It takes 3,000 words to save a paper that requires literary criticism of a writer's works.

I want to tell two stories first.

One is about Tian Zifang's accident. Ji Zi (son of Wei Wenhou) got off the bus because of Tian Zifang's way, and Tian Zifang was not polite, so there was an argument between them that "the rich are proud of it" and "the poor are proud of it". Tian Zifang believes that "the rich dare to be proud", which is reasonable: "Jun pride will lose his country, and medical pride will lose his home. People who have lost their country have never heard of people who have been treated by the country. Husband is poor and cheap, without saying anything, take the shoes and leave, not poor and cheap! " This was in 403 BC.

In the Warring States policy; In Seven Strategies, there is a similar story called "Qi Xuanwang meets Yan Hui". Wang wants to "go ahead" because he is a "human king"; We want "Wang Qian" because "the former is a trend, while Wang Qian is a scholar. Instead of making it a trend, it is better to make it a king's scholar, so there is a debate between "king is expensive" and "scholar is expensive" Yan Gang's reason is also very good: "When Qin attacked Qi State, he was ordered to say,' If you dare to take fifty steps on Liu Xia Jilong, whoever collects firewood will die." The imperial edict said, "Whoever can win the title of King of Qi will be rewarded with peace money." From its point of view, the king's head is born, unlike the spine of a dead man. "Qi Xuanwang said speechless, had to swallow the mouth goin. This was more than 300 years BC.

Both stories happened in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and this historical background is particularly important. At that time, a scholar was a scholar, who could maintain his dignity and integrity and never bow to the powerful. Not only Tian Zifang, but also Yan. A hundred years before Tian Zifang, Yan Ying, a doctor of Qi State, once said: "If you talk about it, it will be dangerous;" If you don't say it, you will be in danger. State-owned means obedient; The country has no way, that is, life is balanced "; Monk, who was appointed Qing by Qi Xuanwang almost at the same time as Yan Gang, was also generous: "Talk about adults, be reserved, but don't take adults as lofty." The hall is several meters high and the number of questions is several feet. I must succeed. The abbot served hundreds of concubines before dinner, but I won't do it if I succeed. Generally like to drink, drive away wild hunting, and ride a thousand times behind. I must succeed. I used to do nothing, but in the past, I was He Wei! "So, I think that the moral integrity of intellectuals in China at that time, that is, the' Scholar's Day', was related to' hegemony'.

In the 1970s, he criticized Confucius and said that he was "equivalent" (The Analects of Confucius; Zi Han ""sell it! Sell it! I am waiting for Jia) to turn myself into a commodity that can be bought and sold. In fact, this sentence of Confucius is not wrong. Because heroes strive for hegemony, heroes understand the connection between talents and the world, forming a pattern of free competition for talents, and scholars, that is, intellectuals, have become rare goods. " Learn martial arts, goods and royalty ",but whether to sell or not, whether to sell cheaply or expensive, the initiative is in your own hands, selling only literary talent, not even personal dignity or even mother Lao Tzu. It can be seen that it was a "seller's market" for talents at that time, so Tian Zifang's natural and unrestrained style of "if you don't say anything, you will do it, take your shoes and leave, and you can't be poor and cheap" led to Yan Yan's firm attitude that "a scholar is expensive, but a king is not expensive" and the eternal story of Yan Zhaowang's "a thick coin humbles himself and attracts talents".

After the Qin and Han Dynasties, the situation was very different. The talents in the world are clear at a glance, and the initiative that is not used is in the hands of the powerful people who dominate the world. "Good steel is used on the blade", which is no different from scrap iron when people don't use it. You said, "If you don't tell me, you can walk with your shoes, neither poor nor cheap." The first thing you have to worry about is this "safety"-you can't even take your shoes away, but you can also dig out the palm of the Tathagata. You say that "a scholar is expensive, but a king is not expensive", but it is contrary to the facts in that big environment. Not only will he be regarded as a madman, but the person who said this is not practical in his heart. The "seller's market" of talents has become the "buyer's market" of talents, and the "free competition" of talents has become the "market monopoly" of talents, so many "scholars" have tried their best to squeeze into their careers. As for those who dream of being promoted and appreciated by powerful people, even if powerful people don't want you to kneel down, they should kneel down like Jia Gui.

After the Qin and Han Dynasties, there were times when Scholar's Day was held high, but that was only during the short-term world dispute and competition between the two countries in the gap of reunification. When the world is unified, there are also outspoken and arrogant people, but most of them are only related to their own quality, so they can only be rare. As far as its general trend is concerned, it can be described as "Scholar's Day" from Qin and Han Dynasties to Tang and Song Dynasties and then to Ming and Qing Dynasties.

For the loss of China intellectuals' integrity, that is, "Scholar's Day", some commentators blamed it on Uncle Sun Tong, a great scholar in the Han Dynasty, who "formulated court etiquette" and "set a condom for the vast number of Confucian scholars" (Sunday: Dong Zhongshu's historical dilemma); Some commentators think that "this is the fault of the Legalists", because "the general plan of governing the country formulated by the representatives of the Legalists deprived the later scholars of the external conditions for maintaining self-esteem and moral integrity" (Wang Xuetai: The Scholars). In fact, once the "seller's market" of talents becomes a "buyer's market", the "free competition" of talents becomes a "market monopoly" and even the "talent market" is lost.

By the way, openness of mind and freedom of speech are basically consistent with the rise and fall of book birthdays. Freedom of speech is open-minded in group disputes, and speech and thought are easily imprisoned after the reunification. I'm afraid it's no accident that the contention of a hundred schools of thought, which has been talked about by people, appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

The advantage of great unification lies in the word "unification": the world is unified, and without war, society can develop steadily and people can live and work in peace and contentment; The inferiority of unification also lies in the word "unification": a high degree of centralization, too great unification, will curb morality and thought, which is probably also called a coin with two sides, or a strange circle of history. Getting rid of this historical cycle is a major issue before modern people.

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