Who can talk about Zhang Ye in history in detail?

Zhangye City is located in the northwest of Gansu Province, in the middle of Hexi Corridor, bordering Wuwei and Jinchang in the east, Jiuquan and Jiayuguan in the west, Qinghai Province in the south and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the north. Six years ago (12 1 year ago), Ding Yuan, the emperor gaozu of the Han Dynasty, established Zhangye County, which means "Zhang Guo embraces the western regions". The Northern Dynasties and the Western Wei Dynasty changed to Ganzhou. The Sui Dynasty restored the county system. This country was founded in the early Tang Dynasty. Ganzhou Road, Yuan Zhi. Ming set up Ganzhou Wei. The Qing Dynasty was the capital of Ganzhou. Zhangye county was established in 1927, and was withdrawn from the county to establish a city in 1985, which was announced by the State Council as the second batch of famous historical and cultural cities and cities open to the outside world. The fourth largest city in Gansu Province. It covers an area of 42,400 square kilometers and has a population of 6.5438+0.3 million. (20 10) The distribution of ethnic groups is mainly Han, and there are 26 ethnic groups including Hui, Yugur and Mongolian. South Ring Road of Ganzhou District People's Government,

Postal code: 734000

Code: 620700

Area code: 0936

License plate: Gan

Pinyin: Zhangye City

Zhangye is a commodity grain base in Gansu Province, which is rich in wheat, corn, rice, beans, oilseeds, fruits and vegetables. Industries include coal, machinery, textile, brewing and so on 10. Since ancient times, there have been gold Zhangye and silver Wuwei. There are many places of interest in this city, such as the Great Buddha Temple, Muta Temple, Zhenyuan Building and Heishui State Site. Historical evolution 1954. Archaeologist Zhimin An discovered the Sibatan site about 4,000 years ago 6 kilometers south of Shandan County, Zhangye City, which belongs to Majiayao cultural type at the end of Neolithic Age. 1984, 1987 Neolithic stone axes and painted pottery were found in the site of "Blackwater Country" in Zhangye. 1In July, 987, the cultural relics team of Gansu Province excavated a large number of ground stone tools, pottery, carbonized particles and teeth bones of pigs, cattle, sheep and deer at Donghuishan site, 3 kilometers northeast of Liuba Township, Minle County, Zhangye City, which proved that the ancestors of Zhangye had been engaged in primitive agricultural production and animal husbandry in the Neolithic Age about 5,000 years ago and could spin with stone balls and stone spinning wheels. According to the records in Shangshu Gong Yu, when China was divided into Kyushu, Zhang Ye belonged to Yongzhou. Before the Han Dynasty (206-220 BC), Yue was the overlord of Dunhuang and Qilian, and Zhangye was its territory. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, Rong and Di once lived here. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Wu Sun and Yue lived in Hexi. Hou Yue lived alone and was driven by Wu Sun. During the Qin and Han dynasties, the northern Xiongnu was powerful, defeated and drove away the Yue people, and Hexi became the territory of the right king of Xiongnu. The east and west of Heihe River were divided by King Xiutu and Evil King Xiongnu respectively.

In the second year of founding ceremony, the Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (before 12 1), Huo Qubing, a general in title of generals in ancient times, marched into Hexi and defeated the Xiongnu, and Xie Hun and Xiutu led the Han Dynasty. Zhang Qian made two missions to the Western Regions, and the Silk Road was opened. In the sixth year of Ding Yuan in Han Dynasty (before 1 1 1), Zhang Guo took the meaning of "covering the western regions with military force" and set up Zhangye County. Since then, large-scale immigrants have begun to reclaim land, station troops, and settle fields, and developed agricultural production, which has promoted the economic and cultural transportation and prosperity of the Central Plains and the Western Regions. "Open up wasteland in fertile fields, put postal services on the main roads, catch up with postal services, go on for a long time, peddle customers, and plug the Japanese money." Zhangye became an important town on the Silk Road. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-8 BC), when they were honored as the secretariat of Zhangye, they paid attention to the development of agriculture and animal husbandry production and made people live and work in peace and contentment. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty records: "Dou Rong occupies Hexi, and the world is uneasy, and Hexi is the only one." "Politics is also generous, dating from top to bottom, and having money." "Settle in the northern land, and those who fled the famine in Shang Jun will never stop coming back."

