How to plant dry pinellia?

The medicinal history of Pinellia ternata in my country has been more than 2,000 years, and it was recorded as early as in "Shen Nong's Materia Medica". The underground tubers of Pinellia ternata are mainly used as medicine. They have the effects of drying dampness and resolving phlegm, reducing qi and stopping vomiting. It is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. At present, the products of Pinellia ternata are scarce in the medicinal material market, and the supply exceeds the demand. Therefore, the artificial cultivation of Pinellia ternata has a broad market prospect, and farmers can also achieve better economic benefits. So, how is dry pinellia cultivated? In this program, we will introduce to you in detail the planting technology of dry pinellia. First, let’s learn about its botanical properties.

1. Botanical characteristics

1. Morphological characteristics

Dry Pinellia, also known as Sanbu Tiao, Mayu Guo, etc., is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Pinellia in the Araceae family. The whole plant is 15-30 cm tall. The underground tubers are spherical and are the main part used as medicine. . On different plants, the leaves have two shapes: one is oval, and the other is willow leaf-shaped. This phenomenon sometimes occurs even on the same ground. Although the shapes of the leaves are different, the medicinal effects of their underground tubers are the same. Relevant experts are also studying this phenomenon. Next, let’s talk about the growing environment of dry pinellia.

2． Growth environment

The suitable growth temperature for dry pinellia is 10 degrees Celsius, and the soil is required to be moist, with a soil moisture content of 20-30 and a pH value between 6-7. It is mainly distributed in Sichuan, Hubei and Shanxi. After introducing the botanical characteristics of Pinellia ternata, let’s talk about its propagation methods.

2. Propagation method

Dry Pinellia is usually propagated by seed stems. Below, we will introduce its propagation method. There are mainly the following links: seed stem processing, land selection and preparation, and sowing methods.

1. Seed stem treatment

Before sowing in dry pinellia, the seed stems must be disinfected. The method is as follows: use a carbendazim solution with a concentration of 5 to spray and disinfect the seed stems stored in a cool place the previous year. Then, the workers gently turn the stems to make full contact between the disinfectant and the stems. Pay attention when disinfecting: workers must wear gloves and protect themselves. After sterilizing the stems, wrap them tightly with plastic cloth and leave them for about 12 hours. Then, move them to a sunny place and dry them in the sun for 3-4 hours. The treatment of the stems is complete.

2． Land selection and preparation

The land requirements of Pinellia ternata are not very strict. Generally, hillside and flat areas are chosen for planting. You can also choose land where the previous crop was wheat to sow Pinellia ternata. After selecting the planting site, the land needs to be prepared. First, plow the land to a depth of about 20 centimeters, then spread farmyard manure at a dosage of about 2,000 kilograms per acre, then plow the land to a depth of 20 centimeters, mix the fertilizer and soil evenly, and then sow.

3. Sowing method

The suitable sowing time for dry pinellia is the end of April. If you choose land where the previous crop was wheat, sowing can only be done after the wheat harvest in early May. Mechanical sowing is mainly used in dry pinellia. You see, the machinery behind the tractor is a seeder used for sowing seeds in dry summer. First, pour the treated seed stems into the seed trough on the top of the seeder, then start the tractor, and you can sow. When sowing, keep the row spacing at about 20 centimeters, which is mainly determined by the distance between furrows and plows under the seeder. Adjust the plow spacing to 20 centimeters, and the row spacing will be 20 centimeters. The seeder can cultivate the soil by itself. After sowing, there is no need to cultivate the soil manually. Generally, the amount of seeds per mu is about 20 kilograms. After sowing in dry half-summer, do not water the seeds to prevent the stems from rotting. About a month after sowing, the small seedlings of dry pinellia will emerge from the ground. When the height of the seedlings reaches about 5 cm, some necessary seedling management must be carried out.

3. Seedling management

The seedling management of dry pinellia mainly includes weeding, soil loosening, fertilization, watering and pest control. First let’s talk about weeding and loosening the soil.

Weeding and loosening the soil

Weeding should be carried out frequently during the seedling stage of Pinellia ternata, because grass will hinder the growth of Pinellia ternata seedlings.

During this period, manual weeding is generally used, and there is no fixed time and frequency limit. If you see grass in the field, just use a hoe to remove it. Since the dry pinellia seedlings are still very weak at this time, the use of herbicides is strictly prohibited. Moreover, while weeding, the soil was also loosened. But you must pay attention to the depth. Generally, the depth of loose soil is about 3 cm, otherwise, the roots will be injured. Next, let’s talk about fertilizer management in the seedling stage of dry pinellia.

