How to raise arowana

Arowana, scientific name: Scleropages formosus, English name: Red Arowana, 80 ~ 90 cm long. Arowana lives in a small range and mainly grows in rivers in Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia. Arowana, which cannot be artificially propagated, is on the verge of extinction, so it is listed as a class A protected animal by the Washington Convention, which is extremely precious. Arowana is an ancient fish, which belongs to the family Osteoglossidae and has weak reproductive ability. It is very strange that females lay eggs and males hatch and feed in their mouths. Because of its two beards, shiny scales and ancient life experiences, people naturally associate it with the mysterious dragon and call it "arowana". Arowana is regarded as a sacred fish in Southeast Asia, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and places where overseas Chinese are concentrated. It can be raised as a feng shui fish in Wang Jiazhen, especially arowana, which was listed as a class A protected animal by the Washington Wildlife Protection Treaty in 1980. In Hongkong, Macau and Taiwan Province, the price of one-stop fish is more than one million yuan, which is regarded as a symbol of family wealth and status. [1][ Edit this paragraph] Classification Overview Arowana is divided into Chili red dragon, blood red dragon and orange red dragon. There are achievements. The higher the grade, the more expensive it is, with Chili red dragon as the best. The body shape is the same as that of Jinlong and Red-tailed Jinlong. The scales, snout, gill cover, fins and tail of fish are all red to varying degrees. The subdivision is orange, pink, crimson and blood red. The gill cover has obvious erythema. Red Dragon 65438 +0 Red Dragon 65438 +0 is mainly red, which can be divided into red pepper arowana and red blood arowana (Figure 6). Red pepper arowana has bright red gills and scales, all its fins are red and its snout is red. If you turn off the lights (because the lights in the fish tank have a red wavelength, the colors of the fish are different when you turn on the lights. Because arowana is a protected animal, and its import is restricted, it is not so easy to buy a good arowana, because arowana is almost the same when it is young (arowana will change color from small to large, but it will not change when it is young). Generally speaking, there is no red pepper dragon in the arowana in the aquarium, because it has reached the stage of large-scale investment promotion. Provide a way to buy a better red dragon: it is best to have a red body color or red spots in the little dragon period. The body color of the blood-red dragon does not have the red scale frame like Chili red dragon red, and there is no obvious crimson gill print on the gill cover, but it is evenly distributed throughout the body, but the color is still mainly red. No.2 Dragon (Orange Dragon) No.2 Dragon is mainly orange-red. When young arowana was young, its lips were flat and its head was not pointed. The gill cover of adult fish is orange red or light orange, the fin of arowana (Figure 5) is obviously red or light orange, and the fin and tail fin are red or light orange. Obviously, the tail is orange-red or colorless. If the arowana reared by arowana does not have the above characteristics of No.65438+No.0 arowana, it may be a red-tailed golden dragon or a golden dragon with a back. No matter how you raise it, it won't turn red all over, but it's not completely without appreciation value. You can cultivate the right body color the day after tomorrow and make a good dragon. [Edit this paragraph] The reason why sex judgment is so handy in the process of artificial reproduction comes from the sex identification skills of arowana. In the eyes of the industry, the male arowana seems to have a big mouth, which may be to prepare for future seedling raising. In addition, the pectoral fin is dark red, and the fish itself is slightly thinner than the mother fish, which is easy to find from above the fish pond. In addition, the female arowana is always shorter than the male fish, the abdomen is more prone to edema, and the pectoral fins and head color are not as deep as the male fish. [2][ Edit this paragraph] Overview of hair color conditions The so-called brightening only makes the red dragon redder and the golden dragon redder. There is no possibility of turning a green dragon into a red dragon, but of course it does not include improper coloring methods. Let's talk about the appropriate coloring method. The methods to achieve the purpose of fish coat color are generally related to water quality, environment, light and feed management, but it should be emphasized that 70% of the performance of arowana itself is related to its excellent pedigree, and the remaining 30% has a considerable impact on the management of the day after tomorrow. It is believed that keeping the good