What does Maolai Dandong mean?

In short, Dandong dialect is a type of Jiaoliao Mandarin.

What is the official dialect of Jiao Liao? Quote from Baidu Encyclopedia.

Jiaoliao Mandarin is a branch of Mandarin. It is mainly distributed in the Liaodong Peninsula of Liaoning and the Jiaodong Peninsula of Shandong, with 44 counties and cities. In addition, there are dialect islands in other areas of Liaoning and Heilongjiang, divided into Qingzhou, Deng Lian and Gai Huan three pieces.

The main characteristics of Jiao Liao Mandarin are that the ancient unvoiced characters with the entering tone are now pronounced with the rising tone, the ancient characters with the secondary voicing tone are now pronounced with the falling tone, and the ancient characters with the full voicing tone are now pronounced at the rising tone.

In Jiaoliao Mandarin, 32 counties and cities have four tones, and 12 counties and cities have three tones. The dialects of the three tones have different evolutions of tones in ancient and modern times, but their most common point is that the initial consonants of the voiceless consonants of the ancient inflection and the initial consonants of the voiceless and sub-voiced consonants of the ancient tones are in the same tone. This is the characteristic of Jiaoliao Mandarin. .

The main areas with specific distribution include: Weihai, Rongcheng, Wendeng, Rushan, Yantai, Muping, Haiyang, Changdao, Penglai, Longkou, Fushan, Zhaoyuan, Qixia, Laiyang, Laixi, Laizhou, Pingdu, Jimo, Qingdao, Laoshan, Jiaozhou, Gaomi, Changyi, Hanting, Shouguang, Weifang, Qingzhou, Changle, Linqu, Anqiu, Zhucheng, Jiaonan, Wulian, Rizhao, Juxian, Junan, Yi Shui, Yinan, Mengyin, Yiyuan.

In other words, the distribution of Jiaoliao Mandarin in Liaoning is: Dalian and its counties, Dandong City, Donggang, and Kuandian.

In layman's terms, the pronunciation characteristics of Jiaoliao Mandarin are: the Yin level in Mandarin becomes a descending sound, slightly similar to the entering tone, and the Yang level has a tendency to become a falling tone, and the flat and tilted tongues often have discrepancies. The rhyme is simplified, r is pronounced as l, and sh, zh, ch tend to become x, j, q. (This is clearly reflected in Zhuanghe)

Dandong dialect is such a dialect.

Most people don’t know much about Dandong dialect. However, Dalian dialect, a well-known dialect similar to Dandong dialect, is well known to many people. Dalian dialect audio downloads can be found online for learning and reference purposes. Dalian people are often proud of their "unique" Dalian dialect. In fact, many of these dialects are unique to Jiao Liao Mandarin, such as "人", "Ran", "日", "肉", The word "heat" is pronounced as "Yin", "Yan", "Yi", "You", "Ye", etc. (in pure Jiao Liao Mandarin, all r's are changed to l). In addition, there are many dialect words such as "biao" (silly), "various" (disgusting), etc., which are unique to the Liaodong Peninsula. To say "Very Biao" as "Xue Biao" is the authentic Dalian dialect.

Let’s talk about the pronunciation of Dandong dialect. Generally speaking, Dandong dialect in urban areas has the same four tones as Mandarin. It just changes the yin level of Mandarin into "ru tone" (not very accurate, close to falling tone), which can make the sentence cadence. In some areas of Donggang, the Yangping tone has also changed. Some Yangping has changed to the falling tone, and a few have changed to the "entering tone" (mostly seen in nouns). These sound changes are the same as those in the Pulandian dialect. An extreme example is the Zhangdao dialect of Beijingzi Town in Donggang, which has only three tones and the Yangping disappears. These flat tone change rules can be called "Donggang-Pulandian phonetic changes". The standard for changing Yangping into "Rusheng" (should be Yinping) is not yet clear, but nouns and many verbs indicating animals generally follow this change, such as cow, sheep, donkey, human, take, come, etc., all pronounced as " Entering the sound" (Yinping). There is also a phenomenon in Dalian where Yangping is changed to falling tone, (what-what), which is a relatively old and authentic Jiao-Liao Mandarin. Dandong people have larger tongues when they speak, and many of the raised tongue sounds are converted into flat tongue sounds (which may be related to the influence of Korean). What is interesting is that almost all flat tongue sounds are opposite to Dalian dialect, for example: going to the supermarket sang cao shi / shang chao si, yes shi / si, junior high school teacher cu zong jiao shi / chu zhong jiao si, etc. (The order is Dan/Da) Donggang dialect has more flat-tongued sounds and a larger tongue.

In addition, another feature of the "Donggang-Pulandian phonetic change" is the treatment of rhymes and vowels, which is also a unique feature of Jiaoliao Mandarin: after consonants such as d and t, most of them uan becomes an, ui becomes ei, such as "short legs" tei dan. However, in standard Donggang dialect, sometimes i becomes ei instead, such as Li-lei, which may be due to the emphasis on the tortuous nature of the upper tone.

(These sound changes are similar to Cantonese and have the characteristics of ancient Chinese)

Let’s talk about the history of the formation of Dandong dialect. Dandong dialect has strong regional characteristics. If you listen carefully, you can find that there are certain differences between "Sidaoqiao dialect" and "Yujiagou dialect" and "Sanmalu dialect" and "Zhanqian dialect". I grew up in the area of ??Sanma Road, and I am familiar with the common dialects of Sanma Road, such as "Yu Qi" (comfortable), "Yulai Ren" (disgusting person), "Gashi" (willingness), etc. There are many foreign words. , because Sanma Road has a large immigrant population. Most of the elders are descendants of the first batch of Shandong immigrants, and they use more ancient dialects, such as "ganlai" (but) and other connecting adverbs. A considerable number of others moved from western Liaoning and northern Liaoning, and they brought with them the "authentic Liaoning accent" (which actually belongs to Northeastern Mandarin). It was the fusion of Northeastern Mandarin and Jiaoliao Mandarin that gave rise to Dandong dialect. (As we all know, Northeastern accent + Shandong accent = oyster flavor) "Liaoning accent" (mainly Shenyang dialect) makes many daily expressions in Dandong dialect out of tone, such as "是", according to the authentic Jiaoliao Mandarin, it should be pronounced as "Four", but Dandong pronounces it as "Yes", and "I don't know" should be pronounced as "不知道". The pronunciation of Dandong was not only changed to bu zhi dao, but also moved closer to the Shenyang dialect bu ri dao, "know". Attenuated to a palatal r.