, there is also a function to ensure that the mother or baby can eat it smoothly. Even if it is not fishy, even if it is other strange smells, it will greatly affect the taste.

Although there are ways to choose DHA preparations, the principle that everyone should follow when adding DHA preparations is to listen to the doctor's advice.

The doctor will make professional judgments according to your situation, such as when to start giving supplements to expectant mothers, when to make supplements, and so on.

In addition, some DHA preparations not only contain DHA, but also contain other nutrients. If you eat blindly, it is likely to cause excessive supplementation of some nutrients, which is not good for your health.

Therefore, everyone should listen to the doctor and avoid making their own decisions.

Tips:

Again, I want to tell you that fish oil and cod liver oil are not the same thing. Fish oil is a DHA supplement and cod liver oil is a vitamin A and D supplement, which are two different things.

Finally, I will give you a trick, that is, a balanced diet. Expectant mothers or lactating mothers who can eat deep-sea fish to supplement DHA do not need to supplement DHA preparations, nor do babies who breastfeed or drink DHA formula powder.

Of course, if you feel uneasy, then choose to add seaweed oil DHA preparation according to your doctor's advice.

When I was pregnant with Eva, I heard all kinds of voices of doubt and even disdain.

"Oh, you this little girl is melodramatic now, fill this fill that one day. We didn't think about anything at that time. Didn't that child grow up healthy? I didn't see it because I didn't eat DHA! "

"I really think of myself as an ancestor when I am pregnant with a child. This can't be done. You have credit. The whole family has to wait on you! "

"Police big things you finally come, you think you are pregnant with Nezha! How expensive is it? "

I thought of a sentence in Please Answer 1988. Deshan's father said to Deshan, "Dad, it's also the first time to be a father."

This sentence, for mom, also applies.

The reason why we are anxious and nervous is not because we are melodramatic, nor because we have money, but because this is our first time as a mother.

We try our best to give our children the best. Children have no right to choose their parents, but parents can choose to make their children a healthy and happy baby.

We don't want to leave irreparable regrets for our children.

After all, the treasure earned by our eight generations of blessings has no venture capital.

For me, I try my best to pay. I just hope that when my child grows up, I can sincerely say, "Mom, it's very kind of you!" " "

That's enough.

DHA is docosahexaenoic acid, which belongs to unsaturated fatty acid. It is an indispensable and important substance in the development of human brain, retina and nervous system.

It is necessary to supplement DHA reasonably during pregnancy.

What role and benefits does DHA have for pregnant women and fetuses? First, DHA is an important substance that constitutes brain cells and retinal cells. Appropriate DHA supplementation for pregnant women can promote the development of brain neurons, grow more dendrites and make babies smarter.

Secondly, DHA can promote the maturation of retinal nerve cells, contribute to the development of fetal eyes and vision, and also have a certain preventive effect on the decline of vision during pregnancy.

Third, improve fetal immunity. DHA can inhibit the formation of inflammatory substances and has anti-inflammatory effect. It can also replicate the virus and help the fetus improve its resistance, which is not easy to be attacked by colds and infections.

Fourthly, DHA can also prolong pregnancy and reduce the risk of premature delivery.

An experiment shows that DHA plays an important role in fetal brain development, because it can reach brain cells through the blood-brain barrier, while other unsaturated fatty acids cannot.

How do pregnant women supplement DHA? Dietary DHA supplementation during pregnancy is the best way:

1. Eat more deep-sea fish and algae, such as salmon, hairtail, cod, tuna and kelp.

2. Eat more nuts, such as walnuts, peanuts and sesame seeds.

3, eat olive oil properly, you can also add DHA.

Don't overdo it. DHA is a good thing, but it has a negative effect on the fetus. Not only can it not improve intelligence, but it may also make the baby's immunity worse after birth, so it is actually enough to eat complementary food at ordinary times.

Of course, it is not impossible to take DHA health care products directly, but on the one hand, the safety needs to be verified, and on the other hand, the supplementary effect of oral capsules is not as good as that of eating natural foods, so pregnant women had better take them under the guidance of doctors.

Of course, DHA also needs to be supplemented during pregnancy. Pregnant mothers have at least the following benefits: the first benefit: promoting the development of fetal brain and nerve tissue; The second benefit: promoting the development and maturity of fetal visual photoreceptor cells; The third benefit: it is to prevent pregnant mothers from suffering from depression during pregnancy.

DHA is a polyunsaturated fatty acid, which accounts for about 20% in human cerebral cortex, but only accounts for more than 50% in retina of eyes. Therefore, the clinical pediatrics in China has already linked the brain development and visual development of infants with DHA.