water quality of arowana is a part that all fish friends know. Generally speaking, it is recommended to change water mainly in a small amount and many times, but it is an exception if it is a medicine bathtub. Usually, the water should be changed from 1/3 to 1/5 a week (depending on the fish in the tank or the amount of water discharged), so as to avoid a large number of water changes, and the residual bait must be removed to avoid the deterioration of water quality. Generally speaking, weak acidic soft water is better. Soft water can be established by mountain spring water, RO water or soft water trees. Acid can be reduced by adding black water, grass mud pills, or Amazon soil. Environmental environment includes cylinder shifting, pesticide application, background color, etc. In fact, to put it bluntly, it was because of the change of environment that the fish faded and arowana appeared. You should know that the body pigment of arowana is only attached to the fish scales, so any environmental influence will affect the body color performance of arowana. In terms of background color, red dragons are mostly matched with black, red or blue. Jinlong is mainly blue or black. Depending on the color system of arowana. Lighting, red dragon suggests using plant lights with weak optical rotation for lighting. Jinlong is dominated by blue light, supplemented by white light. In fact, whether it is a plant lamp or a sun lamp, the weak optical rotation is better in the choice of lighting, because if it is irradiated with too strong light, the body color of arowana will fade. The color system of the lamp tube should be based on the background color of arowana itself and the future color. It is said that it is easier to attract color by lowering the water level in the cylinder to about 10~ 15 cm. On the one hand, it can prevent eye drops and reduce water pressure. [Edit this paragraph] The color is slightly higher than the following four colors: 1, and the characteristics of hormone and synthetic pigment: each fin will appear bright red. Identification: This method will make people shine at first glance, because the color of each fin will not be directly proportional to the brightness of the scale bottom, and vice versa. Under normal circumstances, the darker the background color of arowana (black or green), the redder the fins will be. However, improper coloring will show that the background color of arowana is light (white) or the brightness of scales is not enough. On the contrary, only the fins show bright red. This method makes it have coloring effect by injecting hormone or red pigment, so fading in the future is a certain result. It is not difficult for experienced veterans to see through this method because it looks unnatural red. In addition, arowana's lips will be orange (red). This is a characteristic that injection pigments cannot have unless there are other methods. 2. Characteristics of feeding synthetic pigments: The body color will be pink. Identification: The above method does not show bright red color, but it is quite easy to identify, because the bottom of each fin or part will show pink. This method is caused by feeding artificial pigments, so fading is the only result. 3, hungry color characteristics: big eyes and small head, slender figure. The coat color is brighter than that of ordinary fish. Identification: It's not hard to see through if you look closely, because you will feel like an old urchin. This method is caused by controlled feeding. Generally, arowana can grow to about 30 cm a year, but this method can be controlled to about 20 cm. In other words, a fish of the same age. Under normal feeding, it can grow to 30 cm with color. On the contrary, if it is raised by starvation method, the fish body is about 20 cm, but the color is like 30 cm. 4. Characteristics of blind dragon: The fish is strong, but its eyes are amblyopic or completely blind. Identification: this method is to stimulate the body color by laser or other methods, so that the young fish can be amblyopic or completely blind, because it is said that arowana is in a dark world. Its body color will be darker (black). On the contrary, it will have a strong red color. [3][ Edit this paragraph] Overview of population status Red dragons can be artificially propagated, which many people think is just groundless. It was not until Japan introduced outstanding red dragon individuals from Singapore and Malaysia from 1995 that everyone really realized. 