How to cultivate primary school students' study habits and speaking ability

1. What are study habits? Before I say how to cultivate it, let me explain what study habits are. The so-called habit is a relatively stable behavior characteristic formed through repeated practice. As we usually say, wash your hands before meals. Whenever you want to eat, you will wash your hands without being reminded. Learning habit refers to an automatic learning tendency formed by students in order to achieve good learning results. For example, in learning mathematics, in order to make the calculation correct, a student will check it every time he finishes the calculation, instead of checking it again according to the learning requirements and not checking it if it is not needed. The latter's behavior cannot be said to be a study habit. According to observation, we find that children's study habits are generally divided into three levels. The lowest level is unconscious behavior, which requires external coercion; The second level is more conscious behavior, which does not need external supervision, but also needs one's own will to work hard; The highest level is automatic behavior, which requires neither external supervision nor individual will, but a rigid habit of action (that is, what we usually call habit becomes nature). The study habits of primary school students generally need to go through these three levels. The first level is particularly important. Because primary school students, especially new school children, have a short time of intentional attention and poor self-control, learning has not yet become his conscious action, so strong external supervision is needed. This kind of supervision mainly comes from parents and teachers. At school, teachers give more praise to those children who take the initiative to learn, encourage those children whose awareness of learning has been enhanced, remind and hint those children who study passively, and even impose some small punishments to promote their participation in learning. Children have passed the difficult first level, and with the influence and encouragement of parents and teachers, they will easily jump to the second level, persistently strengthen training, and the third level will naturally form. Second, what are your study habits? How to cultivate? Students' study habits include: (1) Reading self-study habits Reading is a major form of self-study. By reading textbooks, we can understand knowledge independently, grasp the essential connotation of concepts, analyze the context of knowledge, scrutinize it repeatedly, understand textbooks, deepen knowledge and form abilities. The higher the learning level, the more important the significance of self-study. At present, in order to select students with learning potential, the college entrance examination in China requires higher self-study ability of candidates. So we should cultivate this ability from an early age. The specific requirements for junior students to read are: love reading extracurricular books, and finish reading an extracurricular book every two weeks on average; After reading the extracurricular books, you can roughly tell the main contents of the books and your own feelings; Can independently complete in-class reading training with high accuracy. Parents can guide their children in this way: after reading an article, let them simply repeat, perform or let them change the end of the article. Avoid children taking a cursory look. Secondly, we should cooperate with the teacher to let the children do excerpts. Parents should prepare excerpts for their children and extract some good words and sentences after reading an article. To enrich the vocabulary. (2) The habit of preview and review Parents should urge their children to preview and review. Let the children circle the words they don't understand and don't know in the preview, so that they can understand what we will learn tomorrow. Chinese subjects require children to learn Chinese characters and words by themselves, use reference books to help them understand the meaning of new words and make necessary written records. Be able to mark the text with natural paragraphs and read fluently; When reviewing, you should be able to review in an orderly way according to what you learned today, and you should be able to grasp the key core content and repeat it to your parents. The knowledge in every chapter and section of our textbook is scattered and isolated. To form a knowledge system, there must be a unit summary. After learning each unit, parents can ask their children to talk about what they have learned according to the catalogue. If there is a problem, children should be allowed to expand the catalogue in the third and fourth grades. Parents all know that after middle school, subjects will increase a lot, and a large part of the content needs students to recite. At this time, children need to have the ability to read a thick book thin, and at the same time, they can read thick according to the thin book. If children don't have this kind of consciousness now, they will find it very hard to study in the future. (3) The habit of observing thinking Observing objective things is the most basic way to acquire knowledge and the basic link to understand objective things. The word "observation" has two meanings. "observation" means looking and "investigation" means thinking. After reading it, it is not a real observation, and the understanding of objective things is meaningless. We should organically combine observation with thinking. For junior students, they should be able to understand the illustrations in the book and several pictures in speech and writing, and understand the internal relationship between several pictures. We should be able to observe objects and models in sequence and see the external characteristics of things. Can write a simple observation diary. Be able to observe the things around you and tell the subtle changes of things. (4) The habit of learning and pondering. In the Book of Learning, it is said that "learning alone without friends is ignorant", and learning and exchange of ideas between students is very important. When encountering problems, we should help each other learn and discuss. It is also important for parents and children to study together in the family, instead of simply thinking by themselves or asking the teacher tomorrow, you can say to the children in a discussion tone: Think again, what do you think is difficult, and tell me your thoughts. I also want to add my own thoughts. If I understand this question in this way, I think so. I disagree with you on this issue. Ask the teacher tomorrow to see how to understand. Let the child feel that you are communicating with him on an equal footing, so that the child will not be rebellious and will be very willing to communicate with you. Nowadays, some parents often complain that their children want to ask for help as soon as they encounter difficulties, but they refuse or don't know what to think. As we all know, parents themselves don't give their children room to think, and they are impatient with this phenomenon, so they don't simply do it, and they don't stand at the age of their children, making them feel useless. After a long time, children are afraid to tell you when they have difficulties, and there will be less communication with you slowly. Therefore, some parents wait for their children to reach high school. (5) The habit of reflection after practice In the process of reading and learning, every student has to do a lot of exercises, but the completion of the topic is not completely successful. What is important is to extend, expand and deepen knowledge. Therefore, reflection is an important link after solving the problem. Generally speaking, after practicing, we should reflect from five levels: 1, how to do it? Methods to solve problems; 2. Why did you do it? The principle you want to solve the problem; 3. Why did you think of this method? Think and solve problems; 4. Is there any other way? Which method is better? Think of various ways to cultivate different thinking; 5. Can you change it to another exercise? Thinking about a topic is changeable, which promotes the divergence of thinking. Of course, if there is a wrong solution, we must reflect: what is the root of the wrong solution? What should I pay attention to when answering similar questions? How to overcome common mistakes? "Learn from mistakes" and constantly improve yourself. Some parents will say that these junior children can't do it at all. Yes, the key to lower grades is to make children have this awareness, which requires the guidance of teachers and parents. In class, our teachers often cultivate children's divergent thinking and reflective ability according to these ideas. But for the classroom, the teacher has to face so many children that it is impossible for every child to talk. If parents can carry out intensive training at home, it will certainly promote children to develop this good habit faster.