Fertilization

Compound fertilizer is mainly used in the dry pinellia in the seedling stage, with the dosage per acre being about 20 kilograms. In the seedling management stage, fertilization is generally applied twice with a 15-day interval. Fertilization is generally carried out after rain, by spreading by hand. Spread the compound fertilizer on the seedlings, and the compound fertilizer will dissolve on its own. If fertilizing on a sunny day, be sure to spray water after fertilizing to promote the dissolution of the compound fertilizer, otherwise the seedlings will be burned.

Watering

During the seedling stage of dry Pinellia, sprinkler irrigation is mainly used to replenish water. Under normal circumstances, water spraying every 6 days is enough.

Pests and diseases control

There are fewer pests in the seedling stage of Pinellia ternata, mainly diseases. The most serious harm is caused by viral diseases, which are manifested as: the leaves gradually turn yellow, and finally the entire leaf withers and dies. The treatment method is: spray the leaves with 5% lime milk solution, spray 2-3 times in a row, with a time interval of 5-7 days, which can have a therapeutic effect.

When the seedling height reaches about 10 cm, it enters the field management stage. Next, let’s talk about the field management of dry pinellia.

4. Field Management

The field management of dry pinellia mainly includes: watering and drainage, cultivating and weeding, fertilization and pest and disease control. First, let’s talk about watering areas and drainage.

1. Watering and drainage

Dry pinellia prefers moisture and is afraid of drought. Lack of water can easily cause the above-ground parts to wither, so attention should be paid to scientific watering. At this time, dry pinellia is mainly Irrigation is carried out with water canals, usually every 15 days. Pay attention when watering. Don't water too much at one time. It is better to moisten the surface soil. Also, pay attention to drainage when there is too much rain, otherwise it will cause root rot.

2. Intertillage and weeding

During the field management stage, weeding also needs to be done frequently during dry pinellia. Manual weeding is still used, and the frequency and time are not fixed. Moreover, the root system of Pinellia ternata is concentrated in 12-15 cm of topsoil, so the depth of cultivation should not exceed 5 cm to avoid damaging the roots and hindering the growth of Pinellia ternata.

3. Fertilization

Urea is generally applied in dry pinellia during the field management stage, with a dosage of 20 kg per acre. There are two methods of fertilization: spraying and flushing. Spraying is to mix water and fertilizer in a sprayer and spray it on the leaves of dry summer. Flushing is carried out in combination with watering. Place the bucket mixed with fertilizer at the mouth of the ditch, open the water valve under the bucket, and the fertilizer will flow into the dry land with the water to supplement the fertilizer. Generally, fertilizing 3-4 times during the field management stage with a time interval of about 20 days can ensure the growth of dry pinellia.

4. Pest and disease control

To prevent and control the diseases and insect pests of Pinellia ternata, low-toxic pesticides must be used. Below, we will introduce the main pests and diseases of Pinellia ternata and their control methods.

(1) Diseases: In the field management stage of dry pinellia, leaf spot and virus diseases mainly occur.

Leaf spot disease initially appears as brown patches on the leaves, which then become larger. Eventually, the leaves wilt and die. The method to prevent and control leaf spot disease is: spray with 500 times ferrous sulfate solution, once every 7-10 days, 2-3 times in a row, the effect is better.

We have already introduced the symptoms of viral diseases, so we won’t go into details here. The prevention and treatment method is: Spray with 5% lime milk solution, 2 times in a row, with a time interval of 5 days, to treat viral diseases.

(2) Insect pests: The main pests in dry pinellia are grub larvae and hawkmoth larvae.

The grub larvae is a serious underground pest that bites the tubers of dry pinellia. The control method is: spray with a 50% phoxim solution once every 5-7 days for 2- 3 times.

Hawk moth larvae mostly occur in July-August and bite the leaves of dry pinellia. Use 50% phoxim solution for foliar spraying twice in a row with a time interval of 5 days. Kills hawkmoth larvae.

Dry pinellia is usually harvested in October. Next, we will introduce the harvesting method of dry pinellia.

5. Harvesting

You need to use professional tools to harvest dry pinellia. You see, the three-tooth iron rake on the picture is the tool used during harvesting. Use the iron rake to dig out the tubers buried in the ground and pick them up. Just put it in a basin. But be careful not to use too much force when planing to avoid damaging the tubers. The harvested tubers are screened and those with a diameter greater than one centimeter can be processed as finished products. Those with a diameter less than one centimeter are used as seed stems, bagged and stored in a cool place for propagation of dry pinellia in the coming year.