1950 years ago, Asian arowana was widely distributed in Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia and other parts of Southeast Asia, and it was also an extremely important natural food for local residents. The body color changes of arowana growing in clean river water, such as orange-red, cyan, gold-red, platinum, etc., actually come from different habitats, resulting in local species differences. From the distribution of Arowana, they are all near the equator, and the rainfall and annual average temperature are typical tropical and subtropical climates. Therefore, the pure water quality above 20 degrees Celsius has become an indispensable ecological condition for Arowana. The PH value of the waters inhabited by wild red dragons is 6.4-6.8, and the hardness is slightly lower than 8. In the original water quality, there is a little more bicarbonate and calcium than ordinary soft water, so the color of the water quality is also turbid, which is quite different from the traditional impression of tropical rain forest water quality. In addition, in the arowana producing areas in Southeast Asia, the riverbed is dominated by muddy soil, so aquatic plants are also extremely dense, providing an excellent shelter for natural wild arowana. Among them, Ailuropodium hybridum and even Pennisetum is the best natural shelter. Under these huge aquatic plants, it can not only prevent the hunting of eagle families, but also easily become the source of live bait prey such as frogs, shrimps and small fish. For countries that have successfully exported the offspring of the red dragon: Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia, it is not a very difficult project to produce the little red dragon regularly and quantitatively. The cooperation between Singapore government and Singapore and non-governmental organizations in the rehabilitation of Red Dragon ranks among the best in Southeast Asian countries. On the one hand, we are studying the reproductive rehabilitation in China, and on the other hand, we are striving for the recognition and licensing of the microchip implantation method adopted by the Singaporean government by various organizations in Washington. Finally, Singapore later became the first Asian country in the world to export the descendants of the reborn red dragon, and also the first country to export electronic microchips implanted in the body. At present, the young red dragon fish exported from Singapore is about 20 cm long, and the standard price is about 3,000 US dollars. The main exporting countries are Japan and the United States. The technical staff of Xinzhongpo Bureau of Origin adopted the method of semi-natural ecological simulation, and he mixed 10-20 pairs of mature arowana (at least 50 cm above) in an outdoor pool at one time. In addition, some semi-emergent plants are planted in the pool for natural paired arowana to nest when laying eggs. And keep a little water flow, feed it with frozen bait or even fish paste every day, but try not to let the water turn green in the control of water color, otherwise parasites and hypoxia will easily plague this large fish. Every year, from the end of 10 to the beginning of March, it is a vigorous mating period for red dragons, especially in February of1-12. A large amount of fresh water at 24 degrees Celsius can often stimulate female fish to ovulate quickly. Female fish spawn (Figure 3) Male fish and female fish cruise each other in shallow water with low visibility, getting closer and closer until their bellies are close to each other. A mating action takes about 1-2 hours, but in fact, the female's oviposition behavior is only about 20 minutes. The rest of the time is spent on insemination, and the male fish holds the eggs in his mouth one by one. Because the "male" arowana is responsible for hatching and protecting fish eggs, the female fish are either expelled or guarded. Because all the movements are carried out under muddy water, it is often heard that arowana swallows eggs day by day in the early stage of rehabilitation. Therefore, in order to improve the survival rate of larvae, some technicians began to shake the eggs out of the male's mouth early to reduce the loss, which is said to be the key to the success rate of reproduction. Many people let arowana mate and lay eggs without knowing it, but they didn't notice it at all and missed the opportunity. In Singapore's refilling records, the average male fish will have eggs in his mouth for about 50 days before letting the small fish swim in and out. At this time, the young arowana is at least 6-8 cm long, so the mouth of the male fish is often stuffed all over the floor. Some people speculate that the reason why male fish will eat more and more eggs is because they are worried about the future oral capacity. However, in any case, only 30% of the young fish on the right can survive. So now, under the condition of mature culture technology, technicians usually shake out the newly hatched arowana from the mouth of the male fish about 14 days after spawning, when the small fish have gradually hatched. In this way, the success rate will often increase to more than 80%, which is exciting. A pair of mature arowana can generally produce 1-2 times a year, and the number of eggs laid each time varies from 50 to 80. But there should be higher productivity