On the Inheritance of Folk Crafts

"Four Great Quyi in China" and the Present Situation of Four Great Quyi in China. When summing up the representative categories and figures of folk art in China, folk art circles have the saying of "king of paper cutting, clay figurine Zhang, hairy monkey sun, noodle soup". But at present, only the clay figurine Zhang develops steadily, but the hairy monkey and grandson are rarely seen. Both noodle soup and paper-cut king are facing severe sustainable development problems.

1, Tianjin clay figurine Zhang Caisu, is a popular folk art of Han nationality. He just needs to sit and talk to people face to face, gesture with his hands and be quiet for a moment. The face is not only vivid but also lifelike.

Tianjin Clay Figurine Zhang was founded by Zhang Mingshan in Qing Dynasty. It creates its own style on the basis of inheriting the tradition, and its works are widely drawn and vividly portrayed. The combination of plastic and painting makes the works more vital. Its artistic status has been recognized internationally. After several generations' inheritance, clay figurine Zhang has become another peak of clay sculpture art in China.

Clay figurine Zhang Art Museum is a private art museum built by the descendants of clay figurine Zhang, which has collected more than 300 sets of outstanding works of six generations of clay figurine Zhang and exhibited nearly 100 of them.

2, hairy monkey, a natural elf, alert and lively, revealing a natural taste. I'm not talking about natural monkeys here, but the unique folk art in old Beijing. The art of hairy monkeys perfectly combines the natural interest of monkeys with the creation of artists, creating a wonderful artistic realm.

"Beijing hairy monkey", also known as "China cicada slough", is full of traditional Chinese medicine. Its limbs are cicada's limbs, and its body is another kind of Chinese medicine-Flos Magnoliae, which is a flower bone flower formed by Flos Magnoliae in autumn. Beijing and Sun Jia should rank first. But there are few offspring.

3. The "King of Paper-cutting" among the four major folk arts in China refers to the folk paper-cutting in Yuxian County, Zhangjiakou, and its representative figure is Wang Laoshang, a folk artist before liberation. Wang Laoshang (1890~ 195 1), a native of Nanzhangzhuang Village, Yuxian County, Hebei Province, is a famous folk artist in China and the founder of Yuxian paper-cutting art. China has a long history of folk paper-cutting and there are countless paper-cutting artists. Only Wang Laoshang is the most prominent and comprehensive one recorded by experts and scholars. Wang Laoshang has become a generation of folk paper-cut artists. His main technical innovations are carving knives, spot dyeing techniques and composition. At the same time, it has cultivated and influenced a large number of paper-cut artists in Yuxian and its surrounding areas. Leave a precious cultural heritage for future generations. This heritage is not only a cultural and economic asset, but also a folk art and folk culture asset; It is not only an immortal cultural brand, but also a symbol and motive force of folk custom and civilization progress. China ranks first in the ranking of folk cultural and economic resources. In view of his artistic achievements, he was still accepted as a member of China Artists Association by 1960 after his death. In 2000, he was awarded the title of "Top Ten Folk Art Masters in China in the 20th Century".

In the same year, China Paper-cut Research Association exhibited Wang Laoshang's works at the "20th Century Chinese Paper-cut Retrospect Exhibition" held by China Art Museum. It was rated as "the first paper-cut person in China" by foreign magazines. Wang Laoshang is a famous artist in the field of modern folk paper-cutting in China. He is one of the folk paper-cutting masters who have been "inscribed for the World Heritage" by the China government to UNESCO, and is also recognized as a leading figure in Yuxian paper-cutting field. The graphic information about his artistic career and achievements is priceless, which has played a great role in studying the history of folk paper-cutting. Over the past 50 years, he has been constantly evaluated from top to bottom, including Xu Jialu, Vice Chairman of the National People's Congress, Ai Qing, a famous poet, Feng Jicai, Chairman of the China Folk Writers Association, Xiang Yunju, Jin, Bo Songnian, Lu, Professor of Nanjing University, Secretary General of the Chinese Writers Association and Director of the China Folk Cultural Heritage Rescue Project Office.

As for Mr. Wang Laoshang's works, as early as 1950s, four collections of works have been published: Folk Paper Carvings, Folk Window Openings, Wang Laoshang Window Openings Art and Wang Laoshang Opera Paper Carvings. Wang Laoshang literature has become a valuable asset recognized by national cultural departments and academic research circles of national folk culture. It was very famous before and after liberation and was deeply loved by the people. But with the passage of time, it is rare now. Nowadays, the state attaches great importance to Yuxian paper-cutting. President Hu Jintao loves the art of paper-cutting, and he himself is a paper-cutting enthusiast. On New Year's Eve in 2007, he created a paper-cut work "Back to Mom's Home", which was exhibited at the third paper-cut art exhibition in Beijing. President Hu's versatile work caused a great sensation and became a much-told story for a while. In August, 2003, China People's Association and China Folk Cultural Heritage Rescue Project Committee awarded Yuxian the title of "Hometown of Chinese Paper-cutting Art" and "Research Base of Chinese Paper-cutting Art". Yuxian was designated as the "hometown of folk art" by the Ministry of Culture, and Yuxian paper-cutting was also designated as "national gift boutique".

The fifth generation of Yuxian paper-cutting descendants, represented by Zhou Shuying and Zhou Guang, who were awarded the title of "China Folk Artists" by UNESCO, inherited and carried forward the paper-cutting skills of the older generation, and cooperated with Tianjin Art Museum to carry forward this ancient folk art and glow with new vitality.

4. The noodle soup in Tongzhou, Beijing was formed by Mr. Tang Zibo (1882~ 197 1) in the late Qing Dynasty. The art of "noodle soup" is mainly passed down by the family, with both master and apprentice. Tang Zibo, with his profound knowledge of Chinese studies and art, learned from others and established the position of "noodle soup" of dough modeling school. The works of Tang, the second generation successor, have well inherited and developed the art of "noodle soup" and carried it forward, realizing the leap from folk to elegant art hall. Unfortunately, Tang Pei, the third generation descendant, died young at the age of 48 because of overwork. "Noodle soup" is facing no successor, and the art of dough sculpture has become a vivid historical memory of the people. Beijing Municipal Bureau of Culture and Beijing Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center appeal: "Noodle soup and dough sculpture are facing the serious problem of no successor, which needs to be inherited and protected urgently.