During the Eastern Jin Dynasty (3 17-420), Ju Qumeng Xun established Beiliang State and Du Kang (now Camel City in Gaotai County) in Zhangye. He developed agriculture, promoted Confucianism, expanded cultural exchanges with western countries, inherited and promoted Chinese culture, promoted Buddhism, translated Buddhist scriptures, dug caves, and combined local music, song and dance with Qiuci music to create new music. In the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-535), Qin and Han Ci was introduced into the Central Plains, called Xiliang Music, and became the "national Ci" of the Northern Dynasty. Zhang Ye's Buddhist music was introduced into the Central Plains, and it was called "West Cool and Zhou Bai", which became the Buddhist music of Buddhist temples in the Northern Dynasties. The Western Wei Dynasty abolished the emperor for three years (554 years), and because of Ganquan in China, Zhangye was changed to Ganzhou.

In the Sui Dynasty (58 1-6 18), Zhangye (Ganzhou) was developed in commerce and merchants gathered, and Zhangye City, where Zhangye County was located, became an international commercial metropolis. Yang-ti sent Pei Ju, the governor of the western regions, to take charge of the city. Pei Ju presented a map of the western regions to Yang-ti. Great cause for five years (609), Emperor Yang Di went to the Western Ocean, pulled out the valley through a vat (now the ferry), arrived in Zhangye in June, and went to Rouge Mountain to meet the kings and envoys of the twenty-seven countries, with unprecedented pomp.

By the Tang Dynasty (6 18-907), agricultural production had been developed vigorously, and "land reclamation, full use of land and water, bumper harvest of rice, dozens of hooves, and accumulation of rations for decades". Hexi's international trade status has reached an unprecedented peak, and Zhangye has become an important place for China's foreign trade. Economic prosperity promotes cultural prosperity. Xuanzang, a famous monk, went to India (Tianzhu) to learn Buddhist scriptures through Zhang Ye. Chen Ziang, a poet, was ordered to inspect Zhang Ye, and wrote "The Warlord". When Wang Wei, Gao Shi and Ma stayed in Ganzhou, they all left famous poems. After Ganzhou music "Boluomen Buddha Country" was introduced into the court, Tang Xuanzong changed it to "Dressing and Dancing Music". After the frontier songs in Ganzhou flowed into the Central Plains, they became Jiao Fang Daqu, and the epigrams and qupai named after Ganzhoupo, Ganzhouzi, Klang Ganzhou and Ganzhouqu were widely circulated. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Zhangye had close ties with the Central Plains and the Western Regions, and developed trade with each other. With the exchange of monks, Buddhist culture has been further exchanged.

In the sixth year of Tiansheng in the Northern Song Dynasty (1028), the Tangut leader Li Yuanhao defeated Ganzhou and established Xixia. Inheriting the tradition of Han culture, we continued to build water conservancy, develop agriculture, set up education, respect Buddhism and Taoism, and built a large-scale Buddhist temple-the Great Buddha Temple.

In the Yuan Dynasty (1279- 1368), Gansu was the provincial capital and Zhangye was the capital. Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan personally summoned the doctor Dong Wen to cultivate rice fields in Ganzhou, imitating the method of planting rice in Ningxia. Zhahuncang, the largest granary in Gansu, is built in the city and supplies all kinds of rations. Ganzhou has become the post road center of Hexi Corridor and the entrepot city of tea foreign trade, with convenient trade routes and frequent commodity transactions. Italian traveler Kyle Poirot stopped in Ganzhou for a year on his way to Shangdu. In Marco Polo's Travels, he described the wealth of Zhang Ye, the scale of the city and the grandeur of religious temples.