in the future, and the young arowana will grow to a medium size close to 1 kg in about1year. Therefore, today's profits between governments in Southeast Asia are regarded as an excellent source of funds to earn a lot of foreign exchange. Singapore In Singapore, the legal fees for chip implantation and registration of arowana larvae are about $78. However, once the registered red dragon seedlings (2 inches) are about 5 cm, that is, the price is nearly $65,438+0,000, which is still in short supply. At present, only three countries (Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia) and 12 of the 106 Washington convention members are in suitable breeding grounds, and the red dragon has successfully bred into offspring. Among them, Indonesia monopolizes eight, Malaysia also catches up with it, accounting for three, and Singapore has rehabilitation centers in cooperation between the government and the people. Indonesia and Malaysia Indonesia and Malaysia are rich in natural resources. On the basis of Arowana's rehabilitation, they also monopolized the geographical position of Red Dragon. Therefore, since 1983, the Indonesian government listed the red dragon as a national creature, all three East Asian countries have devoted themselves to the reproduction of the dragon. Compared with Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia can easily introduce high-quality water quality from the origin of the red dragon, which is similar to the river bend pattern simulating the natural environment, or a large number of natural ponds. Although the export speed of India and Malaysia is not as fast as that of Singapore, due to the rich biological resources, the observation of the red dragon is slightly accurate and meticulous. According to the information provided by the Malaysian Fisheries Bureau, the red dragon, which grows in the near-natural water environment, may reach the mature age in about three years because of the suitable water temperature and food, and can start to pair and lay eggs. In Malaysia, due to abundant fish resources, there are independent cement ponds for adult fish to breed, breeding fish to mate and even young fish to breed. Generally, the aquaculture pond is rectangular, about 30 meters long, with a width of at least 10 meter and a water depth of 180 cm to 150 cm. The water quality of the aquaculture pond is continuously controlled at PH 6.5, and the turbidity is between 25 and 28 degrees Celsius. The daily feeding is mainly fish paste, and when the fry grow to a certain size, they will move into a larger mature dragon fish pond. Usually, the water quality of each pool is a mixture of nearby groundwater (well water) and tap water. Because the water contains carbonate and argillaceous particles, the water color is coffee milk color, and the visibility is not high (10- 15 cm). This is slightly different from the situation of fish farms in Singapore. However, according to Malaysian operators, under this water quality, the color of arowana will be stronger. However, changing fresh water regularly every day seems to have become an essential formula for all countries. They will deliberately select the paired male and female arowana in the adult fish pond and move them to another quiet pond, so that they can gradually chase, dance and lay eggs in an undisturbed environment. The situation that male and female fish attack each other or eat eggs will also be greatly reduced in such a leisurely environment. More specifically, the bottom of this fish pond has a slightly special design, that is, there are deep water areas and shallow water areas in a pond. It is said that the mating action of arowana will exist in Beijing when it lays eggs. There are floating plants everywhere in shallow water, which will definitely be useful. Fish eggs (Figure 4) The time for males to hold eggs varies slightly with the water temperature, ranging from 45 to 60 days. When an egg is laid, the diameter of the egg is at least 1.5cm. Under artificial incubation, the success rate can often reach more than 80%, and the artificially hatched arowana larvae can eat all kinds of plankton in the water about 45 days after laying eggs, even the small red dragon can easily reach more than 10 cm within the feeding period of 2-3 months. If the male fish is allowed to hatch without artificial incubation, once the small arowana can freely enter and exit the male fish's mouth, it is at least 8 cm long and has reached the length of commercial sales. The price in Japan is in Japan. An 8-inch (20 cm) red dragon can fetch nearly $3,000. Under the premise of calculating the yield, it is rarely taken care of by male fish. Instead, once mating is completed, the semi-yellow and slightly bloodshot arowana eggs will be taken out of the male fish's mouth in about a week or two, and artificial bubbles will be used to simulate hatching, so as to promote arowana to increase its yield.