In addition, through clinical research, DHA can prevent pregnant mothers from depression during pregnancy. Because DHA can effectively increase the content of serotonin in the brain, if serotonin decreases, pregnant mothers are prone to depression and irritability. Therefore, one mother and two people supplement DHA during pregnancy, killing two birds with one stone!

Does DHA supplementation during pregnancy make your baby smarter? I will. But not absolutely.

As mentioned above, DHA can promote the development of fetal brain and vision, especially in the fetal period, and can promote the division and proliferation of fetal brain nerve cells. The number of brain cells directly determines the baby's brain capacity. The more brain cells, the larger the volume, the richer the sulcus tissue and the more frequent the connections between neurons, the smarter the baby will be.

However, the baby's intelligence also has a lot to do with parents' education and guidance. There are so many top candidates in the college entrance examination, but there are no industry leaders. This is also the truth. Because judging whether a person is smart, besides learning ability, there are also social experience and ability to do things. What determines how far a person goes must be the comprehensive ability of IQ+EQ.

DHA is mainly hidden in deep-sea fish and algae. Other linolenic acid mainly comes from nuts, and lecithin mainly comes from egg yolk. These two food sources can convert some DHA after being absorbed by human body, but the conversion rate is very low. Therefore, pregnant mothers should supplement DHA and eat more fish and seaweed.

Time for pregnant mothers to supplement DHA: From the third week of pregnancy, mothers should supplement DHA until the baby is 2 years old after birth. After the baby is weaned, it is necessary to increase the diet of fish and seaweed to ensure the baby's DHA intake.

Omega-3 fatty acids are needed in the diet during pregnancy, and DHA can also be supplemented. DHA supplementation is not only for the baby to be smarter, but also plays an important role in the development of intelligence and vision.

When it comes to DHA, many pregnant mothers and expectant mothers will be associated with cleverness, which may be a selling point for businesses when selling products, because every parent wants their children to be smarter. As parents, our expectation for our baby is health first, and then we should have a broader understanding of nutrition, not just focusing on one point.

The chemical name of DHA is docosahexaenoic acid, which belongs to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, ω-3 series and belongs to fat. It is essential for the development of the brain and nervous system. Mothers and fetuses during pregnancy and children after birth are more dependent on essential fatty acids because the human body uses DHA to build the brain. If measured by quantity, DHA accounts for almost 1/4 of brain dry weight. Do you think it is important to supplement DHA? !

The lipid content in the central nervous system is high, polyunsaturated fatty acids are an important part of cell membrane, and DHA content in synaptic membrane and retina is the highest. If DHA is lacking in food, it will affect children's cognitive ability and memory ability.

The food of DHA comes from cold-water fish, such as herring, mackerel and tuna (the DHA in canned tuna is greatly reduced), and the seeds of plants, such as flaxseed and pumpkin seeds, only the linolenic acid contained in plant seeds needs to be transformed in human body to get DHA. Fish is the best source of DHA supplement. If the food source is insufficient, you can also choose DHA dietary supplement.

Therefore, DHA supplementation is to make children healthier and avoid birth defects. If you have enough omega-3 fatty acids in your diet, congratulations.

According to 20 15 experts' understanding of DHA supplementation for pregnant women and infants in China, DHA supplementation during pregnancy can reduce the risk of premature delivery and moderately promote fetal growth.

If DHA is continuously supplemented to lactation, it can also increase the DHA content in breast milk and may reduce the risk of postpartum depression. Previous studies have shown that DHA supplementation during pregnancy is also helpful for children's early metabolic health.

In other words, there are enough studies to prove that DHA supplementation is beneficial to pregnant women and babies.

So how much should I make up? The expert committee of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the expert committee of the International Association of Perinatal Medicine suggest that pregnant women and lactating women should consume no less than 200mg of DHA every day.

This can be achieved by eating 2~3 meals a week and 1 meal or more high-fat marine fish, such as salmon and cod, and eating 1 egg every day to ensure DHA intake.

If the usual diet can't reach the recommended DHA intake, you can also choose some efficient and safe DHA supplements, such as seaweed oil DHA capsules.

"Little Red Flower Evaluation" made a detailed comparative evaluation of eight popular pregnant women's seaweed oil DHA.

The results showed that except denatured and Tangier, the DHA concentrations of the other six kinds of seaweed oils were all above 35%, and the highest ones were Bio Island and Zhilingtong, which reached 45.4% and 44.7% respectively.

After conversion, the DHA content of eight kinds of seaweed oils can all reach "80% of the nominal value" required by the national standard, among which Newman is the only product whose measured value is lower than the nominal value, only 86. 1%, which is still slightly insufficient compared with other products.

"Small Safflower Evaluation" not only detected DHA content, but also detected EPA, acid value, peroxide value and heavy metals contained in the product, and selected several items for comparison. If you want to know the detailed assessment process, please reply to "DHA" to view the complete assessment article ~