History, help me. Tell me about Germany's role in the world in the twentieth century.

The Weimar Republic after the war was an effort to establish a peaceful, free and democratic regime on German soil. However, the Weimar government was doomed from the beginning to be trapped in economic problems and the inherent defects of its own Weimar Constitution.

In the first few years, Weimar * * and China had to be busy dealing with the left-wing and right-wing rebellion and the serious inflation of 1923. Next, with the gradual easing of relations between Germany and wartime enemy countries and the relaxation of compensation debts, the situation improved. Thanks to Gustav Strezeman, Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, the Allies restored order and prosperity to a certain extent. This prosperity continued until the Great Depression of 1930.

After that, the economic recession, the memory of 1923' s excessive inflation and the nationalist opposition caused by the harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles destroyed the Weimar government from both inside and outside. Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist Workers' Party took advantage of this reality and the rising unemployment rate. The Nazis constantly emphasized ethnic and racial issues and promised to let the unemployed get jobs again. They blamed many problems in Germany on the so-called Jewish conspiracy, and even claimed that the failure of World War I was caused by internal collusion.

Nazi Germany

1929 After the world economic crisis broke out, the political situation in Weimar Republic began to turn to fascism. The Nazi Party led by Hitler began to control the German regime on 19331October 30th.

After Hitler came to power, he began to practice white terror at home, brutally suppressed dissidents, and practiced fascist dictatorship through the stormtroopers, the SS, the Gestapo and their labor camps and concentration camps all over the country. Hitler came to power by advocating strong populism, and began to oppress Jews crazily after he came to power. 1 93365438+February1passed the Law on Ensuring the Unity of the Party and the State. On August 1934, 1 passed the German Fuehrer's Law, which strengthened the fascist dictatorship. Hitler brought the national economy into the track of war and accelerated the pace of rearmament. 1935, 16 In March, Hitler announced the implementation of universal compulsory military service and established an army of 500,000 people. The following year, he announced the implementation of the "four-year plan" presided over by Goering, and the industrial development rate exceeded that of western countries. 1936 On March 7, Hitler drove the Germans into the unarmed zone of the Rhine River and participated in the Spanish Civil War in July.

1October 25th, 165438+ Germany and Japan concluded an international convention prohibiting the production of * * *, and on May 22nd, 1939, Germany and Italy concluded an iron and steel alliance in Berlin. At this point, the three countries formally formed an alliance, known as the Axis countries. 1March 938, Germany annexed Austria. In September, at the Munich Conference, Hitler forced Britain and France to sign the Munich Agreement. 65438+ 10 month, dismembered and occupied Czechoslovakia.

1 September, 9391day, the German blitzkrieg attacked Poland, and World War II officially began, and then quickly occupied Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg. 1940, defeated the British and French allied forces and occupied France. Then it occupied Yugoslavia and Greece. On June 22nd, Germany began to attack the Soviet Union. 1in the winter of 942, the battle of Stalingrad started and the Germans lost, which became the turning point of World War II. 1On June 6, 944, the United States and Britain landed in Normandy, France, and 1945 announced its unconditional surrender on May 8. After World War II, according to the Yalta Agreement, the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France occupied Germany, and Berlin, as a special unit, was jointly managed by the four countries. 1949 In May, the occupied areas of the United States, Britain and France merged to form the Federal Republic of Germany. In June of the same year 10, the Soviet-occupied area declared the establishment of the German Democratic Republic, and Germany split into two countries.

Cold war period

1945 Allied Germany After the defeat of fascist Germany on May 8, 1945, according to the Yalta Agreement and the Potsdam Agreement, Germany ceded 1 14000 square kilometers of land to the Soviet Union and Poland, and the rest and the capital Berlin were occupied by the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France.

On June 1 947+1October1day, the American-occupied area and the British-occupied area formed a joint economic zone, and the French-occupied area also joined the joint economic zone in April of the same year. In September, 1948, a consultation meeting was held with representatives of the state legislature. 1949 on may 8, the consultative conference adopted the basic law. On May 23rd, the Basic Law was promulgated and the Federal Republic of Germany was formally established. On September 20th, Adenauer formed the first federal government. The Parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany consists of the Bundestag and the Federal Senate. The highest federal judicial body is the Federal Constitutional Court.

1946 In April, the German Production Party and the German Social Democratic Party in the Soviet-occupied area merged to form the German Unified Socialist Party. 1947 65438+On February 6th, the first German People's Congress was held in Suzhan District of Berlin. 1949 On May 30th, the Third Congress of the German People approved the Constitution. In the same year, the Provisional People's House adopted the Constitution on June 7, 65438/KLOC-0. 654381October 7, the German Democratic Republic was formally established, referred to as GDR. 10 June10, the Soviet occupation authorities handed over administrative functions to the interim government.

1948, Berlin crisis broke out, and at the end of the year, Berlin was officially divided into two cities. 196 1 year, the german democratic Republic built the Berlin wall on its own side of the border between east and west Berlin, cutting off the traffic between west Germany and west Berlin. The cold war reached its peak. The United States supports West Berlin by airdropping materials, which is an air bridge.

After the war, the economy of the Federal Republic of Germany developed rapidly. In the 1970s, an "economic miracle" appeared in Germany. Before reunification, the Federal Republic of Germany has become the fourth largest country in the world economy and the third largest country in trade. East Germany has the healthiest and fastest economic development among eastern European countries. Before reunification, both East Germany and West Germany were listed as one of the top ten economies in the world by the World Bank.

Germany was unified.

1990 German unification: BRD stands for former Federal Republic of Germany; DDR stands for former Democratic Germany.

See: reunification of Germany and Germany.

1990 10 year 10 3, the territory of the former GDR was merged into the Federal Republic of Germany.

The German unification treaty was reached in February 1990, and this agreement was realized in February 1990 through the so-called "four plus two agreement" (Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union and France, the four occupying countries and East and West Germany). After reunification, Germany remained a member of the European Union (which later became the European Union) and NATO.