In Ming dynasty (1368- 1644), Zhangye was the capital of Shaanxi province and the seat of Gansu town. The Ming dynasty vigorously developed culture and education, and built a number of schools and academies, which made Ganzhou literati come forth in large numbers. A large number of mainland immigrants settled in the land and built water conservancy projects, which greatly developed agricultural production. A large number of military facilities, such as the Great Wall, were built in Ganzhou to consolidate the border defense and form a complete military defense system. Ganzhou is still a military base in the northwest and a political, military and economic center in Hexi. Business continued to prosper, becoming the largest distribution center of livestock products in northwest China. Shanxi merchants and business gangs from Shaanxi, Shandong and Shi Jing gathered in Ganzhou to establish a guild hall. The Ming government used merchants from Shanxi and Shaanxi to transport grain and tea to Ganzhou, enriched border storage and developed tea-horse trade.

In the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), Zhang Qian was the secretariat of Ganzhou, the commander-in-chief of Gansu, and controlled the commanders of Liangzhou, Suzhou, Xining and Ningxia. Ganzhou was the military dispatch center and logistics supply base for all military operations in the west of Qing Dynasty. During this period, businessmen from all over the country gathered in Zhangye (Ganzhou) to set up business clubs, such as Shanxi Club, Shaanxi Club, Zhidong Club (Hebei, Shandong and Henan), Liangzhou Club, Fan Zhen (Minqin) Club, Hunan Club and Henan Club. The trade activities of major business groups spread to Xinjiang, Mongolia and other vast areas in the northwest, and Ganzhou became the commercial center and daily necessities transit wholesale market in Hexi. In the Qing Dynasty, culture and education flourished. Set up voluntary schools, social schools and private schools in urban and rural areas; There are many folk martial arts, and the people practice martial arts. Over the past century, more than 20 Wu Jinshi have been produced, and more than 100 Wu Juren have been produced. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, when Wang Zhizuo, a native of Zhangye, was studying in Japan, he joined the League led by Sun Yat-sen and publicized revolutionary ideas after returning home. His "A Letter to Ma Anliang" openly supported Wuchang Uprising, supported * * * and abolished the imperial system, and swept the whole province.

The Silk Road and Zhangye

The ancient Silk Road started from Chang 'an (now Xi), passed through Hexi Corridor and reached Xinjiang. Then continue westward to India, Persia, Greece and the Roman Empire. The Silk Road originated in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Zhang Qian made two missions to the Western Regions in BC 138 and BC 165438, which opened up a route connecting the Central Plains and the Western Regions. Later, this route became the main transportation route from the Central Plains to the Western Regions and countries in Central Asia and West Asia. During the Eastern Han Dynasty (26-220), the commercial trade between the mainland and the western regions gradually flourished. China silk was transported to the western regions through Zhangye and exported to Daxia, Rest in Peace, Daqin and even the Mediterranean coastal areas. Silk production is a great invention of China people. The export of silk and the introduction of silk reeling technology into the west are great contributions of ancient China to world civilization. /kloc-In the 9th century, Hithoven, a German historical geographer, proposed to name this road after silk, which was widely recognized by the people.

The world-famous Silk Road is a road of friendship between ancient East and West in politics, economy and culture, and Zhangye, located in the throat of Hexi Corridor, is the hub of the Silk Road. During the Western Wei Dynasty (535-556), caravans from the western regions gathered in Zhangye, where coins from the Eastern Roman Empire and Persia could be traded, making Zhangye an international trade city. In the Sui Dynasty (58 1-6 18), Zhangye became the base camp of Hexi and the western regions, and ethnic trade was extremely active. In 609 AD, Yang Di went to the Western Regions and personally hosted a "mutual market" in Zhangye attended by envoys and businessmen from 27 countries in the Western Regions. Since then, Zhangye's trade has become increasingly prosperous, from a transit point for Sino-Western trade to a window for foreign trade and opening up.