Applications of superconductors.

Superconductors will have the greatest impact on human society by providing more electricity. Superconductors are used in power generation equipment.

There are three kinds of power generation: magnetic fluid power generation, superconducting motor power generation and thermonuclear fusion power generation.

Self-flow power generation is a kind of power generation mode with high efficiency, low pollution and large single machine capacity, which directly converts thermal energy into electrical energy.

A new type of power generation. Ordinary thermal power generation needs to convert thermal energy into mechanical energy and then into electrical energy, which has the highest efficiency.

Height 33-36%. Magnetic fluid power generation is to burn coal (oil, natural gas) with oxidants and additives.

The generated plasma passes through the magnetic field at high speed, directly converting heat energy into electric energy, and realizing the combined cycle of magnetic fluid and steam.

The highest efficiency of the power generation device reaches 55%, and it can be automatically desulfurized with little pollution. However, what is encountered at present is this way of power generation.

The difficulty lies in that when the magnetic induction intensity is above 65438±0.5 tex, the iron core of magnetic fluid is gradually in magnetic saturation and magnetic.

It is difficult to improve the field strength. So people thought of superconductors. If superconducting magnets are used, it will be easy.

It generates a magnetic field with the intensity of tens of tets in a large volume and consumes little excitation power. Its performance is very good.

Good, small quality and other advantages. For example, a superconducting magnet with a magnetic induction of 4-5 TET has a mass of only 300.

A piece of 500 grams, and the mass of a magnet with the same magnetic field strength is 15-20 tons. Currently, the United States, former

The Soviet Union and Japan have built this superconducting magnetohydrodynamic generator.

Superconducting generator power generation is to make the generator pole winding with superconductor, which can not only greatly increase the number of generators.

The ultimate output capacity, and high efficiency, small size, small mass, can save a lot of electricity and metal materials.

The limit output of conventional two-pole generators can only reach 1.5 * 109 watts under current conditions, while superconducting generators are.

It can reach 3* 10 10 watts or even more. 6X 106 motor, conventional mass 370x 103kg, ultra-high speed motor.

The conductor material weighs only 40x103kg; Another example is the 5X 106 superconducting alternator that has been built at present. It

Compared with ordinary motors, the power consumption is reduced by two thirds and the volume is reduced by more than 80%. Therefore, some people estimate superconductivity.

The power generation cost can be reduced by 60% and the cable transmission cost can be reduced by 10%. These advantages make

Therefore, it is especially suitable for building high-efficiency large-scale power stations, mobile power sources and power devices for spacecraft.

Get ready.

Superconductors can also help scientists build nuclear fusion power generation systems, which use hydrogen as fuel.

Yes, its reaction temperature is as high as the sun. Theoretically, this kind of energy is inexhaustible.

In practice, the key problem is how to generate a strong enough magnetic field to control the intense thermonuclear reaction. Superconducting materials will

Can solve this problem. 2. Superconducting power transmission

At present, high-voltage AC power transmission is used in power transmission, which has great loss and reduces the effective electric energy.

This characteristic of zero resistance can be made into superconducting cable, which can transmit power without loss, with high transmission efficiency and high efficiency.

Thereby saving materials, avoiding laying overhead cables and reducing transmission cost. This superconducting cable can transmit hundreds of thousands of megabytes.

Watt power, it can also transmit powerful current at lower voltage. For example, a three-phase superconducting cable can be used for

At the voltage of 35 dry volts, the current of 104 ampere is transmitted. The United States made a Sn-Nb superconducting cable with three diameters.

The 345kV superconducting cable with a diameter of 14cm can be transported in a highly insulated conduit with a diameter of 45cm.

All the electricity used in a big city like new york. 3. Superconducting energy storage In order to use the difference between the peak value and the low value of the power load to solve the state of tight power consumption during the peak period, more and more places are now applying energy storage methods to adjust the power load. The energy storage coil made of superconducting material may

A large amount of electric energy is stored in the form of magnetic energy, which has the characteristics of high density and low loss. 4. Superconducting electromagnetic propulsion

The device of superconducting electromagnetic propulsion is to install a superconducting magnet in the hull, which will produce a superconducting magnet in seawater.

Powerful magnetic field. At the same time, a pair of powerful electrodes are installed on both sides of the hull, which makes seawater produce a lot between the two poles.

Water flow. Due to the interaction of magnetic field and current in seawater, seawater exerts a strong force on the rear hull of the ship.

Thrust. At this time, seawater and electrodes are equivalent to armatures, and the hull can be propelled by the same principle as motors.

Forward.

The world's first "superconducting ship" was launched in Kobe, Japan on June 27, 1992, with superconductivity.

It is driven by magnetic force and looks like a mixture of whales and space rockets, with a length of 30 meters.

The speed can reach 200 kilometers per hour.